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PubMed2026

Transcriptome analysis of the pectoral fin degeneration in half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis).

Appendage degeneration is a notable morphological feature of some teleosts with specialized benthic lifestyles. The half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) undergoes severe pectoral fin regression during metamorphosis. However, the molecular basis underlying rapid pectoral fin degeneration remains unclear. Here, we performed time-series transcriptome sequencing on pectoral fins at pre-metamorphosis, metamorphosis peak and post-metamorphosis to characterize the molecular changes associated with pectoral fin degeneration. Transcriptional dynamics and functional enrichment showed that no significant enrichment of classical apoptosis-related transcriptional pathways was detected during pectoral fin degeneration. Instead, sustained downregulation of twist1b, identified as a transcriptomic candidate, together with significant upregulation of ssh1, coupled with enrichment of lysosome and ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) pathways, suggested enhanced tissue remodeling during pectoral fin degeneration. Temporal expression clustering revealed heterochronic misalignment in the developmental gene expression: upstream initiator tbx5 was upregulated at early metamorphosis, while downstream maintenance signal fgf10 decreased synchronously. Distal patterning gene hoxd12a exhibited premature expression and rapid decay, losing sustained late-phase expression. Moreover, transient elevation of gli3 during metamorphosis may contribute to restricted distal fin growth. We conclude that pectoral fin degeneration in C. semilaevis is associated with heterochronic disruption of developmental signaling and extensive tissue remodeling. This study provides transcriptomic insights into pectoral fin degeneration in tongue soles and establishes a basis for future functional studies of appendage reduction in teleosts.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Reducing state anxiety with alpha-frequency transcranial alternating current stimulation.

BACKGROUND: Anxiety reactivity to acute stress is a transdiagnostic vulnerability factor. We tested whether a single session of alpha-frequency transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) targeting the frontoparietal control network reduces stress-evoked state anxiety in healthy adults. METHODS: In a randomized, blinded, sham-controlled study, 42 participants (mean age 58.9 years) completed an acute stress task before and after stimulation. The task was an adapted moving-circles paradigm in which circle collisions triggered a brief aversive event (mild electric shock plus unpleasant noise and a white flash). Active stimulation consisted of 20 min of 10-Hz tACS (2.0 mA/channel; 30-s ramp up/down) delivered via electrodes at F3, P3, Cz, and T7 (0° phase at F3/P3; 180° at Cz/T7). Sham stimulation used the same montage and ramp periods but no sustained current. RESULTS: State anxiety showed a significant Time × Protocol interaction (F(1,35) = 4.22, p = .047): STAI-S decreased after active tACS (Δ = -3.16) but increased slightly after sham (Δ = +1.17). Perceived stress appraisal (SAAS) did not change. Resting-state alpha power at F3/P3 showed no reliable pre-post effects. During the task, left-frontal relative alpha differed by protocol and showed a trend toward larger increases following active tACS. Electrodermal and pupil indices changed across sessions in both groups, with no differential stimulation effects. CONCLUSIONS: A single alpha-tACS session produced a modest, selective reduction in stress-evoked state anxiety, supporting oscillatory neuromodulation as a scalable approach to dampen anxiety reactivity.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Stroke risk following BNT162b2 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis of self-controlled case series studies.

INTRODUCTION: Whether BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccination increases stroke risk remains a public health concern. This is the first meta-analysis to synthesize self-controlled case series (SCCS)-derived stroke risk estimates specifically for BNT162b2 vaccination. METHODS: PubMed and Embase were searched from inception through 9 May 2026, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Eight eligible SCCS studies were pooled using a random-effects model with restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimation and the Knapp-Hartung adjustment. RESULTS: Eight studies across six countries encompassing several million vaccinated individuals were included. The pooled incidence rate ratio (IRR) was 0.967 (95% CI 0.892-1.049; I2 = 69.2%), indicating no statistically significant increase in stroke risk. Subgroup analyses showed no evidence of effect modification across continent, risk-window length, dose category, SCCS variant, or age group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide no evidence of increased short-term stroke risk following BNT162b2 vaccination at the population level. The observed heterogeneity appeared to be partly driven by methodological differences rather than true biological variation in vaccine effect.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Enhancement of secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene photooxidation by ammonia.

