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Results for “dietary supplementation”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Cadmium-induced fetal growth retardation in mice and the effects of dietary supplements of zinc, copper, iron and selenium.

Many of the toxic effects of cadmium can be prevented by prior or simultaneous administration of either zinc, copper, iron or selenium. The aim of this investigation was to determine whether cadmium-induced fetal growth retardation in the mouse could be prevented, or reduced, by dietary supplementation with salts of these elements. Pregnant mice, receiving either distilled water to drink or distilled water containing 40 ppm cadmium, were fed, throughout pregnancy, a normal stock mouse diet supplemented with either zinc (200, 400 or 800 ppm), copper (30, 100 or 400 ppm), iron (200 or 1,000 ppm) or selenium (0.05, 2, 20 or 200 ppm). Also included was a control group which did not receive cadmium or dietary supplements. The animals were killed on the 19th day of pregnancy and the fetuses removed and weighed. The results showed that the iron supplemented diets gave partial protection against the cadmium-induced growth retardation; the other diets were ineffective.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Influence of supplemental dietary fat on the relative proportions of three classes of lipid in the epiphyseal cartilage of dwarf and non-dwarf chicks.

One hundred and forty-four day-old chicks were allotted to six groups in a 2 x 3 factorial design involving two strains (dwarf, dw and non-dwarf, Dw+) and three levels of supplemental dietary fat (none, moderate and high). The birds were killed at four weeks of age. The overall weight gain and the total lipid content, amount of neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids in the epiphyseal cartilage of the tibia were examined. Supplemental dietary fat resulted in improved weight gain, with the non-dwarfs showing a greater increase. There was no change in total lipid in epiphyseal cartilage with different levels of dietary fat. Increase in dietary fat elicited, in both strains of birds, an increase in the proportion of glycolipids and a concomitant decrease in the proportion of neutral lipids and no change in that of phospholipids. That the stimulatory effect of dietary fat on growth was exerted through an increase in glycolipids at the site of calcification is suggested.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Comparative analysis of rumen metagenomes with dietary supplementation of 3-nitrooxypropanol revealed divergent modes of action in hydrogen metabolism and reductant pathways between beef and dairy cattle.

BACKGROUND: The compound 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP), an inhibitor of methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR), reduces enteric methane production in both beef and dairy cattle. Although the proposed mechanisms of 3-NOP involve on inhibiting the activity of MCR in vivo, it is unknown how this process could affect rumen microbiome as a whole and if it differs between beef and dairy cattle. This study conducted a comparative analysis of the rumen microbiome and its functional shifts in four different cattle studies (two beef and two dairy cattle studies) that evaluated 3-NOP supplementation using metataxonomics and metagenomics. RESULTS: Comparative analysis of 281 rumen metataxonomic datasets (143 beef and 138 dairy cattle) revealed that dietary supplementation with 3-NOP affected rumen bacteria and methanogens. Further, comparative analysis of 54 metagenomic datasets (24 beef and 30 dairy cattle) revealed that 3-NOP inhibited mcrA, decreased the abundances of Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii and the protozoal species Isotricha prostoma, while increased the abundances of Methanobrevibacter ruminantium and Methanosphaera sp., Prevotella sp. was a significant bacterial taxon in both beef and dairy cattle, contributing to various pathways such as propionate and butyrate production. Its increased abundance after 3-NOP supplementation may also be linked to the decrease in Isotricha prostoma. Hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis decreased after 3-NOP supplementation with the abundance of genes involved in methylenetetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase decreased in beef cattle, while that of 4Fe-4S ferredoxin gene decreased in dairy cattle. The abundance of protozoal Polyplastron multivesiculatum increased after long-term 3-NOP supplementation in beef cattle, potentially due to changes in hydrogen (H2) partial pressure. During 3-NOP-mediated methanogenesis reduction, abundance of genes encoding methanogenic hydrogenase and H2 producing hydrogenase were decreased, while those encoding H2 sensory hydrogenase increased. Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase gene involved in propionate and butyrate production pathways increased in both beef and dairy cattle, while nitrite reductase increased specifically in beef cattle, indicating a rise in alternative H2 sinks. Video Abstract CONCLUSION: Our findings revealed broad effects of 3-NOP on rumen microbiome and functions in vivo, with varied effects in beef and dairy cattle, which provide mechanistic insights into the supplementation of 3-NOP in both beef and dairy cattle, supporting its more sustainable and effective use in the future.

Metagenome↗
PubMed1979

Effect of dietary supplementation of vitamin E on serum lipids and lipoproteins in rabbits fed a cholesterolemic diet.

