Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Admixture”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Treatment of experimental candidosis with amphotericin B-Intralipid admixtures in immunocompromised mice.

The main goal of this research was the evaluation of the efficacy of amphotericin B (AMB) in comparison with AMB-Intralipid (AMB-IL) admixtures in cyclophosphamide (CY)-compromised animals for the treatment of systemic candidosis induced by several pathogenic Candida spp. Four-week-old ICR female mice were inoculated ip with 200 mg/kg of CY. At day 4 post-CY treatment the animals were inoculated iv with Candida albicans, Candida glabrata or Candida tropicalis (different inocula for the different species). Forty-eight hours later various doses of conventional AMB (0.4-1 mg/kg for 5 days) or AMB-IL admixtures (0.4-2 mg/kg for 5 days) were administered iv and the survival rate and mean survival time (MST) were evaluated during an observation period of up to 42 days. These experiments showed that while all control animals died, the survival rate of the AMB-treated mice ranged between 13 and 65% and that of the AMB-IL-treated mice was in the range 30-100% depending on the infecting dose and Candida species. The follow-up of the course of infection showed that AMB-IL admixtures increased the survival time of the treated mice. The MST was significantly higher for the mice treated with AMB-IL than for those treated with conventional AMB and was especially marked in the groups treated with high doses of the drug. Hence, the data obtained in the present study show that in CY-compromised mice AMB-IL admixtures were very effective in the treatment of systemic candidosis caused by C. albicans and non-albicans species.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1992

Insufflated halothane increases venous admixture less than nitroprusside in canine atelectasis.

Although it generally is agreed that halothane is a pulmonary vasodilator, its effect on venous admixture and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction are more controversial. The effects of 2.4% halothane on pulmonary vascular resistance and venous admixture were investigated in an isolated canine lobe made atelectatic. Halothane was administered by three different methods: insufflation, addition to the pulmonary artery blood through a bubble deoxygenator, or a combination of both techniques. Pulmonary vascular resistance was divided into arterial, venous, and middle segmental resistance by a vascular occlusion technique. Middle resistance increased with 3% O2 ventilation (0.0238 +/- 0.0092 cmH2O.ml-1.min-1) or after production of atelectasis (0.0225 +/- 0.0074 cmH2O.ml-1.min-1), compared to control ventilation in the nonatelectatic lung 0.01 +/- 0.0067 cmH2O.ml-1.min-1). Halothane by any delivery method variably decreased middle resistance, with increasing potency from addition of halothane through the bubble deoxygenator (0.0118 +/- 0.0047 cmH2O.ml-1.min-1) to halothane insufflation (0.0072 +/- 0.0058 cmH2O.ml-1.min-1), and finally to a combination of both techniques (0.0026 +/- 0.0041 cmH2O.ml-1.min-1). In contrast to vascular resistance, venous admixture in the atelectatic (8 +/- 5%) and nonatelectatic lobes (7 +/- 4%) was increased with halothane insufflation (11 +/- 4%), addition of halothane through the bubble deoxygenator (26 +/- 16%), and a combination of both techniques (22 +/- 13%). Compared to intravenous nitroprusside (26 +/- 12%), halothane insufflation was less potent in increasing venous admixture when total pulmonary vascular resistances were of similar magnitude (0.0526 +/- 0.0112 and 0.0484 +/- 0.0088 cmH2O.ml-1.min-1, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Therapeutic antitumor response after immunization with an admixture of recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing a modified MUC1 gene and the murine T-cell costimulatory molecule B7.

