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Results for “education level”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Further results from the Berlin morbidity study of 1972. 1. Educational level, knowledge of dental health and oral hygiene].

There are relationships between the general educational level and the extent of dental health knowledge on the one hand, and between the dental health knowledge and the oral hygiene condition on the other hand. A higher educational level is associated with a better dental health knowledge and, in most cases, the latter is connected with a lower oral hygiene index. School education exerts a greater effect on the level of dental health knowledge than higher or technical education. The state of dental health education and information of the population is not sufficient. Merely 25% of the interviewed graduates and 10% of the individuals having gained a school-leaving certificate reached maximum scores though only some few and easy questions (with a choice of incorrect and correct answers) had been put to evaluate dental health knowledge.

Berlin↗
PubMed1979

[Influence of educational level and preventive measures on theperiodontal condition of adolescents].

From their answers to a questionnaire 1063 Swiss army recruits were included in one of 6 occupational groups. The clinical periodontal findings from the group were recorded and compared. The recruits with higher educational levels had a better periodontal status than those with less schooling. Regardless, the recruits from areas with well-organized prophylaxis programs had less gingivitis and smaller DMFT scores than the others.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Relationship among environmental and demographic variables and teacher-rated hyperactivity.

This study assessed the role of environmental and demographic factors in the occurrence of teacher-rated hyperactivity. The subject group consisted of 79 hyperactive and 81 nonhyperactive children ranging from 5 to 12 years of age. Parents of the subjects were interviewed to obtain information regarding the environmental and demographic factors of sex, race, birth order, number of siblings, frequency of change of residence, income level, mother's age, father's age, educational level of mother, educational level of father, parents' marital status, and the method of child discipline used in the home. Comparison between the the hyperactive and nonhyperactive groups suggested nonsignificant differences with the exception of sex (p less than .001), in which the ratio of hyperactive males to hyperactive females was 5:1.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Survey of curriculum and instruction: continuing education courses in pain control.

Pain and anxiety control is taught at the continuing education level in a large number of diverse courses. This paper reports the results of a survey of those courses held in 1976. The majority of courses centered on the use of inhalation or intravenous sedation. Relatively few courses were offered on the other aspects of pain and anxiety control. Very little attempt is being made at formally evaluating the competence of participants in these courses. Few courses appear to adequately cover the prevention and management of complications. Suggestions for changes in the teaching of pain and anxiety control at the continuing education level are made based on these findings.Pain and anxiety control encompasses the application of various physical, chemical and psychological modalities in the prevention and treatment of peri-operative patient apprehension and pain. Patient apprehension about dental procedures is felt to influence the seeking of remedial and preventive dental care by a significant portion of the population. Efforts to improve the training of dentists in pain and anxiety control modalities have included several workshops sponsored by the American Dental Society of Anesthesia, the formulation of guidelines for courses at the predoctoral, postdoctoral and continuing education levels, and the establishment of postdoctoral pain control training programs at several dental schools.Recent graduates have been trained in pain control in predoctoral programs which vary widely in content and length. A large number of practitioners seek training in pain control through continuing education courses offered by dental schools, hospitals and a variety of other institutions. This paper reports the results of a survey of these courses and suggests several recommendations based on the findings.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed2025

Men's Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, Cultural Beliefs, and Perceived Risk and Susceptibility Regarding Prostate Cancer in the Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa.

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PCa) awareness and knowledge among men in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa, remain inadequately studied despite the high local burden of the disease. This study investigates the knowledge, attitudes, practices, cultural beliefs, and perceived risk of PCa among men aged 40 and above in selected villages under the Mphaphuli and Niani tribal authorities. METHODS: A quantitative survey was conducted with 431 men, utilizing a questionnaire adapted from the African Women Awareness of Cancer (AWACAN) tool. The questionnaire, translated into Tshivenda, assessed socio-demographic data, awareness, knowledge of risk factors and symptoms, health-seeking behavior, and barriers to seeking medical help. RESULTS: The study revealed that 51.3% of participants had heard of PCa, while 48.7% had not. Awareness varied significantly with age, relationship status, education level, and language. Older men and those with higher education levels were more knowledgeable about PCa. Clinics, hospitals, and media were the primary sources of information. Misconceptions about risk factors were prevalent, with 24.0% of men indicating a preference for traditional healers for PCa symptoms. Barriers to medical help included fear of the disease, procedural fears, and cultural taboos. Multivariate analysis identified significant factors associated with PCa knowledge, including age, language, access to tap water, and cell phone ownership. CONCLUSION: These findings underscore the importance of targeted educational interventions considering sociodemographic and cultural contexts. Future public health initiatives should focus on bridging the gap between traditional and modern medical practices to enhance health outcomes in the Vhembe District and similar settings.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

