Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “nanotechnology”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Genomic Insights Into the Multimetal Resilience and Biofilm-Templated Nanorod Biosynthesis of Stenotrophomonas bentonitica BII-R7: Bioremediation and Green Nanotechnology Implications.

While microbial metal reduction is widely documented, the genomic determinants that govern the morphological transition from disordered phases to structured nanocrystals remain elusive. Here, we present an integrative study of Stenotrophomonas bentonitica BII-R7, a strain exhibiting exceptional metal resistance and the unique capacity to synthesize crystalline trigonal selenium (t-Se) nanorods. Comparative pangenomic analysis of 38 Stenotrophomonas strains revealed that BII-R7 possesses a notably large accessory genome of 2311 exclusive singletons. We identify a specialized genomic toolkit, absent in all related strains, comprising key metal resistance determinants (e.g., copB, copF, and czcA) alongside extracellular remodelling enzymes (Wzyligase and GH92-glycosyl hydrolase). This unique repertoire confers BII-R7 with significantly higher Cu and Ni tolerance compared to related Stenotrophomonas species, which we hypothesize is fundamental for maintaining metabolic activity in polymetallic environments. RT-qPCR and functional assays confirm that these singletons are not only upregulated under metal stress (e.g., czcA: 42.2-fold) but are also consistent with a critical role in maintaining biofilm resilience. Crucially, we propose a mechanistic model where this unique genetic repertoire governs the assembly of a compositionally distinctive Extracellular Polymeric Substance (EPS). Using a three-state (biofilm, planktonic, EPS-depleted) experiment, we provide direct phenotypic evidence that an intact EPS matrix is required for the efficient transition from amorphous nanospheres to highly ordered crystalline nanorods, and we propose that it acts as a molecular template directing the anisotropic growth of selenium. By bridging genomics and bionanotechnology, this work positions BII-R7 as a promising candidate for sustainable green synthesis and bioremediation, while defining the targeted gene-knockout and complementation experiments now required to establish direct causal roles for the candidate determinants.

Stenotrophomonas↗
PubMed2026

High-Purity Monovalent Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes.

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) show promise for probing molecular interactions at single-molecule resolution, yet generating SWCNT populations bearing a single defined functional tag remains challenging because surface functionalization is inherently stochastic. Here, we present a batch-scale strategy to produce predominantly singly tagged SWCNTs by leveraging the stochastic adsorption of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Specifically, SWCNTs are dispersed using a mixture of unmodified ssDNA (um-ssDNA) and a minor fraction of modified ssDNA (m-ssDNA) carrying an affinity handle. We developed a probabilistic ssDNA-SWCNT binding model that predicts the distribution of m-ssDNA per nanotube as a function of the input minor-strand fraction p = m-ssDNA/total ssDNA, enabling selection of conditions that maximize single-tag purity. Using magnetic-bead capture via a biotin affinity interaction and subsequent release, we isolate SWCNTs with 97.6% predicted single-tag purity at 2% recovery. Single-molecule fluorescence imaging further supports predominantly single-label occupancy under the model-selected conditions. Thus, this approach provides a general route to SWCNTs bearing a single molecular handle for downstream conjugation and assembly, supporting diverse future applications in SWCNT-based nanotechnologies.

Nanotubes, Carbon↗
PubMed2026

Probiotic-derived extracellular vesicles as food-based nanocarriers: Mechanisms, functional applications, and future perspectives in food systems.

Probiotic-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) are a promising type of postbiotic nanoparticle derived by fermentation of probiotics, and have gained growing interest as a potential application in food science and nutrition. These are lipid bilayer vesicles of nanoscale, which are naturally released by probiotic cells and contain a wide variety of bioactive molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites. Moreover, PDEVs are highly stable, biocompatible, and can be easily engineered to have surfaces with high functionality, which makes them good candidates in functional engineering. In contrast to traditional live probiotics, PDEVs overcome the difficulties of preserving microbial viability during processing and storage, thus providing superior safety, stability, and predictable biological performance. This is a systematic review of the various functions of PDEVs in food systems. We conclude on the processes through which PDEVs control intestinal barrier integrity, alter gut microbiota composition, and alter host immune responses, and their potential to enhance gut health when added to functional foods. In addition to their health-promoting effects, PDEVs have shown significant potential as natural antimicrobial agents to preserve food and as effective nanocarriers of hydrophobic bioactive compounds, including fucoxanthin, to improve their stability, bioavailability, and targeted delivery. Moreover, PDEVs can be used as new regulators of microbial fermentation. However, it should be noted that a lot of the evidence that is available is still preliminary and the effectiveness of these applications in real food-processing and storage conditions has not been fully proven. Although they have potential, there are a number of challenges that still hinder the widespread use of PDEVs in the food industry. These involve the creation of scalable and cost-effective production processes, batch-to-batch consistency, vesicle stability in a variety of food matrices, and regulatory and safety considerations. Other emerging engineering approaches, such as surface functionalization and cargo loading, are also discussed in this review and could further increase the specificity, functionality, and application versatility of PDEVs in food systems. Moving forward, the incorporation of PDEVs into the next generation functional foods, novel food preservation methods, and customized nutrition plans should be prioritized in future studies. Further developments in these fields can make PDEVs useful platforms at the interface of food microbiology, nanotechnology, and human health.

