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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Data collection in the Great Plains Genetics Service Network: using limited funds to collect data from centers with varying resources.

The Data Committee of the Great Plains Genetics Service Network (GPGSN) coordinates the collection of data relating to delivery of genetic services in eight states. These states are Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota and North Dakota. The funds allocated to this project by the GPGSN are limited. The distance between genetics service sites is great and the population density in the regions being served is low. The local resources available to the genetics services sites participating in data collection vary from robust to "bare-bones". The approach to solving the problem involved the following. First the committee the data items to be collected were identified and defined. Second, a standard format for transmitting the data to the GPGSN regional coordinating center in Iowa City was developed. Third, the services sites and their resources for collecting data were identified. Fourth, resources were allocated to different sites in a manner that seemed most able to help that center to contribute data to the regional center. Fifth, data were aggregated at the regional center and aggregated data reports were returned to collecting sites. Finally, items were modified in response to the feedback received from the genetics services sites. Although the philosophy is that data collection should be a by-product of providing quality genetic services, the region recognizes that service sites will need help to conform with regional standards. Therefore the region encourages each service site to develop its own method to collect data, and provides assistance to it in getting the data into the regional transmission format.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Data Collection↗
PubMed1989

An evaluation of population pharmacokinetics in therapeutic trials. Part III. Prospective data collection versus retrospective data assembly.

The ability to estimate population pharmacokinetic parameters of alprazolam from fragmentary clinical data collected during clinical efficacy trials was evaluated in this series of studies. In the first study modifications to the protocol and case report forms were employed to allow for the prospective collection of accurate dosing and blood sampling time data. In the second study only total daily dose and measured drug concentration data were recorded. Dosage and blood sampling time data were assembled retrospectively by assuming strict adherence to protocol guidelines. Comparisons of the results of these analyses demonstrate the marked impact of prospective data collection efforts on data quality and the ability to determine subsequent pharmacokinetic parameters. Analysis of the prospectively collected data yielded pharmacokinetic estimates for alprazolam that were nearly identical to previously reported values obtained according to traditional methods, whereas the analysis of retrospectively collected data yielded biased estimates of the mean pharmacokinetic parameters and markedly upward biased estimates of both interindividual and residual variability. These analyses demonstrate the ability to estimate population pharmacokinetic parameters from data collected during clinical efficacy trials, provided that critical issues pertaining to the design and use of data collection forms to enhance data quality and the education of patients and staff are satisfactorily addressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Collecting data for clinical indicators.

The Joint Commission for Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations is currently testing clinical indicators that will become an important part of hospital quality assurance programs. Implementation of clinical indicators may necessitate more extensive data collection than is now being done. This article reviews important considerations in the development of a data collection system that facilitates the evaluation of indicators of clinical performance. The evolution of the system currently used by the Nutritional Support Service at Pennsylvania Hospital is provided.

Data Collection↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Telephone versus face to face interviewing as a means of collecting data relevant to the management of diabetes among general practitioners in France: a randomized design.

Successful patient education requires planed programs with specific target populations. As general practitioners see 85% of noninsulin-dependent diabetics in France, this study was designed to test the feasibility of the telephone as a method for data collection within the context of a random sample of general practitioners in the Paris region. In addition, data were collected assessing physician's perceptions of various barriers and facilitators to the management of this illness. The study demonstrated the feasibility of phone interviews among general practitioners, as no significant differences were found in response rates or for any single variable collected on the telephone versus "face-to-face". Treatment patterns were described and results indicated that 77% of general practitioners agreed to participate in a subsequent study and, of these 93% agreed to the participation of their noninsulin-dependent patients.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1984

Kinematic and force data collection in biomechanics by means of sonic emitters--I: Kinematic data collection methodology.

In this paper, first, the principles of sonic digitizing are presented. Next, a description of quantitative determination of the relative motion between two body segments by utilization of sonic emitters is provided. A new kinematic data collection methodology and data analysis is proposed to check continuously the accuracy of the data collected by means of the sonic emitters. The first part of the paper is terminated by establishment of an accuracy criteria and selection of the most accurate data set and associated error analysis. Quantitative results based upon the kinematic data collection methodology of Part I were obtained for the forced kinematic motion of the human shoulder complex and are presented in Part II.