The effect of dietary supplementation of vitamin E on serum cholsterol, triglycerides, lipoproteins and lipoprotein composition was studied in rabbits fed a one per cent cholesterol diet for a period of twelve weeks. Vitamin E supplemented animals were found to maintain significantly lower concentrations of serum cholesterol, triglycerides and very low density lipoproteins (d less than 1.006). The difference in the serum lipid content was mainly in the very low density lipoproteins of d less than 1.006. The possibility of an increased clearance of chylomicron remnants and decreased inhibition of extrahepatic lipoprotein lipase in hypercholesterolemic rabbits as a result of vitamin E supplementation is discussed in the light of the results obtained.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Effect of dietary supplementation of iron and ascorbic acid on lead toxicity in rats.

In our laboratory, the protective and therapeutic effects of surplus dietary iron and ascorbic acid on cadmium toxicity in rats have been studied and in this experiment, an effect of surplus iron and ascorbic acid on lead toxicity was examined. In young rats ingesting a diet containing 500 ppm of lead, growth retardation and anemia were observed. Suplementation of 400 ppm of iron and 1% of ascorbic acid to the lead containing diet prevented the growth depression and anemia and caused reductions of concentrations of lead in the kidney and tibia. Whereas, addition of 50 ppm of cadmium to the lead containing diet aggravated the growth retardation and anemia, but reduced the concentrations of lead in the kidney and tibia. Dietary supplementation of iron to the lead containing diet prevented the growth depression and anemia and reduced the accumulation of lead in the kidney, however the supplementation of ascorbic acid alone did not show any ameliolative effects. Rats were fed the lead containing diet and then transferred to the basal diet with or without iron and ascorbic acid. Recoveries from the growth retardation and anemia were not observed in rats within a week after the transfer to the non-lead diet with or without iron and ascorbic acid. These results suggest that iron prevents the growth depression and anemia in rats ingesting lead by an inhibition of lead asborption.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Influence of short term dietary supplementation of different lipids on aggregation and arachidonic acid metabolism in rabbit platelets.

Semisynthetic diets containing 8% by weight of either corn oil or butter were fed to male New Zealand rabbits for three weeks. The plasma cholesterol values were determined, the threshold concentrations for aggregation of platelet rich plasmas were measured for collagen and Na arachidonate, and the conversion of 14C arachidonic acid to thromboxane B2 and hydroxy fatty acids (HETE and HHT) at 10, 20 and 40 microM substrate concentrations were studied. The thresholds for arachidonate induced aggregation were lower and the amplitudes of collagen induced aggregations were greater in the butter fed than in the corn oil fed rabbits. Conversions of arachidonic acid to thromboxane B2 but not to hydroxy fatty acids were greater in the butter fed rabbits at 10 and 20 microM substrate. The observed changes were accompanied by only slight modifications of plasma cholesterol levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Urea as a dietary supplement for humans.

Use of urea as a nonprotein supplement in the feeding of beef cattle and other ruminant animals is a technique of practical application. Urea has also been used in human feeding studies. Its early employment was that of an added source of amino nitrogen in studies designed to determine minimum requirements of the essential amino acid. Later studies suggested that it's inclusion in diet containing sub-optimal amounts of protein supplied by various food product could result in the establishment of apparent improvement in protein nutriture. Other studies indicate that urea is not unique in this ability but is only one of many possible sources of amino nitrogen and is actually one of the least effective. Known and potential hazzards definitely prohibit the use of urea supplements to food products other than in research or clinical laboratories at the present time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Effects of hyperparathyroidism and dietary calcium supplementation on bone healing.

Effects of nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism and dietary calcium supplementation on bone healing were determined. Groups (n = 4) of 5 mature male dogs each were fed the following diets: group 1, control diet (0.48% Ca, 0.43% P); group 2, test diet (0.12% Ca, 1.14% P): group 3, control diet plus calcium; group 4, test diet plus calcium. The dietary calcium supplementation was calcium gluconate. Lesions were induced in the right tibial cortex by trephinization. Within the time limitations of this study, it was determined that nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism does not inhibit bone healing and that dietary calcium supplementation does not aid bone healing.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1979

Inhibitory effect of dietary arginine on growth of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in mice.

The effect of dietary L-arginine on the growth and development of transplantable Ehrlich Ascites tumor cells was examined. Growth of tumor bearing mice was significantly inhibited by feeding a purified casein diet supplemented with 5% arginine. This diet significantly reduced the total number of free tumor cells growing in the peritoneal cavity of mice. Total free tumor cell RNA, DNA, and protein were also significantly reduced. Supplemental arginine approximately doubled the length of time for 50% death of tumor bearing mice. Arginine did not alter respiration as measured by glucose or citrate oxidation. Varying the concentration of supplemental dietary arginine revealed that 3% arginine also significantly retarded the growth of Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells. Tumor ornithine decarboxylase activities were significantly reduced by dietary arginine supplementation. Supplemental dietary arginine at 3 or 5% did not significantly affect the growth of non-tumor bearing mice. Dietary arginine may play a critical role in growth of normal as well as neoplastic tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed2025

Consumption of traditional Sardinian fermented milk promotes changes in the rat gut microbiota composition and functions.