Ammonia (NH3) can participate in atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation by reacting with organic acids and carbonyl compounds in particle phase, but its influence on the gas phase chemistry remains unclear. This study performed a series of smog chamber experiments to investigate the influence of NH3 on the formation of SOA from isoprene photooxidation by OH radicals. Both gas and particle phase products were measured with a series of state-of- art instruments including a nitrate ion chemical ionization mass spectrometer (nitrate-CIMS) and high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-TOF-AMS). Our results showed that in the presence of NH3 SOA in the chamber significantly increased, along with an enhanced oxidation of isoprene. CIMS analysis further showed that NH3 in the chamber homogeneously reacts not only with gas-phase organic acids but also with gaseous low volatility oxygenated organic molecules (OOMs) to generate extremely low volatility and ultralow volatility NH3-OOMs clusters. Quantum chemical calculation showed that NH3 can spontaneously interact with OOMs to form NH3-OOMs clusters by forming hydrogen bonds with RCOOH, R-OOH, and R-OH. These clusters can promote new particles formation and particle growth through nucleation and condensation, directly enhancing the isoprene SOA production with a contribution of 78% to the enhanced SOA. Moreover, the formation of NH3-OOMs clusters also results in more isoprene consumed by OH radicals, indirectly increasing the SOA production with a contribution of 22 % to the enhanced SOA. Our work for the first time clarified a synergetic effect of NH3 on isoprene SOA formation, which should be accounted for by models.

Aerosols↗
PubMed2026

Complication rates of 16- and 18-gauge needles for native kidney biopsies: a systematic review and proportional meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated complication rates and diagnostic yield reported in studies of adult native kidney biopsy using 16-gauge (16 G) or 18-gauge (18 G) needles. We included randomized trials and cohort studies of real-time ultrasound-guided biopsies, including case series. MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL were searched through October 2024. Two reviewers independently performed study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment using Joanna Briggs Institute tools. Random-effects meta-analyses estimated pooled proportions with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and univariable random-effects meta-regression explored study-level associations with major complications, transfusion, or gross hematuria. We screened 4,499 titles and abstracts and reviewed 319 full-text articles; 62 studies comprising 68 biopsy series were included. The pooled major complication rate in studies using 16 G needles was 1.83% (95% CI: 1.20-2.79) and 1.29% (95% CI: 0.78-2.13) in studies using 18 G needles, with no statistically significant difference. Mean glomerular yield was 18.8 with 16 G and 17.5 with 18 G needles. In study-level meta-regression, studies with higher prevalence of acute kidney injury, lower mean estimated glomerular filtration rate, or lower mean hemoglobin reported higher pooled complication rates. Most studies were single-arm cohorts; between-needle differences therefore reflect indirect study-level contrasts. Interpretation is limited by retrospective design and heterogeneity across studies. Overall, studies using both needle sizes reported low complication rates and similar diagnostic yield, although definitions and reporting varied. Direct comparative studies are needed to determine whether meaningful differences exist.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Approaches to observational study designs and analytical options to evaluate the safety of multi-dose vaccines: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Observational studies require careful considerations when evaluating the safety of multidose vaccines. We reviewed design and analytical approaches in observational studies evaluating the safety of multidose vaccines in the post-licensure phase. METHODS: EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus (2018-2022) were searched for hypothesis-testing studies evaluating the safety of multidose vaccines. Key features from frequently used designs were extracted. RESULTS: Among 123 eligible studies, cohort (46%) and self-controlled case series (SCCS)/self-controlled risk interval (SCRI) (40%) followed by case-control (12%) were the most common designs, and 15% of studies used multiple designs. Among cohort studies evaluating multiple doses, vaccination date (36%) and cohort entry with time-updated exposure status (32%) were frequent approaches used to define time zero. Twenty-eight percent of cohort studies did not report time zero; all but one evaluated COVID-19 vaccine effect on post-delivery and fertility-related outcomes. For SCCS/SCRI, 64% of studies accounted for event-dependent exposures, mainly by including pre-exposure periods (53%) and modified SCCS model (48%), while 20% employed multiple correction strategies. Among studies using multiple designs, 68% reached consistent conclusions. CONCLUSIONS: SCCS/SCRI and cohort designs dominate multidose vaccine safety studies. Clear reporting on time zero in pregnancy and fertility-related cohort studies, and on addressing event-dependent exposures in SCCS/SCRI studies is needed, along with guidance on interpreting results from multiple designs.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Uncovering molecular regulatory networks of low-temperature stress response in Trachinotus ovatus via integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses.

Golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) is one of the most economically important marine fish species in China. It is susceptible to low-temperature stress, which significantly challenges its production and supply. Nevertheless, study on the regulatory mechanisms underlying low-temperature stress responses in golden pompano remains limited. Here, we firstly performed a time-series transcriptome analysis to reconstruct dynamic response patterns under low-temperature stress in golden pompano. Transcriptome profiling identified common differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including fos, hlf, and hmgb1, as well as condition-specific DEGs across distinct low-temperature stress groups. Based on cluster analysis, all DEGs were classified into five distinct expression patterns, reflecting diversified regulation of expression in golden pompano during low-temperature stress. Furthermore, condition-specific regulatory modules were explored via weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), highlighting that the two module hub genes, serbf2 and lipc, might respond to low-temperature stress by regulating the lipid catabolic process. Subsequently, untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that glycerophospholipid metabolism was a significantly enriched common pathway, highlighting its crucial role in mediating the response to low-temperature stress. Finally, by integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, a gene-metabolite interaction network associated with glycerophospholipid metabolism under low-temperature stress was established. These findings underscore the significance of multiple candidate genes and glycerophospholipid metabolism in golden pompano's response to low-temperature stress, thereby laying a solid molecular foundation for the development of low-temperature-tolerant fish strains.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in functional motor disorders: A systematic review of effects and targets.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and potential mechanistic implications of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in adults with functional motor disorders (FMD), focusing on possible phenotype-specific responses and stimulation protocols. METHODS: Seven databases were searched from inception to July 2026. Randomised and non-randomised interventional studies were included. Risk of bias and evidence certainty were assessed using PEDro, RoB 2, JBI tools, and GRADE. Because of substantial clinical and methodological heterogeneity, findings were synthesised qualitatively. RESULTS: Fourteen studies were included. The primary motor cortex was targeted in 11 studies. Functional tremor showed the most consistent evidence with inhibitory stimulation: one small sham-controlled trial found a significant group-by-time effect on tremor severity (p = 0.007), while an uncontrolled prospective series reported 40 % reduction in postural tremor amplitude (p = 0.05). Evidence for functional weakness was conflicting: excitatory M1 stimulation increased objective strength by 25 % versus 10 % with sham (p = 0.004), whereas the largest inhibitory sham-controlled trial found no benefit (p = 0.80). No severe adverse events were reported, but safety reporting was incomplete. GRADE certainty was moderate for tremor and very low for all other outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence is insufficient to establish the efficacy of rTMS in FMD or to recommend phenotype-specific protocols. Preliminary findings support further investigation of inhibitory stimulation for functional tremor, whereas evidence for excitatory stimulation in functional weakness remains uncertain. SIGNIFICANCE: The possible interaction between phenotype and stimulation direction is hypothesis-generating. rTMS should currently be considered an experimental, context-sensitive adjunct within multidisciplinary care, pending adequately powered phenotype-stratified sham-controlled trials. Prospero Registration Number: CRD420251250969.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