Tumor-associated antigens have considerable promise not only as diagnostic or prognostic markers but also as targets for active or passive immunotherapy. DF3/MUC1 is a tumor-associated antigen that is overexpressed with an abnormal glycosylation pattern in breast, ovarian, lung, and pancreatic cancers. The major extracellular portion of MUC1 is composed of tandem repeat units of 20 amino acids. Recombinant vaccinia viruses encoding mucin molecules have been constructed by several groups. However, these recombinants have met with limited success in protecting animals from MUC1-expressing tumors because of the vaccinia genome being subject to high-frequency homologous recombination, therefore being unstable in expression of the tandem repeats. In light of these studies, two concurrent strategies were used to improve immune responses to MUC1: a recombinant vaccinia virus was constructed containing a modified "mini" MUC1 gene containing only 10 tandem repeat sequences to minimize vaccinia-mediated rearrangement (designated rV-MUC1); and an admixture was used containing rV-MUC1 and a recombinant vaccinia virus containing the gene for the murine T-cell costimulatory molecule B7-1 (rV-B7). The rV-MUC1 gene product maintained a consistent molecular weight throughout several passages, indicating stability of the inserted gene. Mice inoculated with rV-MUC1 demonstrated MUC1-specific cytolytic responses that were further enhanced by admixture with rV-B7. In a MUC1-expressing pulmonary metastases prevention model, mice inoculated two times with rV-MUC1 were protected from the establishment of metastases. No additive effect on antitumor immunity (> 90% with rV-MUC1 alone) was observed in mice primed with an admixture of rV-MUC1 and rV-B7 and boosted with rV-MUC1. When rV-MUC1 was used to treat established MUC1 positive metastases, however, three administrations of rV-MUC1 were not sufficient to confer antitumor effects. In contrast, when tumor-bearing mice were primed with an admixture of rV-MUC1 and rV-B7, followed by two boosts with rV-MUC1, there was a significant reduction in pulmonary metastases (p = < 0.0001), which correlated to 100% survival. Coexpression of the B7 molecule, although not necessary for the induction of an immune response of sufficient magnitude to prevent MUC1 tumors, was thus essential in a treatment setting.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Rapid admixture blood warming: technical advances.

The technique of rapid admixture blood warming of cold erythrocyte units is designed to warm erythrocyte units rapidly (less than 30 sec) while simultaneously providing saline for dilution. However, questions have been raised about the recommended use of a standard 250-ml bolus of 70 degrees C admixture saline, the uniformity and speed of blood unit warming, the difficulties inherent in keeping saline bags at 70 degrees C, and the safety of the methodology. To answer these questions, a series of tests were performed and modifications of the technique were introduced. The mean weight of 1000 successive units of erythrocytes for adult infusion was 305 g (range 220 to 410). The maximum temperature was 44 degrees C, using an internal temperature probe (1-cm temperature gradations; 2-sec recording intervals) when the smallest unit was admixed with a 250 ml 70 degrees C saline bolus; the largest unit had a minimum temperature of 30 degrees C. Plasma Hgb, osmotic fragility, and K of the minimum size erythrocyte unit showed no significant deviation from its control. Both thermographic photographs and the internal temperature recordings of the erythrocyte units demonstrated that solely due to fluid turbulence, uniform mixing occurs within approximately 30 sec of beginning the admixture process. Inverting the blood units caused a thermal layering of fluids and an unacceptable maximum blood temperature of 50 degrees C. There was no difference between the mixing time or efficacy in the presence of standard or large-bore iv tubing or additional in-line filters. Volumes of the 250-ml saline bags for admixture decreased markedly with deviations in electrolyte composition after greater than 2 wk at 70 degrees C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed2025

Large-scale admixture mapping in the All of Us Research Program improves the characterization of cross-population phenotypic differences.

Admixed individuals have largely been understudied in medical research due to their complex genetic ancestries. However, the consideration of admixture can help identify ancestry-enriched genetic associations, delineating some of the genetic underpinnings of cross-population phenotypic variation. To this end, we performed local ancestry inference within the All of Us Research Program to identify individuals with recent admixture between African (AFR) and European (EUR) populations (N=48,921). We identified evidence of local AFR ancestry enrichment at the HLA locus, suggestive of putative selection since admixture. Furthermore, we performed the largest admixture mapping (ADM) efforts in AFR-EUR Admixed individuals for 22 traits, identifying 71 associations between inferred local AFR ancestries and a trait. Variants from published GWAS could only account for 18 (25%) of the ADM associations, highlighting novel loci where ancestral haplotypes explained some phenotypic variation. Previous studies likely have not identified these loci due to the low availability of high-powered GWAS in populations genetically similar to AFR. One such loci was 9q21.33, associated with 1.4-fold risk of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) for carriers of inferred local AFR ancestries at the region. This locus contains the gene SLC28A3, which has previously been linked to kidney function but has never been associated with cross-population ESKD prevalence differences. Together, our results expand upon the existing literature on phenotypic differences between populations, highlighting loci where genetic ancestries play a critical role in the genetic architecture of disease.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

Stability studies on admixtures of 5-fluorouracil with carboplatin and 5-fluorouracil with heparin for administration in continuous infusion regimens.

