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PubMed2026

Discovery and characterization of multifunctional bioactive peptides from Alaska Pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) milt: hybrid in silico, in vitro, and proteomic approaches.

The growing demand for multifunctional bioactive peptides has sparked interest in underutilized marine by-products as sustainable bioresources. This study explored Alaska Pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) milt protein as a novel source of peptides with anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, and anti-diabetic effects. Protein composition was analyzed via LC-MS, followed by in silico digestion and bioactivity prediction. Molecular docking identified peptides targeting DPP-IV, α-glucosidase, ACE, GLP-1 receptor, COX-2, MuRF1, and the 20S proteasome. Among the candidates, a promising peptide (CLPPH) was synthesized and validated in vitro, demonstrating inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production, DPP-IV, ACE, and α-glucosidase. These results highlight CLPPH's potential as a multifunctional bioactive peptide and support the valorization of Alaska Pollock milt as a sustainable source for functional foods and nutraceutical applications.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Orofacial Cleft Disparities in American Indian and Alaska Native Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence, access to care, and health outcomes of orofacial clefts (OFCs) among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations through a systematic review and meta-analysis.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis performed in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines and registered with PROSPERO (CRD420251035364).SettingUS-based population registries, hospital databases, and institutional or community-level retrospective studies involving AI/AN populations.Patients and ParticipantsAI/AN individuals with OFCs compared with non-Hispanic White patients.InterventionsPrimary cleft lip and palate repair, secondary cleft-related procedures, and multidisciplinary cleft care.Main Outcome Measure(s)Prevalence of OFCs, timing of cleft surgery, discharge disposition, access to specialists, and qualitative determinants of disparities.ResultsEighteen studies including more than 1985 AI/AN patients were identified. Meta-analysis of 5 studies estimated a pooled OFC prevalence of 15 per 10 000 live births (95% confidence interval: 5-49), with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 99.8%). Individual studies reported significantly higher OFC prevalence in AI/AN populations compared to non-Hispanic Whites (odds ratio range: 1.44-2.68). Geographic maldistribution of craniofacial-trained surgeons, increased odds of nonhome discharge, and delayed cleft palate repair were consistently observed barriers. Qualitative analyses highlighted structural inequities, perceived racism, and lack of culturally responsive care as major contributors to disparities.ConclusionsAI/AN populations face a disproportionately high burden of OFCs alongside structural barriers to timely, culturally competent care. Addressing these disparities requires community-engaged, multidisciplinary interventions that improve geographic access and integrate culturally responsive approaches to care.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Herd-level heterogeneity of antimicrobial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli: A nationwide high-throughput survey of Australian pig herds.

Antimicrobial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli provides a useful indicator for overall antimicrobial resistance burden. We applied this approach to assess antimicrobial resistance within and between commercial pig herds across Australia. A high-throughput robotic workflow was used to isolate 2730 E. coli colonies from rectal contents collected in 2022 from healthy slaughter pigs (n = 300) representing 30 herds (∼70% of national production). Up to 94 isolates per herd underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the Robotic Antimicrobial Susceptibility Platform. Isolate- and herd-level antimicrobial resistance indices were calculated, weighting antimicrobials by their human health importance. Resistance to first-line agents was widespread: ampicillin 77% and tetracycline 79%. By contrast, resistance to critically important antimicrobials was rare (ciprofloxacin 0.11%; extended-spectrum cephalosporins 0.04%), and no clinical resistance to carbapenems or colistin was detected. Overall, 56.9% of isolates were multi-class resistant. Herd-level antimicrobial resistance within indices ranged from 1.51 to 5.76, revealing substantial between-herd heterogeneity. Three herds carried critically important antimicrobials-resistant isolates that would likely have been missed using conventional, lower-density sampling approaches. Whole-genome sequencing identified fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates belonging to ST10 and ST69 (both qnrS1), and ST744 (Quinolone Resistance Determining Region mutations plus blaCTX-M-27). By testing approximately tenfold more isolates than conventional surveys, we uncovered considerable antimicrobial resistance with heterogeneity within and between animals and herds, including farm-specific variability. This expanded sampling also enabled detection of critically important antimicrobial resistance at very low prevalence. In conclusion, high-throughput, high-density testing offers a practical early-warning system and herd-level benchmark to inform surveillance and targeted interventions.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Cannabis and cannabinoids for the treatment of mental and substance use disorders and symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental and observational studies.

BACKGROUND: Interest in cannabinoids for mental and substance use disorders is increasing. We examined experimental and observational evidence for treating these disorders and their symptoms. METHODS: Systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO CRD42023467536). We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO to May 2025 for studies of cannabinoids in adults (≥18 years) with ADHD, anxiety, depression, PTSD, psychosis or Tourette syndrome, or alcohol, cannabis, opioid or tobacco use disorders. Two reviewers screened, extracted and assessed quality using a risk-of-bias tool and GRADE. RESULTS: We included 82 experimental and 118 observational studies. In RCTs, cannabinoids reduced anxiety symptoms (SMD=-0.40; 95% CI: -0.57, -0.23; I²=90%) and, in one small trial, PTSD symptoms (SMD=-2.60; 95% CI: -4.58, -0.62; n=20), with trivial-to-no effect on depression (SMD=-0.20; 95% CI: -0.43, 0.04; I²=91.6%), ADHD, psychosis and Tourette syndrome. Much anxiety and depression evidence came from symptoms measured as secondary outcomes in other primary conditions. Cannabinoids worsened cannabis use disorder severity in one RCT (SMD=2.35; 95% CI: 1.49, 3.21), with no effect on craving or withdrawal; evidence for alcohol, opioid and tobacco use disorders was very limited. Observational studies suggested improvements but had high risk of bias. The only significant safety finding was increased withdrawals due to adverse events with THC (OR=2.78; 95% CI: 1.66, 4.65). Certainty was predominantly very low. DISCUSSION: The evidence base shows very low certainty, high heterogeneity and methodological limitations, and is insufficient to support cannabinoids as first-line treatment. Signals for anxiety and PTSD are limited by indirectness and low certainty; no benefit was evident for depression; THC-related safety signals warrant careful consideration.

Humans↗