The emerging applications of JAK inhibitors in dermatology - a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are established treatments for selected dermatologic conditions, but their off-label use has expanded across refractory skin diseases. METHODS: We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to October 1, 2025, for studies reporting off-label JAK inhibitor use in dermatologic disorders beyond approved or late-phase trial indications. RESULTS: Of 9,182 records screened, 277 studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 210 case reports, 55 case series, and 12 retrospective studies involving 764 patients. Owing to substantial clinical heterogeneity, findings were narratively synthesized using a structured disease-family framework. Off-label use most commonly involved lichenoid, neutrophilic, and granulomatous dermatoses. Overall, 725/764 (94.88%) patients experienced clinical benefit, including complete or near-complete response in 209/764 (27.35%) and significant or partial improvement in 516/764 (67.53%). Thirty-five patients (4.58%) showed no clinical change, and four (0.52%) experienced disease worsening. A total of 154 adverse events were reported, most commonly with tofacitinib; most were mild to moderate, although six were serious and 25 resulted in treatment discontinuation. CONCLUSION: JAK inhibitors demonstrate promising therapeutic potential across a broad spectrum of refractory dermatological diseases. The predominance of uncontrolled case-based evidence, heterogeneous dosing, and frequent combination therapy limits attribution of efficacy and safety to JAK inhibitor monotherapy. Prospective controlled studies are needed to better define their therapeutic role.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Safety and immunogenicity of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine administered to adults: A phase 2, randomized, active-controlled trial.

We conducted a phase 2, randomized, active-controlled, observer-blind study (NCT05960097) among healthy adults ≥18 y of age who completed a primary COVID-19 mRNA vaccination series, with or without a booster, ≥3 months earlier. Participants were randomized (1:1:1:1:1) to either receive an investigational bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccine encoding ancestral D614G and Omicron BA.4-5 spike proteins (CV0701 mRNA vaccine) at one of three dose levels, an investigational monovalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccine encoding the Omicron BA.4-5 spike protein (CV0601 mRNA vaccine), or a licensed Original Wuhan/Omicron BA.4-5 bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. The primary objectives were to evaluate reactogenicity, safety and immunogenicity post-vaccination. Secondary and tertiary objectives were to further evaluate humoral and cell-mediated immunity post-vaccination. In total, 425 participants were vaccinated and 381 were included in the Day 29 per-protocol immunogenicity analysis. Most solicited events were mild to moderate. No vaccine-related serious adverse events or myocarditis/pericarditis cases were reported. For the CV0701 mRNA vaccine, a dose-dependent increase in Day 29 neutralizing titers against ancestral D614G and Omicron BA.4-5 was observed. Neutralizing titers against ancestral D614G and Omicron BA.4-5 declined by Days 91 and 181, but remained above baseline. Similar immune responses were observed for the CV0601 mRNA vaccine. At Day 8, CD4+ T cells (Th1 profile) increased in all study groups and CD8+ T cells increased in all study groups, except the lowest CV0701 dose group. The CV0701 and CV0601 mRNA vaccines elicited robust humoral and cellular immunity with an acceptable safety profile, comparable to a licensed, bivalent mRNA vaccine. Clinical Trial Registration EU CT number: 2023-504596-25-00 ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05960097.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Safety of a quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenACYW-TT) administered concomitantly with routine pediatric vaccines in healthy infants and toddlers in USA and Puerto Rico: Results from a Phase III, randomized, active-controlled study.

MenACYW-TT, a quadrivalent meningococcal tetanus toxoid-conjugate vaccine, is approved for prevention of invasive meningococcal disease in infants ≥ 6 weeks of age in the USA. This Phase III study (NCT03673462; September 17, 2018 - March 16, 2023) evaluated the safety of MenACYW-TT compared with a licensed quadrivalent meningococcal oligosaccharide diphtheria CRM197-conjugate vaccine (MenACWY-CRM) when administered concomitantly with routine pediatric vaccines in healthy infants and toddlers in a four-dose series (3+1 schedule). Participants were randomized 3:1 to receive MenACYW-TT (Group 1; n = 2080) or MenACWY-CRM (Group 2; n = 697) at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months of age, with concomitant administration of routine pediatric vaccines (DTaP5-IPV/Hib, PCV13, rotavirus, hepatitis B, MMR, and varicella vaccines). Safety assessments included immediate unsolicited adverse events within 30 minutes post-vaccination, solicited injection site and systemic reactions within 7d, unsolicited AEs within 30d, serious adverse events (SAEs) including adverse events of special interest (AESIs), and medically attended adverse events (MAAEs) throughout the study. MenACYW-TT and MenACWY-CRM were overall well tolerated, and safety profiles were comparable. Solicited injection site reactions occurred in 84.9% and 84.6% of participants in Groups 1 and 2, respectively; solicited systemic reactions in 87.1% and 88.2%, respectively. During the entire study, 5.2% in Group 1 and 3.0% in Group 2 experienced at least one SAE; 0.9% and 0.1%, respectively, reported at least one AESI. Three deaths occurred in Group 1. All SAEs, AESIs, and deaths were unrelated to study vaccines. This study supports the safety profile of MenACYW-TT in infants and toddlers aged ≥ 6 weeks.Study registration: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03673462; EudraCT: 2019-004459-35.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2026

