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PubMed2026

Effectiveness of psychosocial and lifestyle interventions in promoting behaviour change and improving cognitive outcomes in older people with memory concerns: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Older adults with mild cognitive impairment or subjective cognitive decline have a greater dementia risk, particularly those from minority ethnic and socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds. Psychosocial and lifestyle interventions targeting modifiable risk factors offer hope for reducing risk, yet behavioural mechanisms remain unclear. This systematic review examines these mechanisms and associated outcomes. METHOD: We searched PubMed, Embase (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), Web of Science, and Scopus for randomised control trials testing interventions that aimed to improve lifestyle and cognition in older adults with memory concerns. We explored behavioural mechanisms using the COM-B model and synthesised intervention effectiveness, overall and within underserved groups. We prioritised lower risk of bias studies. RESULTS: 26 studies described 23 randomised controlled trials (14 multidomain, 9 single domain interventions). Certainty of evidence that behaviour change was associated with cognition was low. Moderate-certainty evidence indicated that interventions providing a socially supportive environment and combining nutritional education and counselling for 6 + months improved diet. Physical activity improved primarily in interventions incorporating education, structured training, and enablement strategies (e.g., tailored programmes, providing tools). Interventions simultaneously targeting capability, opportunity and motivation showed greater overall effectiveness. Few studies recorded ethnicity (13%) or sociodemographic status (9%), and none explored their impact. CONCLUSIONS: Non-pharmacological interventions can help this population improve their lifestyles if they feel capable, equipped and motivated, highlighting the value of careful design and implementation. There is scarce evidence on how these interventions work for underserved populations. Future research should explore this to inform tailored interventions and develop equitable dementia prevention strategies.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Redox Rewiring in Nicotine-Driven Gastric Carcinogenesis: Uncovering ROS-Dependent Oncogenic Circuits.

SIGNIFICANCE: Nicotine from tobacco products, secondhand smoke, and emerging delivery systems remains a major but underappreciated driver of gastric carcinogenesis (GC). Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) have long been implicated in tumor biology, current models incompletely explain how chronic nicotine selectively reprograms gastric epithelial signaling. This review advances the concept of redox rewiring, whereby nicotine establishes a persistent oxidative state that orchestrates multiple oncogenic programs via spatially compartmentalized NOX signaling. RECENT ADVANCES: We synthesize evidence for a unified model wherein nicotine activates nAChR/β-AR signaling, Ca2+ influx, PKC, and compartmentalized NOX-derived ROS to generate distinct oncogenic outputs. Beyond the established NOX/ROS/NF-κB/MAPK-driven IL-8 and MMP-9 axes, we integrate emerging evidence into three interconnected modules governing EMT/metastasis (ABL1/STAT3/COX-2/periostin), survival/chemoresistance (ERK/GLI1/Bcl-2), and invasion/immune evasion (miR-21/PDCD4). Collectively, these circuits suggest that ROS function not merely as damaging byproducts but as spatially organized signaling mediators dictating tumor behavior. CRITICAL ISSUES: A major challenge is distinguishing established mechanisms from incompletely validated models. The three proposed axes are testable hypotheses requiring experimental validation. Most data derive from in vitro studies with nonphysiologic nicotine concentrations, and artifacts from nonspecific ROS probes are common. Compensatory pathway activation and multi-target effects of natural products remain underexplored. FUTURE DIRECTIONS: We outline a precision-redox oncology roadmap linking pathway-specific biomarkers, mechanistically matched natural products, and biomarker-enriched trials. Priorities include genetic validation of the three axes, time-resolved ROS imaging, and pulsed natural product regimens. By reframing nicotine-driven GC as adaptive redox network remodeling, this review provides a framework for prevention, stratification, and next-generation therapy. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.