Probiotics↗
PubMed2025

Free energy spectroscopy reveals the mechanistic landscape of chromatin compaction.

Eukaryotic genomic DNA is repeatedly wrapped into nucleosome spools: the basic building block of chromatin. This organization regulates the physical accessibility of the genome to gene transcription, replication, and repair regulatory factors. Chromatin compaction is controlled by multivalent weak interactions, resulting in a complicated conformational landscape that remains challenging to characterize. This work reports a method for characterizing chromatin compaction, Free Energy Spectroscopy (FES), which is based on DNA nanotechnology and transmission electron microscopy. This method experimentally determines the chromatin compaction free energy landscape in terms of end-to-end distance and nucleosome stacking interactions. By deconvolving the free energy landscapes of partially and fully compact tetranucleosomes, FES revealed three separate mechanisms by which linker histones reshape the compaction energetics to condense chromatin. This study establishes FES as a method with the potential to help answer a broad range of mechanistic questions about genome and epigenome function.

DNA nanotechnology↗
PubMed2026

Beyond antibiotics: artificial intelligence-enabled anti-infective ecosystems for next-generation precision therapeutics against antimicrobial resistance.

The rapid global expansion of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens to undermine decades of progress in infectious disease management and highlights the limitations of conventional antibiotic-centered therapeutic strategies. Although emerging technologies-including antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophage therapy, CRISPR-based antimicrobials, microbiome therapeutics, anti-virulence approaches, nanotechnology-enabled drug delivery, and artificial intelligence (AI)-have individually demonstrated considerable promise, they are predominantly being developed as independent interventions rather than as coordinated components of an integrated therapeutic strategy. This Perspective proposes the Intelligent Anti-Infective Ecosystem (IAIE) as a conceptual systems-level framework that computationally integrates multimodal diagnostics, pathogen genomics, microbiome profiling, AI-assisted decision support, programmable precision therapeutics, ecological monitoring, and longitudinal clinical feedback within a continuously learning dynamically optimized workflow. Unlike existing paradigms that primarily optimize individual technologies or therapeutic decisions, IAIE emphasizes closed-loop coordination among complementary antimicrobial approaches to support precision-guided infection management while preserving microbiome integrity and mitigating resistance selection pressure. We further outline the core components, operational principles, translational challenges, and technology readiness of the major therapeutic platforms that could contribute to such an ecosystem, while distinguishing clinically established interventions from emerging experimental strategies. Importantly, IAIE should be interpreted as a prospective conceptual architecture rather than an existing clinical platform. Its proposed clinical value remains to be established through sequential computational, preclinical, and prospective clinical investigations using standardized microbiological, ecological, and patient-centered outcome measures. By framing antimicrobial innovation within an responsive systems perspective, IAIE provides a roadmap for future multidisciplinary research aimed at integrating artificial intelligence and systems microbiology to enable sustainable management of antimicrobial resistance.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Allelochemical signaling and phytohormone crosstalk in plants: molecular mechanisms and implications for sustainable weed management.