A novel peptide encoded by circTLL1 drives osimertinib resistance in lung cancer by modulating the NT5C2/Ras/PI3K axis.

BACKGROUND: Acquired resistance to osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, remains a major clinical challenge in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been increasingly implicated in drug resistance, most studies have focused on their canonical role as microRNA sponges, while their capacity to encode functional micropeptides remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to identify novel circRNAs involved in osimertinib resistance and to characterize their regulatory functions at the protein level. METHODS: Osimertinib-resistant (OR) NSCLC cell lines were established and validated. High-throughput RNA sequencing was performed to compare the circRNA expression profiles between parental and OR cells. The function of the candidate circRNA was assessed through a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments, including cell viability assays, apoptosis analysis, and xenograft mouse models. Mechanistic investigations involved mass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation and western blotting to explore its protein-coding potential and downstream signaling pathways. RESULTS: We identified a novel circRNA, termed circTLL1, that was stably and significantly upregulated in OR-NSCLC cells. Functionally, overexpression of circTLL1 promoted osimertinib resistance, whereas its knockdown restored drug sensitivity both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we discovered that circTLL1 harbors an open reading frame (ORF) that is translated into a novel 90-amino-acid protein, which we designated circTLL1-90aa. Further investigation revealed that circTLL1-90aa directly interacts with and promotes the degradation of 5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II (NT5C2), thereby uncoupling nucleotide metabolism from its normal regulatory constraints. The consequent downregulation of NT5C2 leads to elevated GTP levels and leading to the sustained activation of the downstream Ras/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: Our findings unveil a previously unrecognized circRNA/micropeptide/metabolism cascade underlying osimertinib resistance. The identification of the circTLL1-90aa/NT5C2/Ras/PI3K axis not only expands the functional repertoire of the non-coding genome but also provides new insights into the complexity of drug resistance. Given its selective upregulation in resistant cells, circTLL1-90aa holds promise both as a predictive biomarker for treatment stratification and as an actionable therapeutic target, offering a novel strategy to overcome osimertinib resistance in NSCLC patients.

Pyrimidines↗
PubMed2026

Evaluation of Physical and Mental Workload and Transfusion Time in Trauma Resuscitation.

BACKGROUND: Trauma resuscitation is time sensitive and complex. Whole blood (WB) and blood components are standard treatments for trauma related hemorrhage, yet their nursing workload and transfusion time have not been well evaluated. PURPOSE: To assess feasibility of a simulation-based crossover trial and obtain preliminary estimates comparing nursing workload and transfusion completion time between WB and blood component administration. METHODS: A randomized crossover pilot study using in situ simulation was conducted with experienced trauma nurses. Time-motion analysis measured transfusion completion time, and the National Aeronautical and Space Administration Task Load Index assessed workload domains. RESULTS: Strong feasibility was demonstrated across recruitment, retention, adherence, and completion. WB was associated with significantly shorter transfusion time, lower overall workload and mental demand, less effort, and better perceived performance. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the feasibility and justify a fully powered trial. WB may improve resuscitation efficiency and reduce cognitive burden, with potential implications for patient outcomes and nursing workflow.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Examining early-phase symptom trajectories in interpersonal psychotherapy versus antidepressant medication for adults with depression: A dynamic time warp network analysis.