gastric cancer↗

PubMed2026

Non-coding RNAs and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is responsible for 70% of dementia cases worldwide, with tau hyperphosphorylation and amyloid-β plaque accumulation representing its core pathological hallmarks. Genetic predisposition, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation contribute to disease onset and progression. Non-coding ribonucleic acids (ncRNAs) are a class of RNAs which control gene expression and whose dysregulation in AD patients has been linked to amyloid production, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, which ranges from impaired energy metabolism to disrupted mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics. Our descriptive systematic review surveyed the involvement of ncRNAs in mitochondrial dysfunction in AD across experimental and clinical literature. We identified multiple microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) that directly regulate mitophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial autophagic, and apoptotic pathways, mitochondrial dynamics, and protein import mechanisms in AD models. Among the most important candidates demonstrating clinical dysregulation, miR-140 and lncRNA NEAT1 regulate mitophagy, while miR-9, miR-34a, miR-146a, miR-155, and miR-485 are implicated in mitochondrial biogenesis and miR-204 in mitochondrial autophagy. LncRNA BDNF-AS, miR-148a-3p, miR-21-5p, and miR-103a-3p emerged as regulators of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway with confirmed clinical dysregulation. Multiple ncRNAs control mitochondrial dynamics, of which miR-195, miR-124, and miR-455-3p have also been studied in AD patients. Additionally, several ncRNAs were found to indirectly regulate mitochondrial fission, autophagy, and apoptosis, although the underlying mechanisms require further characterization. Thus, while ncRNA-centered AD research is in its early stages, current mechanistic and translational evidence supports mitochondrially relevant ncRNAs as promising candidates for biomarker and therapeutic development.

Alzheimer Disease↗

PubMed2026

Comparative Efficacy of Tirzepatide Versus Semaglutide for Weight Loss in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Head-to-Head Studies.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide versus semaglutide for weight reduction in adults with overweight or obesity. We included randomised controlled trials and observational studies comparing tirzepatide and semaglutide with ≥ 24 weeks of follow-up. The primary outcome was percentage weight change from baseline. Secondary outcomes included absolute weight change, weight-loss thresholds, HbA1c and safety outcomes. Ten studies including 41 381 participants were analysed. Tirzepatide was associated with greater percentage weight reduction than semaglutide (MD -4.28 percentage points; 95% CI -5.28 to -3.28; p < 0.00001) and greater absolute weight loss (MD -4.43 kg; 95% CI -5.56 to -3.30; p < 0.00001). Tirzepatide was also associated with a higher likelihood of achieving ≥ 10%, ≥ 15% and ≥ 20% weight loss, with no difference at ≥ 5%. HbA1c reduction was greater with tirzepatide (MD -0.29%; p = 0.0002). Subgroup analyses by study design and type 2 diabetes status yielded consistent findings. There was no significant difference in treatment discontinuation due to adverse events (RR 1.28; p = 0.54), whereas serious adverse events were more frequent with tirzepatide (RR 1.83; p = 0.007). Overall and gastrointestinal adverse events were similar between groups. Tirzepatide was associated with greater weight reduction, greater glycaemic benefit and a higher likelihood of achieving weight-loss thresholds than semaglutide, but with a higher risk of serious adverse events.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