Phytotoxic effects from allelopathy occur due to signaling pathways that induce alterations in hormonal balance within the plants, thereby hindering weed growth. Signaling crosstalk between various hormones and signaling pathways (Ca2⁺, MAPK, ROS) is involved in the molecular response mechanisms found through omics. Utilizing such mechanisms would help develop new environmentally friendly methods for sustainable weed management. Allelopathy serves as an essential component of plant-plant interaction via controlling the secretion of secondary metabolites (allelochemicals), which affect the growth, development, and physiological activity of nearby plants. The latest findings indicate that allelochemicals disturb phytohormone balance and signaling pathways resulting in oxidative stress, metabolism dysfunctions, cellular processes disturbances, and eventually inhibiting the growth of target weed species. Molecular biology progress and omics techniques brought information about the sophisticated regulation processes involved in allelopathic interactions. This review summarizes the information about the molecular mechanism of weed suppression mediated by allelopathy with the emphasis on allelochemical perception, phytohormone signaling, ROS responses, and evidence obtained by the application of transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and other omics-based studies. In addition, it introduces novel approaches, such as rhizosphere engineering, nanotechnologies, and genome editing, which may improve the effectiveness and reliability of allelopathic weed suppression. Overall, these achievements provide prospects for creating a new generation of weed control technologies that are sustainable, environmentally friendly, and climate-adaptive.

Plant Growth Regulators↗
PubMed2025

Advances in diagnosis of diseases causing diarrhea in newborn calves.

Diarrhea in newborn calves is a serious global health problem. It poses challenges for animal industry, veterinarians and researchers due to the rapid onset of dehydration. Mixed infections make treatment complicated, and many young calves suffer high rates of illness and death from this condition. Numerous enteropathogens are associated with diarrhea in newborn calves, encompassing viruses, bacteria, parasites, and protozoa. Their occurrence differs by region, yet the most prevalent infections include E. coli, Salmonella species, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium difficile, Rotavirus, Coronavirus, Cryptosporidium, Toxocara, Giardia and Eimeria. This review outlines the diagnostic techniques for diseases that lead to diarrhea in newborn calves. Diagnosis is based on clinical manifestations; however, the laboratory identification of etiological items is the only valid way for detecting the illness's aetiology and initiating treatment protocols. Classic methods such as bacterial culturing, fecal flotation, direct microscopy, and virus isolation help us understand pathogens better. Immunological assays like ELISA and immunochromatography are fast, accurate, affordable, and useful for on-farm detection. They help identify specific antigens or antibodies efficiently. Molecular methods including PCR (standard, multiplex, real time and digital), LAMP assays, DNA microarrays and whole-genome sequencing allow highly accurate and sensitive detection. They can identify pathogens effectively, even at very low levels. Nanotechnology-based assays introduce a novel level of sensitivity and specificity, often yielding quick results with minimal sample volumes. In conclusion, accurate and rapid diagnosis using advanced techniques is critical for managing and preventing diseases that lead to diarrhea in newborn calves.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Novel immunotherapeutic strategies for colorectal cancer treatment: Advances, challenges, and future directions.

Immunotherapy has reshaped the treatment landscape of colorectal cancer (CRC), with the clearest and most durable benefit established in mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) disease. However, framing CRC immunotherapy simply as "MSI-H responsive versus microsatellite stable (MSS) resistant" is no longer sufficient. Recent studies indicate that a subset of proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) colon cancers, particularly in the neoadjuvant setting, can mount clinically meaningful responses to immune checkpoint blockade, suggesting that disease stage, local immune organization, and treatment timing critically influence immunotherapy sensitivity. In parallel, emerging evidence has expanded the relevant immune landscape beyond the tumor bed itself, showing that spatially organized stromal and adipose niches can actively divert tumor-reactive lymphocytes and promote immune escape. These advances shift the central challenge in CRC immunotherapy from simply identifying new agents to defining when and in whom immune resistance is reversible, and which biological bottlenecks-such as vascular dysfunction, myeloid suppression, and spatial immune exclusion-must be overcome. In this context, alternative checkpoint inhibitors, bispecific antibodies, cellular therapies, vaccines, nanotechnology-enabled platforms, and microbiome-targeted approaches remain important, but their translational maturity and evidentiary support differ substantially. Biomarker development is likewise evolving from static genomic classification toward dynamic and mechanism-informed stratification incorporating circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), chromosomal instability, immune architecture, and treatment-induced response trajectories. This review synthesizes recent advances in CRC immunotherapy while emphasizing evidence hierarchy, biomarker-guided patient selection, and the mechanistic basis of combination strategies. We argue that the next phase of CRC immunotherapy will depend less on the indiscriminate addition of novel agents and more on the rational deployment of immunotherapy across molecularly, spatially, and temporally defined disease states.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Flavones in osteosarcoma: Molecular mechanisms, antitumor activity, and translational challenges.