Survey of curriculum and instruction: continuing education courses in pain control.

Pain and anxiety control is taught at the continuing education level in a large number of diverse courses. This paper reports the results of a survey of those courses offered in 1976. The majority of courses centered on the use of inhalation or intravenous sedation. Relatively few courses were offered on the other aspects of pain and anxiety control. Very little attempt is being made at formally evaluating the competence of participants in these courses. Few courses appear to adequately cover the prevention and management of complications. Based on these findings, changes are suggested in the teaching of pain and anxiety control at the continuing education level.

Anesthesia, Dental↗
PubMed2025

Development and evaluation of a machine learning model for osteoporosis risk prediction in Korean women.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to develop a machine learning (ML) model for classifying osteoporosis in Korean women based on a large-scale population cohort study. This study also aimed to assess ML model performance compared with traditional osteoporosis screening tools. Furthermore, this study aimed to examine the factors influencing the risk of osteoporosis through variable importance. METHODS: Data was collected from 4199 women aged 40-69 years in the baseline survey of the Ansan and Ansung cohort of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Osteoporosis was set as the dependent variable to develop ML classification models. Independent variables included 122 factors related to osteoporosis risk, such as socio-demographic characteristics, anthropometric parameters, lifestyle factors, reproductive factors, nutrient intakes, diet quality indices, medical history, medication history, family history, biochemical parameters, and genetic factors. The six classification models were developed using ML techniques, including decision tree, random forest, multilayer perceptron, support vector machine, light gradient boosting machine, and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). The six ML classification models were compared with two traditional osteoporosis screening tools, including the osteoporosis risk assessment instrument (ORAI) and the osteoporosis self-assessment tool (OST). The ML model performances were evaluated and compared using the confusion matrix and area under the curve (AUC) metrics. Variable importance was assessed using the XGBoost technique to investigate osteoporosis risk factors. RESULTS: The XGBoost model showed the highest performance out of the six ML classification models, with an accuracy of 0.705, precision of 0.664, recall of 0.830, and F1 score of 0.738. Moreover, the XGBoost model showed a higher performance on AUC than ORAI and OST. Variable importance scores were identified for 69 out of the 122 variables associated with osteoporosis risk factors. Age at menopause ranked first in variable importance. Variables of arthritis, physical activities, hypertension, education level, income level; alcohol intake, potassium intake, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; energy intake, vitamin C intake, gout; and dietary inflammatory index ranked in the top 20 out of the 69 variables, using the XGBoost technique. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that an XGBoost model can be utilized to classify osteoporosis in Korean women. Age at menopause is a significant factor in osteoporosis risk, followed by arthritis, physical activities, hypertension, and education level.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

