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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Twenty-five-year survivorship of two thousand consecutive primary Charnley total hip replacements: factors affecting survivorship of acetabular and femoral components.

BACKGROUND: Charnley total hip arthroplasty has been demonstrated to provide good clinical results and a high rate of implant survivorship for twenty years and longer. Most long-term series are not large enough to stratify the many demographic factors that influence implant survivorship. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of demographic factors and diagnoses on the long-term survivorship of the acetabular and femoral components used in Charnley total hip arthroplasty. METHODS: Two thousand primary Charnley total hip arthroplasties (1689 patients) were performed at one institution from 1969 to 1971. Patients were contacted at five-year intervals after the arthroplasty. Twenty-five years after the surgery, 1228 patients had died and 461 patients were living. Hips that had not had a reoperation, revision or removal of a component for any reason, or revision or removal for aseptic loosening were considered to have survived. Survivorship data were calculated with use of the method of Kaplan and Meier. Patients were stratified by age, gender, and underlying diagnosis to determine the influence of these factors on implant survivorship. RESULTS: The twenty-five year rates of survivorship free of reoperation, free of revision or removal of the implant for any reason, and free of revision or removal for aseptic loosening were 77.5%, 80.9% and 86.5%, respectively. The twenty-five-year survivorship free of revision for aseptic loosening was poorer for each decade earlier in life at which the procedure was performed; this survivorship ranged from 68.7% for patients who were less than forty years of age to 100% for patients who were eighty years of age or older. Men had a twofold higher rate of revision for aseptic loosening than did women. CONCLUSIONS: Age, gender, and underlying diagnosis all affected the likelihood of long-term survivorship of the acetabular and femoral components used in Charnley total hip arthroplasty.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of actual survivorship after treatment with survivorship predicted by actual tumor-volume doubling time from tumor diameter at first observation.

The predicted survival time of 56 patients with lung cancer was calculated using Geddes ' nomogram for tumor diameter and tumor doubling time. The predicted survival time correlated favorably with the actual survival time. For many patients with resection the actual survival time far exceeded the predicted survival time; thus, the latter may be very useful as a control for the evaluation of all therapies of lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Reproductive factors affecting survivorship in captive Callitrichidae.

Efforts to breed Callitrichidae in captivity have resulted in high fertility accompanied by high infant mortality. This paper investigates the relationship between reproductive characteristics and survivorship in the Oak Ridge and Associated Universities (ORAU) callitrichid colony. Records of 2,834 individuals were analyzed using Cox Proportional Hazards regression to investigate factors affecting infant survivorship. Species and birth cohort were found to have a significant (P less than 0.05) effect on survivorship. Litter size also was an important factor in determining survivorship. Individuals born into singlet and twin litters had significantly (P less than 0.001) higher survivorship than triplets. Factors which affect survivorship perinatally (0-1 months of age), prior to breeding age and subsequent to the first month of life were then investigated. Litter size was a significant (P less than 0.05) factor in determining survivorship perinatally, with twins having significantly higher survivorship than both singlets and triplets. After the first month of life, litter size no longer showed a significant effect on survivorship. Records of 145 dams were analyzed using the same procedures to investigate reproductive characteristics associated with survivorship. Age at first litter showed a significant (P less than 0.01) positive relationship with dam survivorship. These results suggest various factors affect survivorship at specific temporal points during development, and also suggest selection for survivorship perinatally to be strongly associated with litter size, possibly through sibling competition and maternal effects.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Loci affecting long-term hybrid survivorship in Louisiana irises: implications for reproductive isolation and introgression.