BACKGROUND: Depression is characterized by substantial symptom heterogeneity, which is often concealed when examining total severity scores. Analyzing symptom-level change can improve our understanding of treatment effects and recovery processes. This study, therefore, examined dynamic symptom networks during early-phase interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant treatment, assessing patterns of symptom change across as well as differences between treatments. METHODS: Using weekly item-level Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) data from a randomized clinical trial comparing IPT and SSRIs for adults with depression, this preregistered study examined symptom trajectories in the first six weeks of treatment with Dynamic Time Warping (DTW). RESULTS: Depressive symptom trajectories and DTW-based symptom networks were largely similar for IPT and SSRI. In both conditions, changes in somatic symptoms of anxiety and middle insomnia tended to precede improvements in depressed mood. CONCLUSIONS: Early symptom change may occur outside the core affective domain, underscoring the importance of monitoring symptoms broadly. Symptom-level patterns may reflect patients' stage of recovery and provide clinically relevant information beyond total severity scores. The absence of differences in improvement patterns between IPT and SSRI suggest few indications for treatment selection based on baseline symptom profiles. Future research should replicate and extend these findings to subsequent treatment phases using more frequent assessments and a broader range of interventions.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Effects of intensive lifestyle interventions with calorie-carbohydrate-restricted diet versus time-restricted eating on appetite and binge eating in type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial.

The impact of intensive lifestyle interventions on appetite regulation and binge eating in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear. This study evaluated the effects of combined lifestyle interventions on appetite responses and binge eating in overweight or obese adults with T2D. In a randomized trial, 120 participants with T2D were allocated to three groups (n&#xa0;=&#xa0;40 each): (1) Calorie-carbohydrate restriction (CCR), (2) Time-restricted eating with CCR (TRE&#xa0;+&#xa0;CCR), or (3) Control. Intervention groups received structured exercise and behavioral education based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model. Appetite perceptions (hunger, satiety, desire to eat, and prospective food consumption) and binge eating (Binge Eating Scale; BES and objective binge episodes) were evaluated at baseline, week 12, and week 24 using linear mixed models. Both CCR and TRE&#xa0;+&#xa0;CCR significantly improved subjective appetite compared with the control group at 12 and 24 weeks (all p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.01). At 24 weeks, hunger decreased by -24.1&#x202f;mm (95% CI: -35.8, -12.5) in the CCR group and -32.7&#x202f;mm (95% CI: -44.2, -21.3) in the TRE&#xa0;+&#xa0;CCR group. Satiety also increased by 21.7&#x202f;mm (95% CI: 9.46, 33.9) and 29.4&#x202f;mm (95% CI: 17.4, 41.4), respectively. Significant reductions were observed for desire to eat and prospective food consumption. In contrast, changes in BES and objective binge episodes were not significantly different between groups at any time point. No significant differences were detected between the CCR and the TRE&#xa0;+&#xa0;CCR groups. Intensive lifestyle interventions incorporating CCR or TRE&#xa0;+&#xa0;CCR effectively reduced appetite in adults with T2D but did not significantly affect binge eating. Future research should target individuals with higher baseline BES scores to clarify potential benefits for binge eating behavior.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

AI-driven snapshot hyperspectral imaging for on-line sorting systems in food industry: From real-time sensing to intelligent decision-making.

High-throughput food sorting requires rapid, non-destructive detection of external defects, foreign materials, and internal quality attributes in heterogeneous food matrices. Conventional scanning hyperspectral imaging may suffer from motion-induced spatial-spectral mismatches, whereas snapshot hyperspectral imaging (S-HSI) captures spectral images within a single integration time. However, its advantage is limited by trade-offs in resolution, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), reconstruction uncertainty, and calibration stability, which are further amplified by variable tissue structure, surface reflection, moisture, and fat distribution in foods. This review critically examines artificial intelligence (AI)-driven S-HSI for on-line food sorting within a sensing-representation-decision-execution framework. Compact architectures are compared according to their physical constraints, food-sorting suitability, and ability to support mapping between spectral responses and physicochemical quality attributes. AI strategies are reviewed for spectral reconstruction, image restoration, spatial-spectral representation, band selection, uncertainty-aware decision-making, and edge implementation. AI can partially compensate for snapshot-specific limitations, but current evidence remains largely limited to laboratory or prototype studies. Future work should link system performance to food safety and quality outcomes by reporting throughput, decision latency, calibration drift, missed-detection risk, false-rejection cost, and closed-loop sorting success.

Hyperspectral Imaging↗