User Engagement and Feature Preferences in an AI-Powered mHealth Intervention for Diabetes Prevention: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Prediabetes is highly prevalent and increasing globally, yet lifestyle interventions remain underused. AI-driven mobile health (mHealth) tools can help scale diabetes prevention efforts, but the key factors driving their success are not well understood. OBJECTIVE: This post hoc secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed to characterize the most valued features and the role of user engagement in outcomes of a fully automated mHealth intervention for diabetes prevention. METHODS: Data from 151 participants with prediabetes and overweight or obesity who were assigned to an AI-based diabetes prevention program (Sweetch) in a parent RCT (NCT05056376) were analyzed. Engagement (defined as the total number of days the app was used) was categorized into tertiles (low, medium, and high). Baseline characteristics were compared across engagement groups using ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and chi-square tests, and regression models assessed the association between engagement and achievement of diabetes risk reduction outcomes (≥5% weight loss, ≥4% weight loss with ≥150 min/week of physical activity, or ≥0.2 percentage point reduction in hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] at 12 months). Perceived usefulness of intervention features was surveyed at 12 months. RESULTS: Median engagement was 98 (IQR 34-232) days. Older age (P<.001) and lower baseline BMI (P=.04) were significantly associated with higher engagement. Compared with low engagement, high engagement was associated with greater odds of achieving the composite diabetes risk reduction outcome (odds ratio [OR] 2.59, 95% CI 1.11-6.01; P=.03), ≥5% weight loss (OR 3.31, 95% CI 1.16-9.42; P=.03), and ≥0.2 percentage point reduction in HbA1c (OR 3.57, 95% CI 1.19-10.75; P=.02). Participants most frequently rated weight tracking, physical activity tracking, and the digital body weight scale as the features that were most helpful for achieving their health goals. CONCLUSIONS: Higher engagement with an AI-driven intervention requiring no human intervention was associated with improved diabetes risk reduction. Contrary to concerns about lower digital literacy, older adults engaged with the intervention more than younger adults. Features related to weight and physical activity tracking were most valued by patients in the program. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05056376; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05056376.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Depth-dependent microbial succession and interspecies hydrogen transfer drive pit mud maturation in Chinese strong-flavor baijiu fermentation.

Microbial communities in fermentation pit mud play a key role in determining the quality of Chinese strong-flavor baijiu (CSFB). However, the ecological processes underlying pit mud maturation across spatial and temporal scales remain unclear. In this study, amplicon sequencing and metagenomic analyses were employed to investigate the taxonomic succession, community assembly, and metabolic functions of bacterial and archaeal communities during the transition from fresh pit mud (FPM) to new pit mud (NPM) and old pit mud (OPM). A pronounced depth-dependent succession pattern was observed, with 4 cm representing a critical ecological boundary separating distinct community structures and maturation trajectories. During surface-layer maturation, community assembly shifted from stochastic to deterministic processes, accompanied by homogeneous selection and increasing network complexity. In contrast, stochastic processes remained dominant throughout deep-layer maturation. Metagenomic analyses revealed a functional transition from lactate and acetate production, primarily associated with Lactobacillus in FPM and NPM, to butyrate and caproate production associated with Clostridium and Caproiciproducens in OPM. This functional transition was accompanied by enhanced amino acid metabolism, which was associated with the enrichment of Proteiniphilum and Aminobacterium. Notably, methanogen-mediated interspecies hydrogen transfer (IHT) emerged as a key ecological feature during pit mud maturation. In OPM, IHT networks primarily involving Methanobacterium and Methanosarcina linked methanogenesis with reverse β-oxidation through diverse hydrogen-transfer pathways, reinforcing metabolic interactions underlying caproate production. These findings provide new insights into the ecological mechanisms underlying pit mud maturation and offer a theoretical basis for the directed cultivation of high-quality pit mud in CSFB production.

Hydrogen↗

PubMed2026

In situ product monitoring in heterogeneous reaction of gaseous trimethylamine on Fe2O3/Fe(NO3)3: Effect of environmental factor and particle property.