Arm↗
PubMed1991

Using routinely collected data for clinical research.

Clinical research involving prospective data collection in randomized controlled trials is not always feasible. Increasingly, hospitals are developing large clinical databases that are waiting to be mined. We have developed a computer program, ClinQuery, that facilitates such exploration and analysis. We have also shown in a series of studies that the use of clinical data is a powerful tool in health services research. In some cases, we have shown that coded data are inaccurate and that alternative clinical data are preferable. In other cases, a combination of clinical data and coded discharge diagnoses is preferable.

Boston↗
PubMed1980

Cancer diagnostic test of Field and Caspary: Part II. A review and interpretation of the collected data.

Tables are presented showing data collected to date on the clinical trials of the macrophage electrophoretic mobility test for cancer of Field and Caspary. Seven variations on the original technique are summarized. The original antigen used in these tests was the basic protein of CNS myelin. Four additional proteins have been shown to function in these tests in place of the basic protein. There appears not to be a strong immunological crossreaction between these proteins. This paper discusses a possible solution to the problem of why non-crossreactive proteins appear to crossreact when testing cancer patients with the macrophage electrophoretic mobility related tests. All lymphocytes in saline suspension without added protein will aggregate. This is prevented in normals by the addition of some proteins to the culture, but is not so prevented in cancer and other diseases. Aggregation results in lymphokine release that makes the macrophage electrophoretic mobility test and variants positive. Aggregation occurs in the first incubation step of these tests and this non-immunological aggregation is the underlying phenomenon detected rather than specific antigen recognition as has been heretofore presumed.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1992

Prodromal symptoms and signs of bipolar relapse: a report based on prospectively collected data.

Prospectively collected data on 19 recently hospitalized patients with bipolar disorder were examined for prodromal changes preceding relapse. The 4-month periods before six manic and six depressive relapses were compared with each other and with a comparable period for seven patients who did not relapse. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale was used to assess symptoms. Significant elevations in unusual thought content were found 1 month before manic relapse. Depressive relapsers evidenced higher levels of conceptual disorganization throughout the prerelapse period. Nonrelapsers showed very stable symptom profiles.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Kinematic and force data collection in biomechanics by means of sonic emitters--II: Force data collection and application to the human shoulder complex.

In multisegmented mathematical models of the human body the most difficult and the least successful modeling of a major articulating joint has been the shoulder complex because of the lack of appropriate biomechanical data as well as the anatomical complexity of the region. In this paper, quantitative results on the variability of the stiffness of the shoulder complex dependent upon orientation of the upper arm are presented by applying the principles and theory developed in Part I. The paper starts with a description of a multiple-axis force and moment transducer and its utilization with sonic emitters in determining direction as well as location of the general force and moment vectors applied on a body segment. The numerical results which are presented for three subjects are in the form of plots showing the passive resistance of the shoulder complex as functions of drawer displacements of the upper arm along its long bone axis. Exponential and power curve fitting of the numerical results are also provided to establish intra-subject variations and similarities of the behavioral patterns of the axial stiffness characteristics of the human shoulder complex.

Arm↗
PubMed1984

A low-cost chromatograph data-collection system.

A data collection system has been constructed, based on the low-cost BBC microcomputer, which provides for the digitization and storage of the data from one or more g.l.c. or h.p.l.c. instruments, or from other data sources with similar data rates. The data can be observed during collection on the graphics screen, and are then stored on disk for subsequent processing. This processing is designed to be interactive, so that the operator can influence decisions about base-line drifts, peak separations, etc. when integrating the peaks, and can decide which peaks are to be stored in a time/intensity record, on the basis of a visual display of the trace. A low cost multi-channel precision ADC, using isolated voltage-to-frequency transducers sited at the sources of data, and multiple counters at the computer, may be used to measure several signals simultaneously even when they originate at some distance from the computer, and extra memory can also be added to the BBC microcomputer to allow temporary storage of data. The software is written in machine code (for the data collection) and BASIC (for the analysis routines) so that modifications to the latter routines can be made easily. The user interface is suitable for routine users who have no computing experience.