Iris fulva and I. brevicaulis are long-lived plant species known to hybridize where they coexist in nature. Year-to-year survival contributes significantly to overall fitness for both species and their hybrid derivatives, and differences in hybrid survivability may have important consequences to interspecific gene flow in nature. We examined the genetic architecture of long-term survivorship of reciprocal backcross I. fulva x I. brevicaulis hybrids in a common-garden, greenhouse environment. Differences in mortality were found between the two backcross (BC1) hybrid classes, with hybrids crossed toward I. fulva (BCIF) revealing twice the mortality of those hybrids backcrossed toward I. brevicaulis (BCIB). Using genomic scans on two separate genetic linkage maps derived from the reciprocal hybrid populations, we found that hybrid survivorship is influenced by several genetic regions. Multiple interval mapping (MIM) revealed four quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in BCIF hybrids that were significantly associated with survivorship. Introgressed I. brevicaulis DNA increased survivorship at three of the four QTLs. For the fourth QTL, introgressed I. brevicaulis DNA was associated with decreased survivorship. No QTLs were detected in BCIB hybrids; however, single-marker analysis revealed five unlinked loci that were significantly associated with survivorship. At all five markers, survivorship was positively associated with introgressed I. fulva DNA. The present findings have important implications for the evolutionary dynamics of naturally occurring hybrid zones. Regions of the genome that increase survivorship when in a heterozygous (i.e., hybrid) state should have an increased likelihood of passing across species boundaries, whereas those that decrease survivorship will be less likely to introgress.

Chimera↗
PubMed2026

Beyond risk factors: A capacity framework for cancer survivorship research.

Cancer survivorship research has identified numerous biological, behavioral, psychosocial, health care, and structural factors that influence recovery. However, these factors are typically studied as separate determinants rather than interacting influences. This commentary proposes available survivorship capacity as a unifying framework that explains how these diverse determinants collectively shape recovery and survivorship outcomes. Concepts from geroscience, health care delivery, rehabilitation, occupational therapy, and human factors science were synthesized to develop a conceptual framework of available survivorship capacity. The framework conceptualizes recovery as a function of the capacity remaining after competing health care and life demands draw upon survivors' finite physical, cognitive, emotional, social, financial, temporal, and health care resources. It generates testable propositions for measurement, intervention research, health care delivery, and implementation science while positioning available survivorship capacity as a common mechanism linking diverse determinants of recovery and identifying actionable targets for intervention. Available capacity offers a unifying conceptual framework for understanding heterogeneity in survivorship outcomes and intervention effectiveness while generating a research agenda for future survivorship science. Measuring and strengthening survivors' available capacity, while reducing unnecessary demands, may improve engagement in care, health behaviors, and long-term recovery.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

Closing the divide: diverse populations and cancer survivorship.

Currently, there is a "divide" between cancer survivorship initiatives and minority participation. The level of participation is nearly nonexistent in many cancer support and control initiatives. Cancer survivorship resources that facilitate access to treatment, psychosocial interventions, clinical trials, and research are key components to eliminating this divide. Differences in cancer results among minority populations are caused by several factors, including biologic reactions to environmental activities, socioeconomic status, perceived beliefs and notions of medical professionals, a lack of resources to participate in cancer support groups, and having personal contact with cancer survivors. Health professionals, advocates, and researchers hold the key to opening more opportunities for the improvement of cancer survivorship among minorities. The belief that "one size fits all" is unrealistic. These beliefs can influence participation in innovative clinical trials, decisions about treatment, emotional responses, and social support relationships. To help ensure participation in these programs, researchers and health workers must understand the role of social and psychosocial implications and results of the assessment, strategies, and sustainability that must be included in the development stage of any cancer support and survivorship initiatives. For this article, the authors examined mechanisms that can be used by cancer-control researchers and program staff to limit the divide between cancer survivorship initiatives and minority participation. They identified three strategies that must be used to address this divide effectively: the inclusion of minorities in clinical trials, intervention studies, treatment, and research programs; the development of culturally sensitive environments; and the ability to sustain minority participation. In summary, cancer survivorship includes many components that are developed individually and collectively to formulate sound strategies for including minorities in cancer-control initiatives. These programs should go beyond basic support groups and should include research studies, clinical trials, and alternative treatments for increasing cancer survival rates and quality of life among minorities. The divide can be addressed only through a proactive initiative that brings cancer survivorship initiatives and minority communities together in full partnership.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2002

Growth rate and survivorship of drought: CO2 effects on the presumed tradeoff in seedlings of five woody legumes.