A Dynamic Nomogram to Predict Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) involves multiple metabolic disorders. This study aimed to identify high-risk populations for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in patients with MetS and to establish a dynamic predictive nomogram. METHODS: A total of 627 patients with MetS from six regions in Zhejiang Province were enrolled and categorized into MAFLD and non-MAFLD groups, then randomly assigned to training and validation sets at a ratio of 7:3. Independent predictors of MAFLD were identified using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and multivariable logistic regression analyses. These predictors were then used to construct a dynamic nomogram. RESULTS: A total of 627 patients with MetS were included in the final analysis, of whom 77.0% (483/627) were diagnosed with MAFLD. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), total cholesterol (TC), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), MetS-defined dysglycemia, and education level as independent risk factors for MAFLD. MetS-defined dysglycemia showed the highest odds ratio (OR) for MAFLD development [OR = 1.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07-3.29]. Although the number of MetS components and the metabolic syndrome score were significantly associated with MAFLD in univariate analysis, they were not independently associated with MAFLD in the multivariate model. A dynamic nomogram for predicting MAFLD risk in patients with MetS was developed and internally validated. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.834 (95% CI: 0.787-0.880) in the training set and 0.839 (95% CI: 0.771-0.899) in the validation set, indicating strong predictive performance. Bootstrap internal validation demonstrated good agreement between predicted and observed outcomes in calibration curves. Decision curve analysis further indicated favorable clinical applicability of the nomogram. CONCLUSION: BMI, WC, TC, ALT, MetS-defined dysglycemia, and education level are independent risk factors for MAFLD. A dynamic nomogram for predicting MAFLD risk in patients with MetS was successfully developed and validated.

Humans↗
PubMed2025

Mendelian randomization underscores the importance of clinical nursing in mitigating anxiety and panic attack risks among low-educated populations.

Considering the complex and underexplored interplay between educational attainment (EA) and the prevalence of anxiety and panic attacks, which carries significant societal implications, we have designed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. The primary objective of this research is to elucidate the causal relationship between education level and the risk of anxiety and panic attacks, thereby providing novel insights for clinical and nursing strategies. Our study adheres to the STROBE-MR guidelines and employs a classical two-sample MR analysis to investigate the causal relationship between EA (exposure) and the occurrence of anxiety/panic attacks (outcome). The data for 8 education-related phenotypes, along with anxiety and panic attack outcomes, were sourced from European population-based Genome-wide association studies databases. To ensure robustness, we applied 5 distinct MR analytical methods, supplemented by comprehensive sensitivity analyses, heterogeneity assessments, and evaluations of reverse causality bias to uphold rigorous quality control standards. Our findings, robust across various MR methods and consistent after inverse variance-weighted and false discovery rate (FDR) corrections, indicate a significant association between lower EA and an increased risk of anxiety or panic attacks. Specifically, individuals with no formal qualifications exhibited a higher risk (P-value&#x2005;=&#x2005;.005, OR&#x2005;=&#x2005;1.017, 95% CI&#x2005;=&#x2005;1.005-1.029, FDR&#x2005;=&#x2005;0.011). In contrast, higher levels of education were associated with a reduced risk: College or University degree (P-value&#x2005;<&#x2005;.01, OR&#x2005;=&#x2005;0.989, 95% CI&#x2005;=&#x2005;0.984-0.995, FDR&#x2005;=&#x2005;0.0007), EA (P-value&#x2005;<&#x2005;.01, OR&#x2005;=&#x2005;0.999, 95% CI&#x2005;=&#x2005;0.998-0.9995, FDR&#x2005;=&#x2005;0.0009), and A levels/AS levels or equivalent (P-value&#x2005;=&#x2005;.011, OR&#x2005;=&#x2005;0.988, 95% CI&#x2005;=&#x2005;0.978-0.997, FDR&#x2005;=&#x2005;0.019). These conclusions were consistently supported by at least 4 MR methods and successfully passed all quality control checks. Our study demonstrates a negative correlation between years of education and the risk of anxiety and panic attacks, suggesting that clinical nursing and patient education efforts should prioritize tailored psychological support and patient communication for individuals with lower EA. This population warrants enhanced attention and more compassionate care to mitigate their elevated risk of anxiety-related disorders.