Gas-particle reactions represent an important atmospheric heterogeneous transformation process for organic amines (OAs). Environmental factors and particle properties may impact the gas-particle reaction products. Although the products from gas-particle reactions can be monitored by various in situ techniques, related data remain scarce. Here, the interfacial and gaseous products from the reaction of trimethylamine on Fe2O3/Fe(NO3)3 particles under light irradiation with mixed NO2, O2, SO2 and H2O were monitored using in-situ diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Dark reaction of gaseous trimethylamine on Fe2O3/Fe(NO3)3 generated two interfacial products types: N-containing ones (CH3NCH2, CH3NO2, (CH3)2NCHO, and CH3N(OH)CHO) and N-free ones (alcohols, aldehydes and acids), both accumulating with reaction progression. Light irradiation and O2 oxidation enhanced formation of these products, while NO2 promoted the production of CH3NO2 and (CH3)2NCHO. H2O and SO2 occupied the active sites of particles to inhibit the formation of all products. Compared to Fe(NO3)3, Fe2O3 showed absolute dominance in contribution to the formation of products. Considering the smaller particle size of Fe2O3 and excess Fe(NO3)3, the physical mixing of them reduced the generation of interfacial products. Furthermore, gaseous products of CH3OH, HCHO, CH3CHO, HCOOH and CH3COOH detection clarified the N-free interfacial products. The presence of Fe(NO3)3 inhibited the formation of HCOOH and favored the formation of CH3CHO in the gas phase. By combining product information with thermodynamic calculations, the heterogeneous reaction pathways of trimethylamine were tentatively proposed. These findings provide a guiding significance for the migration of OAs in real atmospheric environment.

Methylamines↗

PubMed2026

Effects of intradialytic nutrition on dialysis adequacy and fatigue in hemodialysis patients: a randomized crossover study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess intradialytic nutrition's effects on dialysis adequacy and fatigue in maintenance hemodialysis patients. METHODS: A randomized, two-period, two-sequence, self-controlled crossover trial was conducted in two outpatient hemodialysis centers in Türkiye. Thirty-six patients were randomized; 32 completed both periods. The participants received standardized intradialytic nutrition in one period and no food intake during the control period. Dialysis adequacy was evaluated using the urea reduction ratio and single-pool Kt/V. Intradialytic blood pressure was recorded during dialysis sessions, and fatigue severity was measured using the Piper Fatigue Scale at the end of each period. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in dialysis adequacy or fatigue scores between the two periods. Intradialytic nutrition was associated with greater reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, particularly during the second hour of dialysis. No clinically relevant adverse events occurred. CONCLUSION: Intradialytic nutrition did not compromise dialysis adequacy or worsen fatigue severity but was associated with increased intradialytic blood pressure reductions. Individualized clinical decisions and careful hemodynamic monitoring are warranted when implementing intradialytic nutritional interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT07687498.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Autophagy activation in granulosa cells as a mechanism of astaxanthin action: evidence from a pilot randomised trial in PMOS-associated infertility.

Astaxanthin (AST) has been reported to influence oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis in women with polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome (PMOS), formerly referred to as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but its effects on granulosa-cell (GC) autophagy remain unclear. Given the central role of autophagy in follicular development, this triple-blind, placebo-controlled pilot randomised trial evaluated whether AST modulates autophagy-related signalling in GCs and how these molecular effects relate to ovarian response. Fifty women with PMOS-related anovulatory infertility were enrolled between November 2023 and September 2024 and received AST (12 mg/day) or placebo for six weeks prior to oocyte retrieval; forty-four completed the study (21 AST, 23 placebo). Primary exploratory endpoints were molecular markers of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-autophagy signalling, and primary clinical outcomes included ovarian response indicators and cleavage stage embryo quality. AST supplementation increased autophagy-related gene 7 (ATG7) expression, enhanced autophagy flux, reduced apoptosis, and showed a trend toward increased AMPK activation. Before adjustment, AST improved oocyte maturity rate (OMR) and increased mature (metaphase II; MII) oocyte yield. After adjusting for age, body mass index, and anti-mullerian hormone level, total oocyte and MII oocyte yields remained significantly higher with AST, while OMR became non-significant. Among embryology outcomes, both the top-ranking embryo rate and the number of embryos suitable for cryopreservation were significantly higher with AST after adjustment. Pregnancy outcomes were numerically higher but not statistically significant. This pilot trial suggests that AST activates autophagy- and apoptosis-related pathways in GCs and may enhance oocyte competence and embryo quality in PMOS. Larger studies are needed to confirm these mechanistic and clinical effects.