Traits that promote rapid growth and seedling recruitment when water is plentiful may become a liability when seedlings encounter drought. We tested the hypothesis that CO2 enrichment reinforces any tradeoff between growth rate and drought tolerance by exaggerating interspecific differences in maximum relative growth rate (RGR) and survivorship of drought among seedlings of five woody legumes. We studied invasive species of grasslands that differ in distribution along a rainfall gradient. Survivorship of drought at ambient CO2 concentration ([CO2]) was negatively related to RGR in well-watered seedlings in one of two experiments, but the relationship was weak because interspecific differences in RGR were small. Contrary to our hypothesis, there was no significant relationship among well-watered seedlings between RGR at ambient [CO2] and either the relative or absolute increase in RGR at elevated [CO2]. As predicted, however, CO2 enrichment reinforced interspecific differences in survivorship of seedlings exposed to similar rates of soil water depletion. Doubling [CO2] improved seedling survivorship of the most drought-tolerant species throughout the period of soil water depletion, but did not consistently affect survivorship of more drought-sensitive species. Midday xylem pressure potentials of drought-treated seedlings were less negative at elevated [CO2] than at ambient [CO2], but no other measured trait was consistently correlated with improved survivorship at high [CO2]. Carbon dioxide enrichment may not reinforce species differences in RGR, but could exaggerate interspecific differences in drought tolerance. To the extent that seedling persistence in grasslands correlates with drought survivorship, our results indicate a positive effect of CO2 enrichment on recruitment of woody legumes that are currently tolerant of drought.

Acacia↗
PubMed2002

Breast cancer survivorship: are African American women considered? A concept analysis.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE: To apply Rodger's (1989) evolutionary view of concept analysis to the term "cancer survivorship" with a heightened focus on breast cancer and African American women. DESIGN: Qualitative, concept analysis. DATA SOURCES: 50 references from the disciplines of nursing and medicine. DATA SYNTHESIS: This analysis revealed that the concept of cancer survivorship is unique, evolving, and based on the meaning individuals give to a diagnosis of cancer and their experiences of living beyond the diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The concept of breast cancer survivorship can be operationally defined as the process of living through the cancer experience beyond a breast cancer diagnosis. A crucial need exists to explore the meaning of cancer survivorship among African American women as a basis for culturally competent care. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Nurses and other healthcare professionals must comprehend the meaning of breast cancer survivorship and its implications for cancer survivors. The meaning of cancer survivorship to African American and ethnic minority women must be explored. Culturally relevant cancer survivorship education and care should be provided for African American women and other cancer survivors of ethnic minorities as well as those involved in the women's social and healthcare world. Nurses and healthcare professionals must continue to advocate for health policies to improve the lived experiences of all cancer survivors.

Black or African American↗
PubMed2006

Looking beyond survival: how are we looking at survivorship?

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of cancer survivors is increasing worldwide. This creates the imperative to look beyond cancer survival to cancer survivorship. This review explores cancer survivorship from an international perspective in two ways: from a cancer control perspective through a review of cancer control strategies and from a cancer care perspective through a review of clinical practice guidelines and research on cancer follow-up care. RESULTS: Many national cancer control strategies or cancer charities consider survivorship obliquely, primarily under the umbrellas of quality of life and rehabilitation. Few have well-developed policies or plans specifically directed at survivorship. Cancer follow-up care is recognized internationally as a pressing health care issue. Many countries have tested new and innovative models to deliver follow-up care. Similarly, many countries have developed guidelines that specifically address follow-up care. Few studies or guidelines address the broader, multifaceted aspects of cancer survivorship. DISCUSSION: This review suggests that research and recognition of cancer survivorship as a unique phase of the cancer care trajectory need to be improved. In many of the poorer countries of the world, the imperative remains the basics of cancer care: timely diagnosis, access to treatment, and alleviation of suffering.

Aftercare↗
PubMed2006

Parents benefit from eating offspring: density-dependent egg survivorship compensates for filial cannibalism.