Chromatography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Design of the 1986 National Mortality Followback Survey: considerations on collecting data on decedents.

The first National Mortality Followback Survey in 18 years was conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics on a national probability sample of adult deaths in the United States in 1986. Data were collected on (a) socioeconomic differentials in mortality, (b) prevention of premature death by inquiring into the association of risk factors and cause of death, (c) health care services provided in the last year of life, and (d) the reliability of certain items reported on the death certificate. In addition to demographic characteristics of the decedent available from the death certificate and the questionnaire, information was secured on cigarette smoking practices, alcohol use, food consumption patterns, use of hospital, nursing home, and hospice care, sources of payment for care, duration of disability, and assistance with activities of daily living. A rich body of data was collected for analysis. In a large pretest, response was received from 87.3 percent of the next of kin of the decedents. The pretest included several methodologic studies to increase the level and quality of response in the main survey. Response rates were compared for data collection by mail, telephone, and personal interview. A test of certified mail and first class mail was conducted. Response to two forms of different lengths was compared. An experiment was also conducted on the effect of inclusion of boxes for a "don't know" response. A public use data tape is available from the National Center for Health Statistics.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Safety and efficacy of nifedipine 20 mg tablets in hypertension using electronic data collection in general practice.

Electronic data collection was used in this open study to survey the safety and efficacy of nifedipine when used in the treatment of 3972 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. The safety and efficacy results are presented and discussed as well as the advantages, disadvantages and reliability of electronic data collection. The validity of data collected electronically has not previously been tested, such data having been assumed to be reliable. The pattern of adverse events reported in this study is compared with the pattern of reports to the Committee on Safety of Medicine (CSM), to Bayer UK and in a large paper-based study of nifedipine, in order to test these assumptions. Reported adverse medical events pre-treatment, prior to entry to the study and noted at visit 1, were compared with reports during treatment in the study at visits 2 and 3. The expected incidence of flushing and headache was seen which diminished with continued treatment. Reductions were seen in dyspnoea and impotence. Ankle oedema was observed and was not reduced by time alone. After one month of treatment with nifedipine 20 mg tablets twice daily, 66.5% of patients had a sitting phase V diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg or below and 79% of 95 mmHg or below.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1992

Computer assisted data collection for stereology: rationale and description of point counting stereology (PCS) software.

The paper describes microcomputer software for point counting stereology. Stereology includes a collection of statistical methods that quantify the images of light and transmission electron microscopy. The methods use test grids placed over images to collect raw data, which includes counts of points, intersections, transections, and profiles. In turn, the counts are included in stereological equations that give estimates of compartmental volumes, surfaces, lengths, or numbers. These parameters describe the composition of a structure in three-dimensional space. The PCS (point counting stereology) System Software III serves as a data collection, storage, and management tool. Users set up point counting protocols without programming, enter data by pressing predefined function (MS-DOS) or alphabetic keys (UNIX), store data in files, select files for analysis, and calculate results as stereological densities. The latest version of the PCS software includes a new user interface and is designed as a research "front end" that can feed data either into the calculation tools of a stereology tutorial (Bolender, 1992, this issue) or into the analysis routines of quantitative morphology databases (Bolender and Bluhm, 1992).

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Significance of data collection. Viewpoint - academia.

The academic view of the collection of data relating to the health of workers must reflect a concern for the value of the data for research purposes. Most routine data systems do not provide information of research quality, and often are not appropriate or sufficiently detailed to allow specific hypotheses to be tested. the cost of serving research purposes in such systems is likely to be prohibitive. However, the monitoring of illness in groups of employees can and should serve as a most valuable research resource when viewed as a screening and detection mechanism. Therefore, a data collection system should be carefully designed with research needs in mind, so that it will be appropriately sensitive and consistent.

Epidemiologic Methods↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Data collection as an educational process.

Data collection, an experiential method for learning about the research process, may affect the attitudes and future research involvement of nurse data collectors. This study describes the effects of the data collection experience on nurses' perceptions of nursing research and the research environment and on their plans for research involvement. Implications of using the data collection experience as an educational process about research are included.

Adult↗