Female↗

PubMed2026

BRAIN-Diabetes: Acceptability of an adapted FINGER multidomain intervention among adults living with type 2 diabetes in rural border regions across the island of Ireland.

BackgroundIndividuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) face increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Multidomain lifestyle interventions offer a non-pharmacological strategy to support brain health in this high-risk group.ObjectiveThis study examined the acceptability of a culturally adapted FINGER-based intervention among adults living with T2DM in rural border regions of Ireland (BRAIN-Diabetes Trial).MethodsA 6-month pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted. The intervention group received a multidomain program targeting diet, physical activity, and computerized cognitive training (CCT). The control group received standard care. Acceptability was assessed using questionnaires (all participants) and semi-structured interviews (intervention participants). Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively and qualitative data using template analysis, guided by four a-priori themes: trial participation and engagement, dietary behavior change, exercise behavior change, and CCT behavior change.ResultsQuestionnaire data (intervention: n = 28; control: n = 36) indicated high overall acceptability. Dietary and exercise components were rated most positively, while CCT component was less well received. Interviews (n = 25) highlighted facilitators to trial engagement, including perceived health improvements, and social connection, with time constraints and limited personalization as barriers. Dietary change was supported by tailored guidance but hindered by cost and availability. Facilitators for exercise included accessible resources and perceived benefits, with barriers including competing priorities. CCT engagement was mixed, with challenges including digital access and repetitiveness.ConclusionsThe Brain-Diabetes intervention was acceptable and feasible among adults with T2DM. Personalized support and accessible resources were key to engagement. Future work should refine delivery to enhance scalability and long-term adherence among high-risk groups.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Novel environmental contaminant 6PPD-quinone promotes malignant phenotypes in colorectal cancer cells and identifies candidate response-associated genes.

6PPD-quinone (6PPDQ), an oxidative transformation product of the widely used tire antioxidant 6PPD, is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant with bioaccumulation potential and widespread human exposure. Recent epidemiological evidence indicates a positive association between urinary 6PPDQ levels and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk; however, its biological effects on CRC-related phenotypes and associated molecular responses remain unclear. We integrated bioinformatics analysis, prognostic modeling, molecular docking and dynamics simulations, and in vitro experiments to investigate cellular and molecular responses to 6PPDQ in CRC models. Predicted 6PPDQ targets were intersected with CRC prognosis-related genes from The Cancer Genome Atlas, followed by functional enrichment and LASSO regression to construct a prognostic risk model, with 1-, 3-, and 5-year AUC values of 0.727, 0.754, and 0.778, respectively. Molecular docking and 100-ns molecular dynamics simulations suggested interactions between 6PPDQ and candidate proteins, including CPT2, SHC2, SRMS, and STK35. Functional assays showed that 6PPDQ exposure altered proliferation, wound-closure capacity, and invasion in Caco-2 and HCT116 cells across the nanomolar concentration range, with non-monotonic and cell-line-dependent responses. In contrast, NCM460 cells showed no increase in EdU incorporation at 10 or 100 nM, whereas reduced proliferation at higher concentrations was accompanied by increased LDH release. 6PPDQ also altered the expression of several prognosis-associated candidate genes. These findings identify cellular phenotypes and candidate molecular responses associated with 6PPDQ exposure under the tested in vitro conditions, but do not establish their causal roles or in vivo relevance. Further mechanistic and in vivo studies are required.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Illicium verum polysaccharide targets fimbriae and flagella to disrupt biofilm and inhibit multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli proliferation.