The therapeutic index of several anticancer agents may be improved by replacing rapid infusion/bolus injection schedules with prolonged continuous infusion regimens. Admixtures of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) with carboplatin and 5FU with heparin were subjected to stability studies to establish the feasibility of administering these infusions on an in-patient and out-patient basis, respectively. In the first study the stability of carboplatin was determined in an admixture of carboplatin and 5FU for neoadjuvant treatment of in-patients with oesophageal carcinoma by 5-day infusion. A previous study had reported significant carboplatin degradation in 5FU/carboplatin admixtures. Our results were consistent with this study and demonstrated that under ward conditions (25 degrees C) carboplatin also degraded (16% in 24 h) in dilute admixtures with 5FU. However, the addition of a citric acid buffer, which reduced infusion pH from 8.65 to 6.5, increased the stability of carboplatin (4.8% degradation in 24 h), without compromising 5FU solubility or stability. In a second study, the stability of an infusion containing 5FU and heparin was determined. Prolonged continuous infusion is routinely used for adjuvant treatment of colorectal carcinoma but episodes of thromboses and occlusion of the central venous catheter have been associated with this treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Carboplatin↗
PubMed1977

The effects of posture on venous admixture and respiratory dead space in health.

Alveolar-arterial PO2 difference ([A-a]PO2), venous admixture, and physiologic dead space were measured in 24 healthy men and women 23 to 72 years of age in the sitting and supine positions, breathing air, breathing O2, and breathing O2 in deep breaths. In the supine (but not the sitting) position, (A-a)PO2 and venous admixture, breathing both air and O2, were more highly correlated with the difference between closing volume and expiratory reserve volume than with age. The change in (A-a)PO2 and venous admixture from sitting to lying was related to the change in closing volume minus expiratory reserve volume, during both air and O2 breathing. These results confirm previous work on the contribution of gravity-dependent airway closure to the air-breathing venous admixture. They further indicate that the same mechanism is important when O2 is breathed, and it may account for most of the alveoli that close during O2 breathing because of critically low ventilation perfusion ratios. Physiologic dead space in the supine position may be predicted by subtracting 12.5% from the normal sitting value for the same tidal volume and respiratory frequency.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The growth of microorganisms in total parenteral nutrition admixtures.

Total nutrient admixtures (TNAs) containing glucose, amino acids, and lipid emulsion in one container and amino acid/dextrose solutions [conventional total parenteral nutrition (TPN) formulations] were studied in a controlled laboratory experiment for their ability to support the growth of microorganisms. Both TNA and conventional TPN formulations for peripheral and central venous administration with standard additives were inoculated with microorganisms to provide 10(1)-10(2) colony-forming units/ml (CFU/ml) of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Candida albicans. The admixtures were stored at room temperature and samples for quantitative microbiology were taken at time 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr. K. pneumoniae, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa were able to proliferate in central TNAs, but the growth of these organisms was retarded in conventional TPN solutions. In the peripheral formulations, K. pneumoniae and E. coli proliferated in both the TNA and conventional TPN systems, whereas P. aeruginosa grew well only in the peripheral TNA. S. epidermidis was not able to grow in any admixtures tested; however, C. albicans grew well in all admixtures, but growth was slower in the conventional central TPN. In conclusion, peripheral and central TNAs supported the growth of microorganisms significantly better than conventional TPN solutions.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of in-line filtration on lipid particle size distribution in total nutrient admixtures.

