[Catalog of periodicals of the Main Medical Library].
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Genetic and environmental factors affect the efficiency of pork production by influencing gene expression during porcine reproduction, tissue development, and growth. The identification and functional analysis of gene products important to these processes would be greatly enhanced by the development of a database of expressed porcine gene sequence. Two normalized porcine cDNA libraries (MARC 1PIG and MARC 2PIG), derived respectively from embryonic and reproductive tissues, were constructed, sequenced, and analyzed. A total of 66,245 clones from these two libraries were 5?-end sequenced and deposited in GenBank. Cluster analysis revealed that within-library redundancy is low, and comparison of all porcine ESTs with the human database suggests that the sequences from these two libraries represent portions of a significant number of independent pig genes. A Porcine Gene Index (PGI), comprising 15,616 tentative consensus sequences and 31,466 singletons, includes all sequences in public repositories and has been developed to facilitate further comparative map development and characterization of porcine genes (http://www.tigr.org/tdb/ssgi/). The clones and sequences from these libraries provide a catalog of expressed porcine genes and a resource for development of high-density hybridization arrays for transcriptional profiling of porcine tissues. In addition, comparison of porcine ESTs with sequences from other species serves as a valuable resource for comparative map development. Both arrayed cDNA libraries are available for unrestricted public use.
Academic health sciences libraries in the United States and Canada were surveyed regarding collection development trends, including their effect on approval plan and blanket order use, and use of outsourcing over the past four years. Results of the survey indicate that serials market forces, budgetary constraints, and growth in electronic resources purchasing have resulted in a decline in the acquisition of print items. As a result, approval plan use is being curtailed in many academic health sciences libraries. Although use of blanket orders is more stable, fewer than one-third of academic health sciences libraries report using them currently. The decline of print collections suggests that libraries should explore cooperative collection development of print materials to ensure access and preservation. The decline of approval plan use and the need for cooperative collection development may require additional effort for sound collection development. Libraries were also surveyed about their use of outsourcing. Some libraries reported outsourcing cataloging and shelf preparation of books, but none reported using outsourcing for resource selection. The reason given most often for outsourcing was that it resulted in cost savings. As expected, economic factors are driving both collection development and outsourcing practices.
The changing roles and relationships of professional staff in Reference and Cataloging departments in the catalog creation process are discussed. Specific examples are given for handling classification, subject headings and cross references. The article stresses the importance of interface between the two departments in making the catalog more accessible to the users of the library.
This article discusses the role of assistive devices in patient rehabilitation programs and the problems in evaluating and assessing patients for prescribing these devices. The rehabilitation library can solve many of these problems and enhance patient rehabilitation programs by providing a circulation service for adapted microswitches and other assistive devices. The article outlines library management of such a program, including funding, acquisitions, classification, and cataloging strategies. A comprehensive library classification scheme for assistive devices is proposed, and schedules are given for microswitches and environmental controls. It is predicted that this service will rapidly expand nationally over the next decade to become an integral part of rehabilitation library patient services.
The subject catalog of the University of Colorado Medical Center Library is examined in considerable detail. Annual revisions of the subject catalog required by annual revisions of the subject heading authority list used, NLM's MeSH, are analyzed in terms of man-hours required for the effort and the effect on the catalog's structure. It is contended that, in a divided catalog, changes of headings on a one-for-one equivalency basis are no more difficult than they would be in a computerized catalog, but that in many-for-one changes the manual catalog and the machine catalog face exactly the same dilemma and in the same magnitude, the only solution in either case being the reexamination of many entries. The proliferation of subheadings is shown to present particularly vexing problems in catalog revision. A plea is made to recognize the MeSH system for what it is, a legitimate compromise between the descriptor-oriented terms of a computer coordinate-indexing system, and the subject-heading-oriented terms of the conventional card catalog.
Application of a programmable terminal and printer to the cataloging task of a small medical library is described. The application is independent of a computer; the terminal is used in "local" mode only. Full sets of catalog cards are produced, following a single typing of descriptive cataloging data and tracings. Books can be cataloged the same day they are received. Actual cost per book is just over a dollar, for equipment rental, card stock, and the cataloger's time at the console, after call number, tracings, and main entry for the book have been determined.
A relational database, the Available Pathways Database (APD), has been constructed of microbial natural products, their producing strains, and their biosynthetic pathways. The database allows the ready selection of donor strains for combinatorial biology experiments. It provides the same type of resource for combinatorial biology as the Available Chemicals Directory (ACD) does for combinatorial chemical library generation. Its cataloging ability can also provide insight into novel aspects of biosynthetic routes. In particular, no 10-unit Type I polyketides were found in the compilation of this edition of the APD (Version I).