The widespread dissemination of multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli has led to a decrease in the efficacy of antibiotics, posing severe challenges to clinical anti-infective therapy. Owing to their safety, multitarget activities, and low risk of inducing drug resistance, plant polysaccharides represent a promising alternative strategy. In this study, an acidic polysaccharide (IVP-3) was isolated and purified from the medicinal and edible plant Illicium verum, and it was found to inhibit MDR E. coli colonization by disrupting its biofilm. The Mw of IVP-3 was determined to be 35.566 kDa. Its backbone consists of →4)-α-D-GalpA-6-OMe-(1→, →4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→, →4)-β-D-Galp-(1→, and →3,4)-α-D-GalpA-(1 → residues, whereas the branched chain is composed of α-L-Araf-(1 → 5)-α-L-Araf-(1 → attached to the O-5 position of →2,5)-α-L-Araf-(1→, which is further linked to the O-3 position of the backbone. Mechanistically, IVP-3 disrupts the structure of fimbriae and flagella, inhibits bacterial motility, effectively prevents initial biofilm adhesion, and eradicates preformed mature biofilms. Additionally, IVP-3 damages cell membrane integrity, disrupts the proton motive force, and induces energy metabolism disorder, efflux pump inhibition, and oxidative stress, ultimately leading to bacterial lysis. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of natural antibacterial agents targeting MDR E. coli biofilms and for the high-value utilization of Illicium verum.

Biofilms↗

PubMed2026

Ecotoxicological responses of aquatic macrophytes to 2,4-D: A global synthesis of species sensitivity and ecological risk.

The widespread use of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) has raised concern about its persistence, mobility, and effects on non-target aquatic vegetation in freshwater ecosystems. Here, we provide a global synthesis of the ecotoxicological responses of aquatic macrophytes to 2,4-D based on a PRISMA-guided systematic review of 86 peer-reviewed studies published between 1947 and 2025. A consistent gradient of species-specific sensitivity was observed across macrophyte growth forms. The submerged species Myriophyllum spicatum showed high susceptibility, with EC₅₀ values of 0.04-0.182 mg/L and marked growth inhibition at low concentrations, whereas floating species such as Lemna minor and Pontederia crassipes were more tolerant, requiring higher concentrations (7.08 to >100 and 8.1 mg/L, respectively) to produce comparable effects. Importantly, this sensitivity ranking was consistent across laboratory and field experimental settings. These interspecific differences likely reflect variation in herbicide uptake, translocation, and detoxification capacity associated with growth form. The overlap between EC₅₀ values for M. spicatum and regulatory thresholds for 2,4-D in surface waters suggests that current limits may be insufficient to protect sensitive submerged macrophyte communities. Regarding remediation, L. minor and Salvinia natans emerged as the most promising candidates for phytoremediation, while P. crassipes showed limited capacity to reduce herbicide concentrations in water. Despite advances, no study directly compared oxidative stress biomarkers between submerged and floating species, representing a critical gap in understanding the biochemical basis of the sensitivity gradient. Overall, this synthesis highlights the need to account for taxon-dependent sensitivity when evaluating the ecological risks of 2,4-D and provides a basis for improving regulatory frameworks and management of herbicide contamination in freshwater ecosystems.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗

PubMed2026

Fatty acids and breast cancer: Epidemiology, subtype-specific metabolism, immune regulation, and clinical translation.

Fatty acids (FAs) are bioactive dietary and metabolic molecules that participate in membrane architecture, energy homeostasis, inflammatory signaling, gene regulation and immune function, all of which intersect with breast cancer (BC) risk, progression and treatment response. In this narrative review we integrate epidemiological, clinical, translational and mechanistic evidence on the role of FAs in BC. Saturated, monounsaturated, trans- and polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) are treated as distinct biological exposures rather than interchangeable measures of total fat intake. Similarly, evidence from dietary assessment, circulating biomarkers, erythrocyte membrane composition, adipose tissue stores and tumor lipid signatures is interpreted separately, because each captures exposure and biology at a different level. BC subtypes differ in FA synthesis, uptake, oxidation, storage and remodeling: luminal tumors are frequently linked to hormone-regulated lipogenesis, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive tumors to growth-factor-driven lipid metabolism, and triple-negative tumors to exogenous FA uptake, inflammatory lipid mediators and ferroptosis-related vulnerabilities. FA-derived mediators also shape immune-cell polarization, cytokine signaling and the tumor microenvironment, and dietary FAs may reshape the gut microbiota; the fiber-derived short-chain FAs it produces, distinct from dietary FAs, likewise help regulate immune and inflammatory tone. Clinical data suggest possible roles for fat-quality modification and selected n-3 PUFA interventions, but findings are heterogeneous and not yet sufficient to support routine biomarker-guided precision onco-nutrition. Candidate biomarkers, such as erythrocyte n-6:n-3 composition, require prospective validation before clinical implementation. FA biology thus represents a modifiable but complex axis in BC prevention, tumor biology and supportive care.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