BACKGROUND: Fermented milk products are part of the staple diet for many Mediterranean populations. Most of these traditional foods are enriched with lactobacilli and other lactic acid bacteria, as well as with metabolites resulting from lactose fermentation. Currently, there is very little scientific knowledge on how dietary supplementation with fermented milk affects the composition of the gut microbiota and its metabolic activities. RESULTS: We integrated 16 S rRNA gene-based taxonomic profiling with metaproteomics-based functional analysis to investigate gut microbiota changes in rats exposed to an 8-week dietary supplementation with casu axedu, a traditional fermented milk produced within rural communities in Sardinia (Italy). Several microbial taxa showed a significantly increased abundance at the end of the dietary treatment, including Phascolarctobacterium, Prevotella, Blautia glucerasea, and Lactococcus lactis, while Bacteroides dorei and Helicobacter rodentium were decreased compared to the control rats. Metaproteomic analysis highlighted a striking reshaping of the Prevotella proteome in agreement with its blooming in casu axedu-fed animals, suggesting an increase of the glycolytic activity through the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway over the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. Moreover, an increased production of enzymes involved in succinate biosynthesis was observed, which in turn significantly boosted the abundance of Phascolarctobacterium and its production of propionate. Fermented milk consumption also promoted microbial synthesis of branched chain essential amino acids L-valine and L-leucine. Finally, metaproteomic data indicated a reduction of bacterial virulence factors and host inflammatory markers, suggesting that the consumption of casu axedu can have beneficial effects on the gut mucosa health. CONCLUSIONS: Our integrated multi-omics approach reveals that dietary supplementation with the traditional Sardinian fermented milk, casu axedu, induces significant shifts in the rat gut microbiota composition and function, characterized by the enrichment of beneficial taxa and metabolic pathways associated with improved gut health and reduced inflammation.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The effect of dietary fat supplements on cholesterol metabolism in ruminants.

The serum cholesterol on ruminant animals rises when supplemental fat is fed in a form that ensures the absorption of long-chain fatty acids. The effects of these fat supplements on cholesterol metabolism have been studied in sheep and goats. The proximal part of the small intestine was the major site of sterol synthesis in sheep. Supplementing the diet with fat significantly enhanced sterolgenesis in the small intestine both in vivo and in vitro, whereas in vitro sterolgenesis appeared to be suppressed in the liver. Increased intestinal sterolgenesis was seen with several varieties of fat, but was greatest when palm oil was fed. The reciprocal findings in the intestine and liver may reflect the increased requirement for cholesterol for the transport of triglyceride in chylomicrons and the secondary inhibiting effect of this cholesterol on sterol synthesis in the liver. Dietary fat supplementation did not alter the excretion of neutral steroids in the feces of goats but did not cause a marked reduction in the excretion of acidic steroids which may have been due to the decreased formation of sterols in the liver. In two lactating goats in which an injection of [14C] cholesterol was followed by daily intraruminal administration of labeled cholesterol, fat supplementation lowered the specific radioactivity of cholesterol in alimentary particles and in milk, being consistent with an increase in intestinally synthesized cholesterol. The hypercholesterolemia that develops in fat-fed ruminants appears to be primarily due to an increased intestinal biosynthesis of cholesterol but may also be partly due to a decreased fecal excretion of bile acids.

Acetates↗
PubMed2026

Maternal Intake of Vitamins A, C, D, and E During Pregnancy and Risk of Type 1 Diabetes in the Child: The Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Dietary vitamins play a role in antioxidant defense and immunoregulation. However, prospective studies exploring the association between vitamin intakes during pregnancy and the child's risk of type 1 diabetes are limited. OBJECTIVES: This population-based prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the association between maternal intake of vitamins A, C, D, and E during pregnancy and risk of type 1 diabetes in children. METHODS: We included 85,244 children born between 2002 and 2009 in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, with follow-up until 31 December, 2021. Maternal intake of vitamins from food and dietary supplements from conception to the 22nd week of pregnancy was assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs), adjusting for background factors. RESULTS: During follow-up, 529 (0.6%) children were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes at a mean age of 9.4 y (standard deviation: 4.1 y) No associations were observed between maternal pregnancy intake of vitamin A [HR: 0.993; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.983, 1.003/100 μg], vitamin C (HR: 1.000; 95% CI: 0.993, 1.007/10 mg), vitamin D (HR: 0.991; 95% CI: 0.978, 1.003/1 μg), or vitamin E (HR: 0.999; 95% CI: 0.996, 1.004/10 mg) and risk of type 1 diabetes in the child when adjusted for potential confounders. The results were similar when intakes were assessed separately from food and dietary supplements and after restriction to children with human leukocyte antigen DQ2 and/or DQ8 risk haplotypes. CONCLUSIONS: This prospective cohort study does not support the hypothesis that higher maternal intake of vitamins A, C, D, and E during pregnancy would decrease risk of type 1 diabetes in the child. Corroborated with previous evidence, our findings support a general pattern of null associations.

Humans↗