Humans↗
PubMed2025

Education, socioeconomic status, leisure sedentary behaviors and female infertility: mendelian randomization study.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have indicated that education, socioeconomic status, and leisure sedentary behavior may be associated with female infertility. However, it remains unclear whether these associations imply causal relationships. METHODS: Genetic variants from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of education, socioeconomic status, and leisure sedentary behaviors were obtained from the UK Biobank and MRC-IEU database (Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit), female infertility data was acquired from the FinnGen Biobank. Univariable and multivariable MR analyses were performed to explore the relationships between these traits and female infertility. RESULTS: The results of the univariate MR analysis indicated that age of full-time education had a protective effect on female infertility (odds ratio [OR] 0.471; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.24 to 0.93; p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.03). Multivariable MR and reverse MR studies support the existence of a relationship between them. However, no causal correlation was found between other traits and female infertility. No significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy was detected, and the stability of the results was confirmed through sensitivity analysis and the leave-one-out test. CONCLUSIONS: A later age of completion of full-time education may be causally related to a reduced risk of female infertility, but no causality is established between other educational levels factors, socioeconomic status, or sedentary behaviors and infertility risk.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

A comparative systematic review of pharmacist education systems and pharmacy service quality in ASEAN-5: Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, and Singapore.

BACKGROUND: The global transition toward patient-centered pharmaceutical care has exposed structural disparities in ASEAN pharmacy workforce training and deployment. This review examines four research questions: how pharmacy education systems and accreditation standards differ across Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, and Singapore (collectively, the ASEAN-5); the extent to which pre-registration education influences clinical service scope and professional confidence; how education reform and regulatory change have shaped pharmacist clinical roles; and what barriers and enablers exist for regional qualification harmonization. METHODS: A systematic literature review following PRISMA 2020 was conducted. Searches of PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus, supplemented by grey literature, were completed in May 2026. Of 78 unique records screened, 46 studies published between 2005 and 2026 met inclusion criteria. Quality appraisal used an adapted Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool; synthesis employed narrative thematic analysis. RESULTS: The five countries represent four structurally distinct pharmacy education architectures: Thailand's standardized six-year Doctor of Pharmacy with dual specialization tracks; four-year Bachelor of Pharmacy programmes in Malaysia and the Philippines with institutional variation; Indonesia's clinically underdeveloped system despite rapid expansion; and Singapore's four-year Bachelor of Pharmacy followed by a nationally mandated one-year pre-registration pathway. Evidence links deeper clinical training to broader practice scope, higher confidence, and improved patient outcomes. Reform produced uneven results: Thailand's PharmD transition improved clinical recognition but exposed deployment paradoxes; Singapore achieved the strongest training-to-practice alignment; Indonesia's health insurance reforms were not absorbed by an underprepared workforce; the Philippines lacks a national competency framework. No binding mutual recognition arrangement was identified; divergent qualification structures, incompatible accreditation systems, and an asymmetric evidence base remain the primary barriers. DISCUSSION: These findings indicate that clinical service scope is bounded less by national policy ambition than by the depth and clinical orientation of the pre-registration education that precedes it, and that credentialing reforms which outpace a health system's capacity to absorb new clinical roles, or the reverse, do not by themselves translate into expanded practice. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacy education across the ASEAN-5 remains nationally distinct and clinically uneven. Clinical service scope is directly bounded by pre-registration education quality. No country has fully closed the education-practice gap. Regional harmonization requires national-level educational reform as a prerequisite.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Middle income, divorced female heads of families: their lifestyles, health and stress levels.

Forty-five, French-Canadian female heads of families with adequate incomes and high educational levels were identified through newspaper ads. At time of interview, the subjects had been separated or divorced for from one to three years. Interviews showed that, unlike previous reports of divorced women and female heads of families, this group enjoyed relatively good health and normal stress levels, and were generally positive about being head of the family. Among the positive changes, the majority emphasized their greater autonomy, freedom, and sense of selfhood. Some mentioned improved relations with their children. On the negative side, loneliness, absence of the father (particularly for their sons), and limited social lives were most often mentioned. It was concluded that the role of head of family is perfectly acceptable for many economically viable women, though not necessarily ideal.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Interpretation studies of intraoral roentgenograms by stomatology students].

Seven copies of intra-oral radiographs with typical informations were presented to 603 students for interpretation; of these, 547 were dental students of various years of study, and 56 (reference group) were medical students. It was found that the correct interpretation of radiographs depends upon the student's educational level as well as upon the degree of difficulty. From the results obtained, the authors draw conclusions as to the education of dental students in radiology, emphasis being on seminars in the interpretation of radiographs.

Education, Dental↗