Osteosarcoma remains the most common primary malignant bone tumor, and survival has improved little over recent decades because of metastasis and therapeutic resistance. Flavones exhibit diverse anti-osteosarcoma activities by suppressing proliferation, inducing apoptosis, ferroptosis and autophagy, inhibiting metastasis, and modulating oncogenic signaling pathways, including PI3K-Akt, Wnt-β-catenin, STAT3, MAPK, and NF-κB. This review summarizes the cell-line-specific molecular mechanisms of representative flavones, critically evaluates current experimental limitations, and discusses strategies to improve clinical translation through nanotechnology-based delivery and combination therapy. Although clinical evidence remains lacking, flavones represent promising adjunctive candidates for overcoming chemoresistance and improving osteosarcoma treatment.

apoptosis and metastasis↗
PubMed2026

Insertion of CG repeats and 3' terminus overhangs drive B-to-Z transition: A case study with NF-κB bearing DNA nanostructures.

Z-DNA, a non-canonical helical structure of DNA plays a vital role in various biological processes, including transcription and genomic stability. Though low concentration of trivalent cations is known to induce B-Z transition, the effect of short CG repeats, overhangs sequences, loop length and order of nucleotides on Z-DNA formation in larger DNA is utterly unknown. Earlier, a series of self-assembled branched DNA (bDNA) nanostructures having 5T in the loop are reported to be resistant to B-to-Z DNA transition irrespective of the overhang sequences. Since the presence of alternative purine/pyrimidine sequences and direction of oligonucleotides play a vital role during replication and transcription, we hypothesize that the insertion of a small number of CG repeats, or a change in direction of overhang sequences may influence the B-to-Z DNA transition. Here, we show that Z-DNA formation was induced by inserting CG repeats into bDNA structures that were previously resistant to B-Z transition. Moreover, B-Z transition was also observed when overhangs were introduced at the 3' terminus. The generality of the approach of B-Z transition was demonstrated in a series of bDNA structures including the bDNA having NF-kβ sequences. Different dye binding experiments suggest the formation of Z-DNA in bDNA having overhangs at the 3' terminus against the control of bDNA with 5' overhangs. Interestingly, the melting temperature (Tm) was substantially reduced to 55 °C in the Z-DNA as compared to the LaCl3-induced condensed DNA having Tm of 77 °C. Fluorescence study also supports the presence of minor groove in Z-DNA which binds Hoechst. ITC indicates an entropy- and enthalpy-driven favorable binding between lanthanide cations and bDNA. Thus, the present study establishes a synthetic bDNA nanotechnology platform for systematically investigating how local sequence architecture, including the insertion of CG repeats, loop length, and overhang orientation influences B-to-Z conformational switching under controlled experimental conditions.

B-Z transition↗
PubMed2026

Trade-off between photosynthetic promotion and nitrogen fixation suppression induced by chloroplast-targeted Mo nanoparticles in soybean.

Organelle-targeted nanomaterials offer opportunities to improve crop photosynthesis, yet their unintended effects on symbiotic nitrogen fixation remain poorly understood. Here, we developed chloroplast-targeted molybdenum nanoparticles (Chl-Mo) and compared their effects with those of ionic Mo (IonMo) and non-targeted Mo nanoparticles in soybean. Chl-Mo preferentially accumulated in chloroplasts, enhancing photosynthetic carbon assimilation, thylakoid development, PSII performance, sucrose transport, and biomass accumulation. However, this growth promotion was accompanied by suppressed nodule nitrogenase activity, reduced nif gene expression, inhibited GS/GOGAT-mediated nitrogen assimilation, and disrupted microoxic and ROS homeostasis in nodules. Integrated nodule proteomics and metabolomics showed downregulation of sucrose transport, glycolysis, pyruvate metabolism, and amino acid biosynthesis, indicating a decoupling between enhanced carbon input and nitrogen utilization. Root transcriptomics further revealed oxidative stress, impaired nitrate assimilation, and attenuated early symbiotic signaling. These findings demonstrate that chloroplast-targeted Mo delivery can enhance photosynthesis while compromising symbiotic nitrogen fixation, highlighting the need to evaluate belowground symbiotic functions when developing organelle-targeted nanotechnologies for sustainable agriculture.

Chloroplast-targeted Mo↗
PubMed2026

Imaging-Guided Omics Technologies for Resolving Rare Cancer States and Advancing Nanomedicine.

