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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Isolated dyskeratotic acanthoma. A variant of isolated epidermolytic acanthoma.

Disorders affecting the maturation of the epidermis are regarded as incidental findings in normal skin and otherwise unrelated benign lesions. These include epidermolytic hyperkeratosis, focal acantholytic dyskeratosis, and pagetoid dyskeratosis. The former two entities also occur as primary pathologic lesions. We report a hyperkeratotic lesion with a specific histologic pattern consisting of dyskeratotic cells throughout the epidermis and a parakeratotic horn, with large, rounded cells at all levels of the stratum corneum. Because we believe it to be a variant of the solitary, acquired lesions characterized by abnormal epidermal maturation, such as epidermolytic acanthomas, we suggest the term "dyskeratotic acanthoma" for this lesion.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Acanthoma fissuratum--spectacle frame acanthoma.

The development of a cutaneous nodule at the site of friction of spectacles has been discussed by several authors. In all but one case the lesion occurred behind the ears. The only previous report of this acquired tumour occurring on the nose is that of Farrell & Wilson (4). It is suggested that this problem is relatively common and most frequently presents when mistaken for basal cell epithelioma or when identified in medical personnel. A further six cases of this neglected tumour occurring on the nose are described.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Immunohistochemical characterization of keratin expression in clear cell acanthoma.

The nature of clear cell acanthoma has not been clarified, although many hypotheses have been proposed, including a benign neoplasm derived from epidermis or the acrosyringium, or a non-specific dermatosis. In this study, seven cases of clear cell acanthoma were analysed by immunohistochemical techniques, using various monoclonal antikeratin antibodies, and antibodies against filaggrin, involucrin and epithelial membrane antigen. Different immunoreactivities were noted between clear cell acanthoma and a normal eccrine gland, including the acrosyringium. Immunoreactivities of clear cell acanthoma were almost identical to those of normal epidermis, although some antibodies gave a different staining pattern between clear cell acanthoma and normal epidermis. The expression of cytokeratins in psoriatic epidermis has been reported to change as a result of abnormal differentiation or maturation. Clear cell acanthoma showed a similar staining pattern to inflammatory dermatoses such as psoriasis vulgaris, lichen planus and discoid lupus erythematosus. We speculate that clear cell acanthoma is a localized form of inflammatory dermatosis rather than a neoplasm.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The benign acanthomas.

An important, yet neglected, problem in dermatopathology, is the evaluation of the benign acanthomas, the benign tumors of epidermal keratinocytes. The benign acanthomas may be simulated by lesions which are not benign (e.g. actinic keratosis), not tumors (e.g. normal plantar skin), or are not epidermal (e.g. dermatofibroma). In addition to normal (epidermoid) keratinization (e.g., seborrheic keratosis and related conditions), the variants of the benign acanthomas show a wide range of aberrant keratinization, including epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (epidermolytic acanthoma), dyskeratosis (warty dyskeratoma), acantholysis (acantholytic acanthoma), cornoid lamellation (porokeratosis), lichenoid hyperplasia (lichen planus-like keratosis), and absence of keratinization (clear cell acanthoma).

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2004

Multiple scrotal epidermolytic acanthomas; secondary to trauma?

Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (EH) is an abnormality of epidermal maturation, most commonly due to mutations in keratins 1 and 10, which may be a congenital or an acquired defect. The term epidermolytic acanthoma was applied to a solitary discrete epidermal proliferation characterized by EH. Subsequently there have been several reports of disseminated epidermolytic acanthomas. We report a rare case of multiple epidermolytic acanthomas localized to the scrotum. With the aetiology of epidermolytic acanthoma unknown, trauma has been postulated as a possible cause. Our patient repetitively scratched his scrotum for 5 years and we believe that this action triggered his multiple scrotal epidermolytic acanthomas.

Acanthoma↗
PubMed1988

Acantholytic acanthoma.

This article describes 31 examples of acantholytic acanthoma, a newly recognized, solitary, benign cutaneous tumor. Acantholytic acanthoma was typically an asymptomatic, keratotic papule or nodule. Patients ranged in age from 32 to 87 years (median 60 years); the ratio of men to women was 2:1; the most frequent clinical diagnosis was keratosis; and half of the growths were on the trunk of the body. Histologically, the lesions showed hyperkeratosis, papillomatosis, and acanthosis. Acantholysis was an outstanding finding in all cases; the patterns resembled pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus vegetans, superficial pemphigus, or Hailey-Hailey disease, but no patient had evidence of any of these disorders. The term acantholytic is used because acantholysis is the outstanding histologic feature in these neoplasms; acanthoma was chosen because the growths are benign tumors of epidermal keratinocytes. The relationship of acantholytic acanthoma to acantholytic blistering disease is similar to that of solitary lichen planus-like keratosis to lichen planus and epidermolytic acanthoma to bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma.

Acantholysis↗
PubMed2003

Large cell acanthoma.

The large cell acanthoma presents as a slightly scaly tan macule on photodamaged skin. Clinically, it may be difficult to differentiate from a lentigo senilis, pigmented actinic keratosis, or a flat and pigmented seborrheic keratosis. We have studied 19 cases of large cell acanthoma. Large cell acanthomas were identified histologically as having epidermal keratinocytes with nuclei roughly twice the size of adjacent epidermal or adnexal keratinocytes, and as having minimal nuclear pleomorphism. Histologic findings were compared with actinic keratosis and lentigo senilis. Melanocyte density and cellular proliferation were compared using HMB-45 staining of melanocytes and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining of epidermal keratinocytes. Lentigo senilis and large cell acanthoma both showed increased numbers of melanocytes, as identified by HMB-45 staining. Actinic keratosis shows a statistically increased proliferation rate, as identified by PCNA staining. On the basis of clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical staining similarities, we believe that large cell acanthoma should be considered as a reaction pattern, possibly related to lentigo senilis.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1994

Large-cell acanthoma of the skin. A study by image analysis cytometry and immunohistochemistry.