BACKGROUND: The recent Food and Drug Administration Safety Alert recommends in-line filtration for all total parenteral nutrition admixtures. Although rigid crystalline particulates can be effectively removed by in-line filters, the fate of flexible lipid droplets (LDs) enlarged through electromechanical destabilization is less clear. Lipid globules > 5 microns could lodge in the pulmonary microvasculature and produce an embolic syndrome. Recent evidence suggests that TNAs (Total Nutrient Admixtures) with LDs of 5 microns or more constituting > 0.4% of the final fat concentration are unstable. METHODS: Six pairs of 1.5-L TNA dispersions of varying degrees of stability were prepared in duplicate (n = 12) and studied over 30 hours. The number of enlarged fat globules was assessed by laser light extinction for all LDs > or = 1.75 microns at 0, 6, 24, and 30 hours after preparation. After LD assessments at time 0, admixtures were placed in a temperature-controlled chamber at 25 degrees C +/- 0.1 degree C. At 6 hours, a simulated patient infusion was begun using a 1.2-microns filter at a continuous flow rate of 55 mL/h. Pre- and postfiltration samples were taken at 6, 24, and 30 hours, equal to times 0, 18, and 24 hours of the simulated infusion. A repeated measure two-way analysis of variance assessing treatment and time was performed. Dependent variable analyses included number-weighting of fat globules as > 5 microns (LD1), total number > or = 1.75 microns (LD2), LD1-LD2 ratio (as %), and volume-weighted percent of fat (PFAT) > 5 microns. RESULTS: In all cases, time was a significant factor and was an expected finding as the stability of all extemporaneously prepared admixtures deteriorates with time. Of the number-weighted variables, a significant postfiltrate reduction was observed in LD1 (p = .041), LD2 (p < .001), and LD1-LD2 ratio (p < .0001). Of greatest clinical importance, the volume-weighted PFAT > 5 microns was significantly reduced by the in-line filter (p = .029). CONCLUSIONS: The TNA1 1.2-microns filter significantly reduced the total number and concentration of enlarged fat globules. The higher LD1-LD2 ratio may reflect the effects of filtration on electrically destabilized fat globules. However, total exposure to unstable and very large LDs was significantly reduced, suggesting that in-line TNA filtration should be a standard part of nutrition therapy.

Drug Stability↗
PubMed1990

Stability of famotidine in a 3-in-1 total nutrient admixture.

The stability of famotidine in a 3-in-1 total nutrient admixture stored at room temperature (24 degrees C) was evaluated over 24 hours. Famotidine injection was diluted to a theoretical concentration of 20 mg/L in a total nutrient admixture containing 5% amino acid injection, 25% dextrose injection, and 2.25% intravenous fat emulsion. Admixtures were prepared in 2-L ethylene-vinyl acetate bags using conventional techniques and stored at room temperature. At 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours, the admixtures were visually inspected for color change, creaming, or phase separation, and samples were obtained for assay with a stability-indicating method of HPLC, using samples obtained at time zero as controls. Two-way analysis of variance was used for data evaluation. There was no evidence of color change, creaming, or phase separation before quantitative analysis was performed, nor was there significant change in observed famotidine concentration over 24 hours. Based upon our data, famotidine intravenous solution 20 mg/L in the solution tested is stable at room temperature for 24 hours.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2002

The peopling of São Tomé (Gulf of Guinea): origins of slave settlers and admixture with the Portuguese.

The geographic origins of African slave settlers and the Portuguese genetic contribution to the population of São Tomé (Gulf of Guinea) were assessed through the analysis of beta-globin haplotypes in 44 chromosomes bearing the betaS allele and through the study of the genetic variation in eight autosomal markers (APOA1, AT3, FY, LPL, OCA2, RB1, Sb19.3, and GC) informative for admixture in a sample of 224 individuals. The observed betaS haplotype distribution (36.4% Bantu, 52.3% Benin, 4.5% Cameroon, 4.5% Senegal, and 2.3% atypical) is in accordance with the historical information on the major geographic sources of slave settlers of São Tomé, although it captures a more important contribution of Central-West Africa regions than previously anticipated. European admixture, estimated to be 10.7 +/- 0.9%, has created a considerable level of genetic structure, as indicated by the finding of significant linkage disequilibrium between 33% of unlinked marker loci pairs. Recent admixture was found to have an important contribution to these values, since removal of individuals with Portuguese or Cape Verdian parents or grandparents from the sample dropped the miscegenation level to 6.5 +/- 0.8% and reduced significant linkage disequilibrium to 11% of unlinked marker pairs. Taken together, these results indicate that the peopling of São Tomé might have provided one of the first examples of the combination of diverse African contributions and European admixture that emerged from the overseas population relocations promoted by the Atlantic slave trade.