The ability to resolve rare and transient cellular states is critical for understanding metastasis, immune evasion, and therapy resistance in cancer, yet these dynamic processes often escape detection by conventional sequencing and imaging approaches. Recent advances at the interface of nanotechnology, high-resolution live-cell imaging, and single-cell/spatial multiomics methods have enabled functional profiling of cells with unprecedented precision within their native microenvironment. In this Mini-Review, we highlight emerging nanoscale platforms that couple real-time phenotypic imaging with molecular readouts, such as FUNseq and CIN-seq, to directly link functional heterogeneity to transcriptomic, proteomic, and epigenomic information. By integrating nanoscale optical imaging, microengineered perturbation tools, and AI-driven computational analysis, these technologies open up new avenues for dissecting rare metastatic, therapy-resistant, or immune-evasive subpopulations. We further discuss how these next-generation imaging-guided single-cell and spatial omics platforms not only advance fundamental cancer biology but also create opportunities to accelerate the development of nanomedicine applications.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

CRISPR-Cas9‑based lipid nanocarriers for advanced therapy of urinary bladder cancer.

Bladder cancer (BCa) exhibits significant genetic and phenotypic variability. This variability suggests that various tumor subtypes could be influenced by several biomarkers and signaling pathways, which presents a problem for monotherapy strategies. Despite the initial effectiveness of traditional therapies, BCa's high rates of progression and recurrence, and the eventual development of drug resistance in many patients, continue to be major concerns. Because of the potential to transform the genetic modifications linked to the disease, genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9 has become a transformative tool in medicine with noteworthy potential for BCa therapy. Although the CRISPR/Cas9 technology is incredibly effective at transforming the field of genome editing, its instability and cellular impermeability pose significant challenges to its delivery. To increase efficient delivery of CRISPR/Cas9, nanovectors may be investigated. Significant promise exists for improving the therapeutic potential of CRISPR-Cas9 technology and addressing complex cancer therapy difficulties because of the rapid development of nanotechnology-based delivery systems. Relevant articles were searched in Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science covering studies published between 2007 and 2026. Along with the impact of lipid-based nanoparticles on their safe transport to cancer cells, this review emphasizes the significance of the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system in the treatment of BCa.

CRISPR–Cas9↗
PubMed2025

Molecular mechanisms and breeding strategies for heat tolerance in vegetable crops under global warming.

Extreme heat driven by climate change poses a catastrophic threat to global vegetable production, undermining nutritional security because of the heightened physiological sensitivity and succulent tissues of these crops. This review synthesizes the multistage impacts of heat stress across critical developmental phases-from germination to reproduction-emphasizing morphological impairments (such as leaf wilting and floral abortion) and physiological disruptions (including photosynthetic inhibition and oxidative damage). We systematically dissect thermotolerance mechanisms in vegetables, highlighting transcriptional reprogramming by HSFs, WRKY, and NAC transcription factors; chaperone-mediated proteostasis via HSPs; epigenetic remodeling; Ca2+-ROS signaling pathways; and the role of phase separation dynamics. Importantly, we propose six strategic pathways to develop heat-resilient vegetables: harnessing natural variation through pan-genome-driven allele mining; employing biotechnological interventions such as CRISPR-mediated editing and synthetic promoters; engineering multistress tolerance by targeting conserved 'core response' pathways; exploiting epigenetic memory to achieve transgenerational resilience; optimizing source-sink dynamics with ''Climate-Responsive Carbon Optimization; and applying plant growth regulators and nanotechnology to enhance thermotolerance. Together, these strategies chart a clear roadmap for climate-smart vegetable breeding and call for interdisciplinary collaboration to translate molecular discoveries into practical breeding approaches for sustainable food systems under escalating thermal extremes.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2025

Cross-feeding percolation phase transitions of intercellular metabolic networks.

Intercellular cross-talk is essential for the adaptation capabilities of populations of cells. While direct diffusion-driven cell-to-cell exchanges are difficult to map, current nanotechnology enables one to probe single-cell exchanges with the medium. We introduce a mathematical method to reconstruct the dynamic unfolding of intercellular exchange networks from these data, applying it to an experimental coculture system. The exchange network, initially dense, progressively fragments into small disconnected clusters. To explain these dynamics, we develop a maximum-entropy multicellular metabolic model with diffusion-driven exchanges. The model predicts a transition from a dense network to a sparse one as nutrient consumption shifts. We characterize this crossover both numerically, revealing a power-law decay in the cluster-size distribution, and analytically, by connecting to percolation theory. Comparison with data suggests that populations evolve toward the sparse phase by remaining near the crossover. These findings offer insights into the collective organization driving the adaptive dynamics of cell populations.