Although large-cell acanthoma is a well-known clinicopathological entity, its biologic spectrum and nature are still subject to debate. We studied seven cases of large-cell acanthoma by image analysis cytometry for DNA content and by immunohistochemistry, using antibodies to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)/cyclin. The data were compared with individual cases of seborrheic keratosis (SK), actinic keratosis (AK), and Bowen's disease (BD). The DNA distribution of large-cell acanthoma was variable. There were varying peaks at the DNA index values of 1 and 2 (diploid and tetraploid values), but all cases contained a significant aneuploid population between DNA index of 1 and 2. The mean DNA index was 1.44 (1.27-1.77); 1-20% of the cells exceeded 2, and 0-2% exceeded 3. The DNA index for lesions in the other differential diagnostic groups studied was as follows: SK, 1.0; AK, 1.4; BD, 1.8. The percentage of cells with positive nuclear staining for PCNA/cyclin was < 20% in all cases of large-cell acanthoma. The discrepancy between the high number of aneuploid and tetraploid cells observed on the DNA distribution curve and the lack of evidence for significant proliferation based on immunohistochemical stains suggest that these cells are resting cells with abnormal DNA clone. Although these results provide additional information about the biologic nature of large-cell acanthoma, they do not resolve the controversial nosologic status of lesions in this histologic group.

DNA↗
PubMed1997

Epidermolytic acanthomas: clinical characteristics and immunohistochemical features.

Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis in bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma results from mutations in the K1 and K10 genes. Epidermolytic acanthomas are solitary or multiple lesions with microscopic features that are identical to those in bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma. In this study, the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of epidermolytic acanthomas were summarized, and the expression of keratins (using antibodies to K1, K6, K10, K14, K16, and K19) in five solitary epidermolytic acanthomas was determined using immunohistochemistry techniques. The intensity of staining for K1 and K10 was (a) less in the altered granular layer, as compared to the adjacent nonaltered granular layer of the lesional skin, and (b) less in the lesional skin as compared to the perilesional, histologically normal-appearing skin. Expression of K6 and K16 was noted not only in the basal layer and suprabasal layers of the lesions, but also in the corresponding layers of the adjacent normal skin. Staining for K14 was also observed in the basal layers and suprabasal layers of the lesional and adjacent normal epidermis; within the lesional and perilesional normal skin, the intensity of positive staining for K14 was greater in the basal layers than in the suprabasal layers of the epidermis. The specimens did not stain for K19. In conclusion, using immunohistochemistry techniques on solitary epidermolytic acanthomas, we were able to demonstrate (1) an abnormality in K1 and K10 expression in the lesional skin as compared to the adjacent, histologically normal-appearing skin and (b) the expression of hyperproliferative keratins not only with the lesional skin, but also in the perilesional normal skin. We hypothesize that the pathogenesis of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis in lesions of solitary epidermolytic acanthomas results from mutations in the K1 and K10 genes.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Clear-cell acanthoma].

The basis for this review forms a series of 20 new cases of clear cell acanthomas and the literature on this subject. The clinical and histopathological characteristics of this not too rare skin tumor and newer histochemical and electron microscopical findings are discussed. Particular attention will be paid to the question of the position of the clear cell acanthomas within the group of intraepidermal acanthomas and the "clear-celled" tumors of the skin. Presently, the clear cell acanthoma can be classified as a benign epidermal tumor of unknown etiology. It is assumed that the clear cell acanthoma arises through a special disturbance of the differentiation of keratinocytes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Multiple large cell acanthomas.

Large cell acanthoma is a benign keratosis which occurs as a generally hyperkeratotic, sharply demarcated patch on actinically exposed skin. Clinically, it is usually misdiagnosed as a seborrheic keratosis or solar keratosis. The first two reports of multiple large cell acanthomas are described here. Clinical and histologic features were identical to a control series of sixteen solitary large cell acanthomas. Large cell acanthomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of solitary and multiple keratoses on sun-exposed skin.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1994

Pigmented clear cell acanthoma.

We present five cases of macroscopically pigmented clear cell acanthomas. Masson-Fontana silver stain revealed dendritic melanocytes containing melanin granules in large numbers interspersed among the tumoral keratinocytes. The dendritic cells expressed S-100 protein. Electromicroscopy, performed on one pigmented clear cell acanthoma, showed melanosomes in large numbers in the dendrites of melanocytes; whereas only a few melanosomes were found in the adjacent keratinocytes, indicating a disturbed melanin transfer. We propose the name "pigmented clear cell acanthoma" for this variant of Degos' acanthoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Multiple clear cell acanthomas--treatment by cryotherapy.

Clear cell acanthomas (Degos' acanthomas) are usually solitary tumours and an excisional diagnostic biopsy therefore provides effective treatment. Such an approach is, however, impractical in the much rarer condition of multiple clear cell acanthomas where up to 30 lesions have been described on one patient. We describe a case of multiple clear cell acanthomas in which cryotherapy provided a quick and convenient method of treatment resulting in minimal scarring especially when compared to excision biopsy.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