Over the past five years, MITRE has developed rapid 3D modeling and immersive environment capabilities that supports the application of virtual environment technology to many traditional and non-traditional domains [1]. This paper provides background information on these capabilities and describes the application of this technology to the experimental design prototyping of operating rooms of the future and to the design and retrofit of existing or proposed medical facilities. These capabilities employ contemporary commercial hardware and software and exploit stereoscopic projection displays and headsets. A unique user interface facilitates object manipulation within these immersive environments and addresses two key areas: 1) Visualization of the contents on the model server or library in a catalog form; and 2) Natural interaction and immersion of the user with the visualized catalog and selected visualized objects in a 3D synthetic environment. A brief discussion of two developing applications of this technology will be presented. In one application example, the modeling environment can be used to synthesize physical replicas (potentially full stereo scale) of actual surgical rooms used for training of medical personnel. Alternatively, it can be employed as the infrastructure for a new form of collaborative interactive visualization, namely, telesurgery. In another example, the rapid modeling capability provides designers, architects and medical personnel with a means of rapidly developing synthetic renderings of (potentially interactive and remotely operative) proposed medical facilities prior to construction. We also discuss key issues needing to be resolved for successful model interchange.
The processing system used in the UCLA Biomedical Library is modest in size and still under development. Its origins date back to a batch mode serials control system begun in the mid-1960s. This was converted to an on-line system which currently has modules for check-in, updating and retrieval, claims, bindery preparation, and invoice information. Titles can be retrieved at the terminal by search of any word in the title, by subject heading, language, country of publication, and type of publication. The system is adaptable to network use and at present is shared with one other library. To the serials system has been added a computer-assisted cataloging and card production system. The latter utilizes serials nucleus software as well as design for data input and data storage. In-house listings and coding procedures overlap in a general way. Work is under way on further integration of the two processing subsystems and a feasibility study has been completed for addition of a subsystem for acquisitions which will combine and adapt features of the other two; for example, information retrieval characteristics from both, catalog coding and programs for acceptance of data, serials programs for claims, and other output programs. Cost benefits of the subsystems are described and discussed.
NLM's Current Catalog has recently come in for some criticism. To be useful as a tool in acquisition and cataloging, currency in receipt of the Current Catalog is necessary. A survey of 263 titles with 1967 imprints, which were received by the Library of the Medical Sciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, was made to determine the correlation between the receipt of these books in the library and their appearance in the Current Catalog.
Since February 1976, The Medical Library Center of New York, with the assistance of the SUNY/OCLC Network, has offered, on a subscription basis, a centralized automated cataloging service to health science libraries in the greater metropolitan New York area. By using workforms and prints of OCLC record (amended by the subscribing participants), technical services personnel at the center have fed cataloging data, via a CRT terminal, into the OCLC system, which provides (1) catalog cards, received in computer filing order; (2) book card, spine, and pocket labels; (3) accessions lists; and (4) data for eventual production of book catalogs and union catalogs. The experience of the center in the development, implementation, operation, and budgeting of its shared cataloging service is discussed.
User satisfaction as a measure of library effectiveness has been studied by using Kantor's branching technique. Cleveland Health Sciences Library, Cleveland, Ohio, was used as the center of this study. The study measured independently the user bibliographic information performance, collection development policy performance, acquisition policy performance, user catalog performance, circulation performance, library operation/functioning performance, and the user search performance. Each of these categories represented one or more of the factors of library performance that could account for the possibility of users' failure. The sample size consisted of 1000 requests for book titles. The book availability rates were 59.60% without the help of the librarian and 63.50% with the help of the librarian. The results indicate that a dynamic study of library policies at regular intervals by using the Kantor's method, which is easily reproducible, can maximize library resources for the most effective fulfillment of user demand.
A system for the substitution of a computer-printed book catalog for a card catalog was put to the test by making the former the sole means of locating material in the library, after four years of being used merely as an adjunct to the card catalog. It was found not suitable, and a new system is being devised in the light of the difficulties encountered. The reasons why the system broke down and the plans for the new one are described.
Many library data processing systems are unresponsive to the needs of librarians because of the necessity to batch-process transactions in a computer center. Such systems tend to be reportoriented rather than information-oriented with resultant problems in the timeliness of information. Time-shared computing permits multiple users to process jobs simultaneously through on-line interaction with the computer. Such systems offer to the librarian the advantages of immediate access to information, costs shared with other users, and direct man-machine interaction. This tutorial paper describes time-shared systems with applications in the library. Problems concerning the cost and present state-of-the-art of time-sharing are discussed.
Many libraries are grappling with the new freedom to link to the Internet directly from a Web-based catalog. A conservative approach that locates only Web sites replicating a library's print holdings is described. Methods for locating URLs include reviewing front matter in reference materials, scouring the Internet for material produced both in print and full text on the Web, electronic mailing lists, publishers' promotional materials, conferences, and journal articles. Readers are encouraged to make links from the catalog to any original material produced in Web-readable form by the university, including dissertations and conference proceedings.