Faculty development, remuneration and tenure.
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The National Health Service Knowledge and Skills Framework has been introduced as part of the Agenda for Change Reforms in the United Kingdom to link pay and career progression to competency. The purpose of this paper is to consider the implications for nurses, their managers and the impact on university departments delivering continuing professional development for nurses. The new system has the potential to increase the human resources management aspect of the clinical nurse managers' role and could have legal implications, for example if practitioners perceive that their needs for continuing professional development have been overlooked to the detriment of their pay and career aspirations. The new system also has implications for providers of continuing professional development in the universities and is likely to demand closer liaison between education providers and trust staff who commission education and training. The Knowledge and Skills Framework is of interest to nurses and nurse educators internationally because the system, if effective, could be introduced elsewhere.
The Partnership for the Public's Health work in supporting partnerships between local health departments and community-based organizations has offered important insights into the difficulties of changing public health practice to a more community-based model. Keys to these difficulties are workforce issues: availability, appropriateness of initial training, recruitment, retention, and issues of continuing education. These challenges and some positive examples are discussed.
The past decade has seen increasing demands for reform of dental education that would produce a graduate better equipped to work in the rapidly changing world of the twenty-first century. Among the most notable curriculum changes implemented in dental schools is a move toward Problem-Based Learning (PBL). PBL, in some form, has been a feature of medical education for several decades, but has only recently been introduced into dental schools. This paper discusses the rationale for the introduction of a PBL pedagogy into dental education, the modalities of PBL being introduced, and the implications of the introduction of PBL into dental schools. Matters related to implementation, faculty development, admissions, and assessment are addressed. Observations derived from a parallel-track dental PBL curriculum at the University of Southern California (USC) are presented and discussed. This program conforms to the Barrows (1998) concept of "authentic PBL" in that the program has no scheduled lectures and maintains a PBL pedagogy for all four years of the curriculum. The USC dental students working in the PBL curriculum have attained a high level of achievement on U.S. National Dental Boards (Part I) examinations, significantly superior to their peers working in a traditional lecture-based curriculum.
A systematic college-wide course review process can serve as an effective and efficient vehicle for both curricular management and faculty development. The purpose of this paper is to describe Phase I of an evolving course review process at the University of Kentucky College of Dentistry (UKCD). Phase 1 was designed to provide the foundation necessary to ultimately achieve an overall program of continuous evaluation that will produce sustainable curricular improvement and faculty renewal. The course review process includes elements of self-assessment and collaborative peer review. Elements of the current system include emphasis on both the curriculum as a whole and individual course characteristics. It encourages faculty to view their courses as part of the whole and to develop sensitivity to the impact their courses have on other parts of the curriculum. Equally important are the elements that focus on individual course elements and educational methodologies used.
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The VA Hospital in Columbia, MO, and the University of Missouri Medical Center conduct the largest shared laboratory service in the VA hospital system. Sharing has enabled these institutions to eliminate unnecessary duplication of resources, develop new laboratory capabilities in subspecialties, handle additional routine procedures, better use the expertise of senior staff pathologists, develop uniform standards, enhance quality assessment, and expand training programs.
The Operative Registry (DA Form 4108) has been the information source for surgical data supporting quality assurance and utilization review efforts at Madigan Army Medical Center. Recently, Madigan's requirements for data and reporting changed. Like other government medical facilities, Madigan began pervasive quality-improvement efforts. This resulted in new ideas to measure hospital performance. Consequently, requirements for surgical data required to support quality and resource management reporting, utilization review, residency review reporting, research and credentialing changed. This article details Madigan's approach to addressing these requirements via development of a comprehensive computing solution. It discusses Madigan's fragmented data environment before system development, and gives the reader perspective on the decision-making process that led to system development rather than purchasing a commercial product. Finally, the article describes how a strong partnership between staff and developers was key to providing a solution that exceeded established goals.
Teaching portfolios--a compilation of carefully selected materials that describe the faculty member's teaching activities in the classroom, clinical practice, and other settings--are being used more widely for documenting teaching effectiveness in nursing education programs. The purpose of the teaching portfolio is to document the full range of teaching competencies of the faculty member over a period of time. This article describes teaching portfolios and their uses in nursing education, items to include in a portfolio, and how to develop a portfolio.
In this review of the literature, the author evaluates research into supervisor and supervisee perceptions of the attributes of good clinical supervisors. Nursing studies are reviewed but, because of the relative dearth of studies on the topic, the author draws on the counselling, psychology and psychotherapy literature to develop comparisons.