"It was good because they have a relationship with us": A qualitative study on low-threshold buprenorphine treatment at syringe services programs.

INTRODUCTION: Syringe service programs (SSPs) reach people who inject drugs with opioid use disorder (OUD) and are novel "low-threshold" venues to initiate buprenorphine treatment. The study investigated patients' experiences with SSP-initiated buprenorphine treatment, which could aid in improving buprenorphine treatment delivery at SSPs. METHODS: The study included 12 participants who completed qualitative exit interviews after a randomized controlled trial of buprenorphine treatment at SSPs. In the parent study, participants received buprenorphine treatment through an onsite model at an SSP or enhanced referral to a community health center based on the randomization sequence. Most participants started taking buprenorphine at home. Exit interviews included participants from both study arms, and the semi-structured interview guide focused on their experiences with clinicians, experiences initiating buprenorphine, prior experiences with OUD treatment, and perceptions about continuing buprenorphine treatment. Four researchers iteratively read, coded, and discussed each transcript, then they derived recurring themes using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Participants were mostly male, middle-aged, and 50% identified as Latino. Four main themes related to buprenorphine treatment initiation: 1) Onsite treatment facilitated buprenorphine prescription, but some participants also expressed a need for additional support; 2) Precipitated withdrawal complicated participants' buprenorphine initiation in both arms; 3) Participants largely experienced the SSPs as affirming and welcoming; and 4) Developing strong relationships with healthcare providers was critical to successful buprenorphine treatment initiation. CONCLUSIONS: The SSP-based model provided rapid access to buprenorphine prescriptions, but precipitated withdrawal was a common complication. Some participants desired additional support and guidance when they started taking buprenorphine at home. The findings point to a "low-threshold, high-touch" approach where participants receive expedited access to buprenorphine providers at SSPs but also additional support throughout the initiation process to avoid and/or manage precipitated withdrawal. Despite some challenges, SSP-based buprenorphine treatment was highly valued by study participants.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Efficacy of targeted neuromodulation treatments: a clinical report.

BACKGROUND: Peripheral neuropathy is a debilitating condition characterized by chronic pain, numbness, tingling, burning, and tightness/swelling. Conventional therapies often focus on symptom management, and some patients experience chronic and refractory symptoms. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This retrospective clinical analysis evaluated the clinical outcomes of neuromodulation neuropathy treatment using the NeuroGen-Series device in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) or idiopathic peripheral neuropathy (IPN). 9,805 unique patients who underwent 133,741 treatments between 18 August 2017, and 23 July 2024, were analyzed. Patients were divided into treatment completers (≥24 sessions) and noncompleters (<24 sessions). Paired t-tests confirmed statistically significant reductions in pre- and post-treatment symptom scores (p < 0.001). RESULTS: Among completers, symptom severity decreased by an average of 46.2%. Tingling and pain showed the greatest improvement, while tightness/swelling and numbness showed the least reduction. 64% of patients reported improvement after one session, and 84% reported improvement after 24 sessions. Nonresponders accounted for 5.8% of patients overall. Younger patients and those with higher initial symptom severity were more likely to discontinue treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, neuromodulation treatment resulted in statistically significant reductions in symptom severity, though nonresponders and high attrition rate highlight the need for individualized treatment strategies and further investigation.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Optimizing physical activity bouts to interrupt sedentary behaviour for cardiometabolic health: a systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials.