Why should animals knowingly consume their own young? It is difficult to imagine many circumstances in which eating one's own young (i.e., filial cannibalism) actually increases an individual's fitness; however, filial cannibalism commonly co-occurs with parental care in fishes. The evolutionary significance of filial cannibalism remains unclear. The most commonly accepted explanation is that filial cannibalism is a mechanism by which caring males gain energy or nutrients that they reinvest into future reproduction, thereby increasing net reproductive success. There is mixed support for this hypothesis and, at best, it can only explain filial cannibalism in some species. A recent alternative hypothesis suggests that filial cannibalism improves the survivorship of remaining eggs by increasing oxygen availability, and thus increases current reproductive success. This theory has received little attention as of yet. We evaluated the hypothesis of oxygen-mediated filial cannibalism in the sand goby by examining the effect of oxygen and egg density on the occurrence of filial cannibalism, evaluating the effects of partial clutch cannibalism on the survivorship of remaining eggs, and comparing potential costs and benefits of filial cannibalism related to the net number of eggs surviving. Indeed, we found that oxygen level and egg density affected the occurrence of cannibalism and that simulated partial clutch cannibalism improved survivorship of the remaining eggs. Additionally, because increased egg survivorship, stemming from partial egg removal, compensated for the cost of cannibalism (i.e., number of eggs removed) at a range of cannibalism levels, filial cannibalism potentially results in no net losses in reproductive success. However, oxygen did not affect egg survivorship. Thus, we suggest a more general hypothesis of filial cannibalism mediated by density-dependent egg survivorship.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Variations in malaria transmission rates are not related to anopheline survivorship per feeding cycle.

Anopheline survivorship, vectorial capacity, and mosquito infection probability estimates from mosquito infection rates were determined 4 times in 1 year in a Papua New Guinea village. Estimates of survivorship over the length of the extrinsic incubation period differed significantly during the year. However, survivorship per feeding cycle, individual mosquito vectorial capacity, and mosquito infection probability did not vary significantly. Estimates of these parameters were then compared to estimates of survivorship, individual vectorial capacity, and mosquito infection probability in mosquito populations in other villages in the study area. Since survivorship per feeding cycle did not vary significantly among the mosquito populations in these villages, changes in malaria transmission potential can be better gauged from estimates of survivorship over the length of the extrinsic incubation period. However, as measurements of relative inoculation rates are easier to perform and have been related to parasite prevalences in children in this area, estimates of inoculation rates are a preferred option for estimating malaria transmission in the Madang area of Papua New Guinea.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quality of life, survivorship, and psychosocial adjustment of young women with breast cancer after breast-conserving surgery and radiation therapy.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To examine changes in quality of life (QOL), psychosocial adjustment, and survivorship issues over time of women younger than 45 years who underwent breast-conserving surgery and radiation therapy (RT) for breast cancer. DESIGN: Repeated measures, longitudinal design. METHODS: Data were collected at four time points: start of RT, midpoint of RT, end of RT, and six months after RT. Three instruments were used to collect data: Quality-of-Life Index, Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale, and the newly developed Adaptation to Survivorship Experience. Subjects also participated in an indepth interview at the start of RT. SETTING: A large radiation oncology department located in an urban teaching hospital in the Northeast United States. SAMPLE: 23 women with newly diagnosed stage I or II breast cancer who were starting RT following breast-conserving surgery, with a mean age of 37.8 years (range = 25-45 years). MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: QOL, psychosocial adjustment, and adaptation to survivorship experience. FINDINGS: Although subjects adjusted their lives to accommodate RT, QOL declined from the start of RT to midpoint, with gradual improvement reported six months later. Social and sexual adjustment declined from start of RT to six months later. Negative perceptions of the survivorship experience and worry about cancer increased from the start of RT to six months later. CONCLUSIONS: Young women with breast cancer experience changes in QOL, psychosocial adjustment, and adaptation to survivorship issues during RT. Changes may not reflect what is observed in clinical practice. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Nurses need to be aware of changes in QOL, psychosocial adjustment, and survivorship to better understand and support young women during RT.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

Effects of parasitization by Varroa destructor on survivorship and physiological traits of Apis mellifera in correlation with viral incidence and microbial challenge.

Varroa mites (Varroa destructor) are serious ectoparasites of honey bees (Apis mellifera). This research addresses the impact of varroa mites on survivorship, viral incidence, and physiological traits of newly-emerged worker bees. RT-PCR confirmed our previous finding that varroa parasitization was linked to high levels of deformed wing virus (DWV). In non-treatment bees, varroa parasitization combined with increased viral levels altered survivorship curves from long-survival to shorter-survival types. After challenge with live Escherichia coli, the survivorship of mite-parasitized bees was significantly lower than mite-free bees. Deformed-wing, mite-parasitized bees died on average within 1 day, even without E. coli challenge. This was correlated with the absence of an important enzyme activity in insect immunity, phenol oxidase, lacking even in those bees challenged with immuno-elicitors. The lack of inducible phenol oxidase activity indicated that the bee immune system is not fully competent upon adult emergence. Varroa parasitism also significantly reduced body weight of the parasitized bees, but body weight was not significantly correlated with the survivorship of mite-parasitized bees. Our research indicates that the combination of mite parasitization, the interaction of DWV and microbes, and a developmental immune incompetency attribute to decreased worker survivorship and have a negative impact on colony fitness.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Mesocyclops longisetus effects on survivorship of Aedes aegypti immature stages in car tyres.