Africa↗
PubMed2003

Mitochondrial DNA studies show asymmetrical Amerindian admixture in Afro-Colombian and Mestizo populations.

The origin of the African populations that arrived on the Colombian coasts at the time of the Spanish conquest and their subsequent settlement throughout the country and interaction with Amerindian and Spanish populations are features that can be analyzed through the study of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers. For this purpose, the present study investigates the admixture between these populations by analyzing the markers defining the main (A, B, C, D) and minor (X) founder haplogroups in Native Americans, the principal African haplogroup (L), and additional generic markers present in Caucasian (I, J, K, H, T, U, V, W) and minor African lineages (L3). As part of an interdisciplinary research program (the Expedición Humana, furthered by the Universidad Javeriana and directed by J.E. Bernal V.), 159 Afro-Colombians from five populations in which they are the majority and 91 urban Mestizos were studied. No Amerindian haplogroups (A-D, X) were detected in 81% of the Afro-Colombians. In those samples with Amerindian lineages (average 18.8%, with a range from 10% to 43%), haplogroup B predominated. When analyzed for the presence of African haplotypes, Afro-Colombians showed an overall frequency of 35.8% for haplogroup L mtDNAs, although with broad differences between populations. A few Afro-Colombian samples (1.9%) had mutations that have not been described before, and might therefore be considered as previously unsampled African variants or as new mutations arising in the American continent. Conversely, in Mestizos less than 22% of their mtDNAs belonged to non-Amerindian lineages, of which most were likely to be West Eurasian in origin. Haplogroup L mtDNAs were found in only one Mestizo (1.1%), indicating that, if present, admixture with African women would bring in other, rarer African lineages. On the other hand, in an accompanying paper (Keyeux et al. 2002) we have shown that Amerindians from Colombia have experienced little or no matrilineal admixture with Caucasians or Africans. Taken together, these results are evidence of different patterns of past ethnic admixture among Africans, Amerindians, and Spaniards in the geographic region now encompassing Colombia, which is also reflected in much of the region's cultural diversity.

Black People↗
PubMed1982

Recycled unused piggyback admixtures through the use of tamper-proof safety caps.

The purpose of the project was to develop and implement a method whereby unused intravenous preparations could be redispensed for a subsequent dose to another patient. Even if the stability and sterility of the solution can be assured, since the admixture has left the controls of the Pharmacy, it cannot be reused because of the possibility that further additions have been made. If the pharmacy could assure that an admixture has not been altered in any way, it could be redispensed. Tamper-Proof Safety Caps have been placed over the additive port of Viaflex minibags after preparation, thereby rendering it impossible for further additions to be made, and therefore these admixtures can be reused for a different patient. The Department of Pharmaceutical Services has begun to recycle admixtures and has experienced an annual cost savings in 1981 of $64,512. The cost of the program for the protective caps was $17,810. This cost savings has been accomplished without further additions to the staff.

Cost Control↗
PubMed1984

Cost of wastage in a hospital intravenous admixture program.

The wastage in a hospital centralized pharmacy intravenous admixture program was assessed. The loss rate was similar during two separate 36-day study intervals, averaging 6.2% of intravenous admixture preparations, accounting for an estimated loss of $26,077 for the year. Discontinuation of intravenous therapy accounted for half of the returned intravenous admixtures. Patient unavailability, drug changes, and malfunction of intravenous equipment were also causes for returns. Improved communication between hospital ward units and pharmacy personnel as well as increased flexibility in admixture preparation scheduling may reduce wastage. Ultimately, pharmacists assigned to individual ward units as part of the unit-dose pharmacy dispensing system may resolve the problem.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1986

Expiry date guidelines for a centralized IV admixture service.