AIMS: Chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases are leading causes of mortality worldwide, with sedentary behaviour (SB) and physical inactivity recognized as major interrelated risk factors. Prolonged SB, particularly when combined with insufficient physical activity, adversely affects cardiometabolic health. This systematic review aimed to evaluate which characteristics of physical activity (PA) bouts, in terms of frequency, duration, and intensity, are associated with improvements in cardiometabolic outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS: Studies assessing physical activity interventions compared with sedentary control conditions were included. Eligible studies involved adults aged 18-65 years, with or without cardiometabolic conditions. PubMed, Cochrane Central, Embase, and Web of Science were searched to February 2025. Random-effects models were used to calculate pooled standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Subgroup and meta-regression analyses explored potential moderators. A total of 144 studies (247 intervention arms; 2216 participants) were included. Frequent PA bouts reduced blood glucose [SMD -0.22 (95% CI -0.27 to -0.16)]. Longer and/or more intense PA bouts decreased triglycerides [SMD -0.27 (-0.34 to -0.19)], with significant duration × intensity interactions for glucose (P = 0.032) and triglycerides (P < 0.001). Moderate-to-vigorous PA bouts improved endothelial function [flow-mediated dilation SMD 0.88 (0.47-2.24); shear rate SMD 0.54 (0.31-0.78)]. PA bouts also lowered insulin [SMD -0.26 (-0.32 to -0.19)], systolic BP [SMD -0.29 (-0.39 to -0.19)], and diastolic BP [SMD -0.16 (-0.26 to -0.05)]. CONCLUSION: In acute experimental settings, glucose regulation appears to benefit more from frequent PA bouts, while triglyceride responses are more closely related to greater duration and/or intensity. Blood pressure shows favourable acute responses across PA types, whereas higher PA intensity is associated with improved endothelial function. Tailoring strategies to interrupt SB with PA bouts may help inform approaches to improve cardiometabolic health.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Transcriptomics reveals species-specific adaptive strategies to calorie restriction in two Argopecten scallops with distinct lifespans.

Calorie restriction (CR) is a well-established non-genetic intervention for lifespan extension in multiple model organisms. Seasonal food shortage in cold and temperate seas may mimic CR, inducing in bivalves a response similar to that in vertebrates and thereby prolonging life expectancy. However, the relationship and the mechanism underlying the food availability and lifespan in bivalves remain largely unexplored. Two closely related scallop species the short-lived warm-water Argopecten irradians (lifespan <2 years) and the longer-lived cold-water Argopecten purpuratus (7-10 years) provide an ideal comparative system to investigate species-specific adaptive strategies. In this study, we subjected both species to CR for 30 and 56 days and performed comparative transcriptomic profiling, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and physiological assays to elucidate their distinct molecular responses. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that A. purpuratus exhibited substantially more DEGs than A. irradians at both time points under CR, with both species showing downregulation of metabolic pathways but to different extents. A. irradians mounted an early nutrient-sensing response at 30 days (IGF1R, PIK3R3, INSR suppression), indicating acute sensitivity to limitation; by contrast, A. purpuratus displayed delayed FoxO activation at 56 days, along with its downstream effectors NFKBIA, CREB3L4, and SMAD4, suggesting a gradual adaptive program may link to its extended lifespan. WGCNA identified three negatively correlated modules in each species, with coral2 being the most prominent in A. irradians and darkolivegreen in A. purpuratus. The former was dominated by ciliary motility genes, whereas the latter featured coordinated repression of oxidative phosphorylation. Additionally, both species exhibited conserved suppression of mTOR/S6K growth signaling and activation of cellular maintenance programs. Collectively, these findings expand the understanding of CR-mediated longevity regulation in bivalves and provide candidate gene resources for future functional studies and breeding programs.

Pectinidae↗