Flavones in osteosarcoma: Molecular mechanisms, antitumor activity, and translational challenges.

Abstract

Osteosarcoma remains the most common primary malignant bone tumor, and survival has improved little over recent decades because of metastasis and therapeutic resistance. Flavones exhibit diverse anti-osteosarcoma activities by suppressing proliferation, inducing apoptosis, ferroptosis and autophagy, inhibiting metastasis, and modulating oncogenic signaling pathways, including PI3K-Akt, Wnt-β-catenin, STAT3, MAPK, and NF-κB. This review summarizes the cell-line-specific molecular mechanisms of representative flavones, critically evaluates current experimental limitations, and discusses strategies to improve clinical translation through nanotechnology-based delivery and combination therapy. Although clinical evidence remains lacking, flavones represent promising adjunctive candidates for overcoming chemoresistance and improving osteosarcoma treatment.