Expiry date guidelines for a centralized pharmacy-based IV admixture program are documented. These guidelines form part of an overall quality assurance program for the IV admixture service. Factors affecting IV admixture expiry times include drug compatibility with the vehicle(s) and container, microbiological parameters, and established standards of practice for pharmacy-based IV admixture programs.

Drug Storage↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bioadhesive delivery of hydrochlorothiazide using tacca starch/SCMC and tacca starch/Carbopols 940 and 941 admixtures.

Tacca starch and its admixtures with Carbopols 940 and 941; and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC) were evaluated for bioadhesive delivery of hydrochlorothiazide into the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The bioadhesive properties were evaluated using the adhesion of polymer-coated glass beads on the antrum region of the porcine gastrointestinal tract and Lecomte Du Nouy tensiometer. The swellings and release characteristics of the films/hydrogels of tacca starch and its admixtures were also studied. Results of the bioadhesive properties indicated that although tacca starch is a poor bioadhesive biopolymer at low concentration, the admixtures showed improved bioadhesive properties. The swelling and the release characteristics also confirmed that the admixtures could be used for bioadhesive drug delivery into the GIT.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Continuous v intermittent cimetidine infusion in critically ill hospitalized patients: role of TPN admixture as drug vehicle.

Previous studies suggest that continuous or intermittent cimetidine infusion provides a stable and sustained therapeutic blood concentration that maintains a gastric pH greater than 4.0. Twenty-seven patients receiving cimetidine were randomized to one of five treatments. Groups 1 and 2 were given cimetidine intermittently, whereas Groups 3, 4, and 5 received the drug continuously via a total parenteral nutrient (TPN) admixture. Group 1 was given 300 mg every 8 hours, and Group 2 received 300 mg every six hours. Groups 3, 4, and 5 received 600, 900, and 1200 mg per day, respectively, as a continuous infusion in the TPN admixture. Forty-eight individually prescribed TPN admixtures were used to deliver cimetidine continuously; 23 were composed of amino acids and glucose as base nutrients, whereas 25 contained amino acids, glucose, and lipids (3-in-1 or total nutrient admixtures). Serum levels of cimetidine were measured six times in 40 h (Group 1) or 42 h (Group 2-5). A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed statistically significant differences in the serum cimetidine concentrations between groups (p less than 0.0001), but not with respect to time interval (p = 0.8687). No significant differences were noted in mean serum cimetidine concentrations between Groups 2 and 3, despite employing half the total dose in Group 3. Equivalent daily dosages were then stratified as the percentage of subtherapeutic (less than 500 ng/ml), therapeutic (500-1250 ng/ml), and supratherapeutic (greater than 1250 ng/ml) values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Stability of floxuridine and leucovorin calcium admixtures for intraperitoneal administration.

The stability of floxuridine and leucovorin calcium in admixtures of 0.9% sodium chloride injection at various concentrations, temperature conditions, and time points was determined. Admixtures of floxuridine and leucovorin calcium were prepared in 1-L plastic bags containing 0.9% sodium chloride injection. Admixtures containing the following three concentrations were prepared: floxuridine 1 g and leucovorin calcium 30 mg, floxuridine 2 g and leucovorin calcium 240 mg, and floxuridine 4 g and leucovorin calcium 960 mg. The admixtures were stored at refrigerated temperature (4-8 degrees C), ambient room temperature (20 degrees C), and near-physiologic body temperature (40 degrees C). Drug concentrations were measured with a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method at 0, 4, 8, 24, and 48 hours (4-8 degrees C) and at 0, 1, 3, 6, 24, and 48 hours (20 degrees C and 40 degrees C). A second set of samples at the same concentrations was prepared and sequentially stored at refrigerated, room, and near-physiologic temperatures to simulate actual-use conditions; these samples were assayed by HPLC at 0, 4, 8, 24, and 48 hours (4-8 degrees C); 49, 51, 54, and 60 hours (20 degrees C); and 61, 63, 66, and 72 hours (40 degrees C). All solutions were protected from light. Floxuridine and leucovorin calcium were stable at each concentration and temperature condition tested for a minimum of 48 hours. However, leucovorin calcium was more subject to decomposition at near-physiologic temperature than at other temperatures, with the most degradation at the lowest concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