The effect of the introduction of the entomophagous copepod Mesocyclops longisetus (Acuacultura F.C.B. strain) on the survival of Aedes aegypti immature stages in car tyres was evaluated under semi-natural conditions in the municipality of Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. Life tables were constructed for the immature stages of the mosquito in the presence and absence of M. longisetus, and the survival data were compared using log-linear models. The data set was adjusted using the GLIM statistical package and the quality of adjustment was evaluated with a chi-squared test. Survivorship curves were constructed for each treatment. In the absence of M. longisetus, the survivorship of Ae. aegypti immature stages averaged 9%. The highest mortality rate was observed during the fourth larval instar (54%) and the resulting survival pattern corresponded to a type II survivorship curve. The mortality rate of Ae. aegypti first-instar larvae (fifty per tyre) increased more than 200-fold in the presence of M. longisetus (twenty per tyre) and the highest mortality was during the first two larval instars, where it reached 98.9%, with a resulting survivorship of 0.2%. Overall mortality was sixfold greater in the presence of the copepod than in its absence. The survival pattern of immature stages of Ae. aegypti in the presence of the copepod corresponded to a type III survivorship curve. As M. longisetus was so effective against Ae. aegypti immature stages in tyres under seminatural conditions, its long-term effectiveness should be evaluated under socially and ecologically realistic field conditions in Mexico.

Aedes↗
PubMed2002

Survivorship of hip prosthesis in primary arthrosis: influence of bilaterality and interoperative time in 45,000 hip prostheses from the Finnish endoprosthesis register.

We studied the influence of bilaterality and interoperative time on survivorship of the hip prosthesis. The material consisted of 45,000 (3,153 bilateral) total hip arthroplasties and 38,000 patients operated on for primary osteoarthrosis, using data from the Finnish Endoprosthesis Register between 1980 and 1999. Cox regression analysis showed that male sex, young age, uncemented prosthesis and time of surgery (first 10-year period) were significant risk factors for aseptic loosening. We found no difference between the survivorship of the first bilateral and that of unilaterals, but second bilaterals survived better than the unilaterals. Bilateral prostheses survived better when the second prosthesis was implanted during the first postoperative year. The risk of loosening of a bilateral prosthesis increased when the second prosthesis was implanted a few years later. Survivorship of bilateral prosthesesin a 1-stage bilateral operation was about the same as in those operated on within the first postoperative year. Better survivorship of the second bilateral can cause bias in per hip survivorship analyses. In bilateral cases, the second hip should be operated on as soon as possible or be considered for a 1-stage bilateral procedure.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

The validity of survivorship analysis in total joint arthroplasty.

The use of survivorship analysis requires an assumption that patients who are lost to follow-up are no more or less likely to be at risk of failure of an operation or a procedure than are patients who are still being followed. This is a major assumption in long-term orthopaedic studies, in which a high percentage of patients are usually lost to follow-up. We compared the survivorship curve for the first 100 Tharies replacements done at our institution (which were completed by September 1977), using data that were collected in the standard way up to 1985, through a letter requesting a follow-up visit, with the curve for the same patients that was based on almost complete follow-up data that were gathered by telephone from 1985 on. The similarity of the two curves suggested that the assumptions that are necessary for the validity of survivorship analysis are reasonable, even in the orthopaedic setting, in which many patients are lost to follow-up. The usefulness of the survivorship curve for prediction was also evaluated by comparing the curve based on the first forty-six of the 100 Tharies replacements (before 1977) with the curve based on the last fifty-four such operations (from January 1977 to September 1977). The results of these two comparisons suggest that survivorship analysis is a valid technique to use in the long-term evaluation of patients who have had a joint replacement.

Adult↗