Metabolic Networks and Pathways↗
PubMed2026

Adenoviral Vectors in Gene Therapy: A Detailed Overview.

Adenoviral vectors (AdVs) represent one of the most extensively researched platforms in the realm of gene therapy, providing advantages such as high transduction efficiency, large transgene capacity, and broad tropism. This review provides a detailed and structured overview of AdVs, highlighting their biology, gene delivery mechanisms, clinical applications, and challenges limiting their broader therapeutic applicability. The study also explores recent progress in vector engineering, such as rare serotypes, capsid modifications, third-generation vectors, as well as strategies for immune modulation and toxicity reduction. AdVs are used in therapies for genetic disorders, oncology, and vaccinology, alongside innovations such as CRISPR-Cas9, nanotechnology, and artificial intelligence design. Nevertheless, persistent hurdles, including vector immunogenicity, hepatotoxicity, scalability, and the lack of durable expression, prevent widespread clinical use. This review consolidates current knowledge and presents a future perspective on how AdVs may evolve as powerful, adaptable, and precise tools in modern gene therapy. By contextualizing strengths and unresolved challenges, this work aims to give researchers and clinicians a balanced foundation for evaluating their future roles in translational medicine.

Humans↗
PubMed2025

Integrated agronomy of pea (Pisum sativum L.): a review on cultivation, harvesting, and storage for sustainable agriculture.

Peas (Pisum sativum L.) are a cornerstone of sustainable agriculture, yet their potential is limited by fragmented agronomic practices. This review provides an integrated synthesis of advancements across cultivation, mechanized harvesting, and post-harvest storage. Key findings reveal that optimal growth conditions and nanotechnology interventions can significantly enhance abiotic stress tolerance. Mechanized harvesting innovations reduce yield losses by up to 40%, but smallholder adoption and terrain compatibility remain critical challenges. Effective post-harvest strategies, including low-temperature storage and hermetic bags, are crucial for preserving quality. Despite progress, systemic barriers persist. Future research must prioritize interdisciplinary solutions-combining genomics, precision engineering, and farmer training-to unlock the full potential of peas as a keystone crop for sustainable food systems.

climate resilience↗
PubMed2025

Biogenic Synthesis and Characterization of Hypecoum pendulum Mediated Silver Nanoparticles: Revealed Outstanding Anticancer and Genotoxic Potentials.

Fabrication of silver nanoparticles by green approach is the most effective and eco-friendly technique in recent technologies. The current study aimed to generate a simple, valid, and justifiable method for biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (HP-AgNPs) using aqueous extract of Hypecoum pendulum L.(HP) and to assess their in vitro anticancer and genotoxic potentials on baby hamster kidney cell (BHK-21) and human blood lymphocytes using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-)-2,5-di-phenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and alkaline comet assay, respectively. HP-AgNP characterization was done using UV-vis spectrometry, EDX, SEM, XRD, and FTIR techniques. The crystalline nature of HP-AgNPs with a particle size of 36.3 nm was assessed using the XRD technique. The surface morphologies with a particle size of 80 nm were verified by SEM analysis. UV spectroscopy verified the existence of HP-AgNPs by yielding a sharp peak at 417 nm with an absorbance intensity of 1.54. FTIR assessment revealed the existence of different functional moieties that contribute to the HP-AgNPs stabilization and reduction. Similarly, EDX analysis revealed Ag as a principal element (49%). MTT assay showed significant cytotoxicity by Doxorubicin and HP-AgNPs with a smaller IC50 value of 104.21 ± 4.33 and 134.91 ± 6.33 μg/mL correlated to HP extract (229.84 ± 4.66 μg/mL). The outcomes of the comet assay revealed potential DNA damage in a positive trend with concentration (25-600 μg/mL). HP-AgNP-treated lymphocytes showed higher DNA damage as compared to HP extract-treated cells, but less damage as compared to a positive control, H2O2. These outcomes showed that HP-AgNPs have demonstrated promising anticancer and genotoxic action than HP extract due to their size and shape.

Silver↗