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PubMed2026

Infertility treatment in women with epilepsy: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The impact of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) on seizure control in women with epilepsy remains incompletely understood. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to March 2025. Eligible studies included observational studies and case-based reports involving women undergoing infertility treatment. RESULTS: A total of 1216 publications were identified, of which four studies met the inclusion criteria, including case reports, a case series, and a cohort study. These studies included 16 women aged 25-46 years undergoing infertility treatment, all but one of whom had epilepsy. Interventions involved in vitro fertilization (IVF), ovulation induction, and hormonal therapies. Patients were treated with a range of antiseizure medications (ASMs), including carbamazepine, clobazam, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, valproate, and zonisamide, either as monotherapy or in combination. Seizure frequency was generally stable, with most patients maintaining baseline seizure control. Seizure exacerbations were uncommon and primarily associated with hormonal therapy and reduced ASM levels, particularly reduced lamotrigine levels. Reported events included breakthrough seizures in the setting of decreased lamotrigine concentrations, seizure clusters associated with follitropin beta, and a new-onset seizure following dehydroepiandrosterone exposure. Across studies, multiple ART attempts resulted in live births with different ASM regimens, as well as in patients not receiving ASMs. CONCLUSION: Available evidence suggests that ART is feasible in women with epilepsy, with most patients maintaining stable seizure control. Hormonal therapy may affect ASM pharmacokinetics and seizure threshold, thereby warranting close monitoring. Larger prospective studies are needed to better define ASM-specific effects and optimize care.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Innovation-related perception as a key driver of alternative protein acceptance: evidence from an early-stage model for cultivated meat and algae-/microalgae-based alternative protein products in Italy.

Alternative proteins are increasingly considered part of the transition toward more sustainable food systems, yet their diffusion depends critically on consumer acceptance. This study investigates the early-stage acceptance of two alternative protein categories in Italy-cultivated meat and algae-/microalgae-based alternative protein products. Focusing on the first three phases of acceptance, the analysis examines how innovation-related perception (IRP) shapes consumer perceived value (CPV), consumer perceived risk (CPR), and subsequent affective (AFF), cognitive (COG), and conative (CON) responses. Data were collected through an online survey administered to 238 Italian respondents and analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results show that IRP is the main upstream driver of early-stage acceptance in both product domains: more favourable perceptions strongly increase perceived value and reduce perceived risk. In turn, CPV exerts a much stronger influence than CPR on both affective and cognitive attitudes. A tentative cross-model comparison suggests only a descriptive variation in the final transition toward conative acceptance: affective and cognitive responses were both significant in the two models, with a relatively larger affective coefficient for cultivated meat and more balanced coefficients for algae-/microalgae-based products. Overall, the findings support a process-based interpretation of alternative protein acceptance and highlight the central role of innovation-related perception in shaping early consumer responses. These results provide relevant implications for communication strategies, product positioning, and policy actions aimed at improving the acceptability of alternative proteins in food cultures characterised by strong culinary traditions.

Italy↗

PubMed2026

Joint association of sedentary behaviour and physical activity with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies aimed to synthesize existing evidence on the joint association of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among adults. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane for English studies published between January 2010 and February 2025 that examined the joint association of PA and SB (fatal and non-fatal) CVD among adults and pooled their results through meta-analyses using study-level data. Using findings from 17 studies, the pooled effect size for the lowest PA + highest SB group was 1.78 (95% CI: 1.59-2.00), suggesting increased risk for CVD compared with the reference group (i.e. highest PA + lowest SB). Compared with the same reference group, we found an increased risk for CVD in the lowest PA + lowest SB (HR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.12-1.40) and the highest PA + highest SB (HR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.06-1.27) groups. Subgroup analyses according to domains or types of PA and SB exposure, outcome measures, and exposure measurement method revealed a similar pattern. In conclusion, individuals with the lowest PA combined with the highest SB may experience an increased risk for CVD events compared with those with the highest PA and lowest SB. There was also an increased risk for individuals with a combination of either low PA + low SB and high PA + high SB, albeit to a lesser extent. Although substantial study-level heterogeneity exists, the results highlight the potential value of considering both behaviours jointly in relation to CVD risk.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

The effect of olfactory training and odor exposure on visual selective attention.

Olfactory training (OT) is a well-established, non-invasive intervention that improves olfactory function by repeated, structured exposure to odorants. Beyond sensory outcomes, it also influences multiple aspects of cognition. Yet, its influence on attention, a fundamental process underlying many cognitive domains, remains unclear. This study examined the impact of a 12-week OT program on visual selective attentional performance and the effect of on-task odor exposure. Ninety-four healthy participants were initially included, and randomized into OT or placebo groups. Participants completed the d2 Test of Attention simultaneously with and without odor exposure in a randomized sequence at baseline, post-training, and a follow-up four weeks after stopping the training. The d2 test measures commission errors, omission errors, and concentration performance. Ninety-three participants (OT=51, placebo=42) completed baseline measurement, 74 (OT=39, placebo=35) returned for post-training session, and 57 participants (OT=29, placebo=28) returned for the follow-up appointment. Results showed that OT did not significantly improve d2 test performance. In the primary model, on-task PEA exposure reduced commission errors compared to the odorless condition, suggesting a possible transient effect of olfactory input on the inhibitory control in the context of the d2 attentional test. This effect, however, was no longer significant once the follow-up data were included and should be regarded as preliminary. Overall, these findings raise the possibility of a distinction between relatively long-term OT and short-term odor exposure: while OT did not improve visual selective attention, brief on-task odor exposure may transiently enhance inhibitory control during attentional tasks, a possibility that remains to be confirmed.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) of polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) dental implants: A systematic review of the effect of printing parameters on mechanical behaviour and surface quality.

PURPOSE: This systematic review evaluated how FDM printing parameters influence mechanical behaviour and surface characteristics of 3D-printed PEEK and identified parameter combinations linked to the most favourable mechanical performance and surface quality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An electronic search was conducted in: MEDLINE (Ovid), PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Compendex (last update: January 2025). Studies that evaluated the effect of FDM printing parameters on mechanical and surface properties of PEEK were included. Outcomes comprised compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths, elastic modulus, fracture toughness, surface hardness, roughness, and wettability. RESULTS: Of 4005 reports screened, 54 manuscripts were included. 92.6% (n = 50) of articles showed low risk-of-bias, while 7.4% (n = 4) showed medium risk-of-bias. Tensile strength was the most investigated mechanical parameter (78%), followed by elastic modulus (41%), flexural strength (30%), compressive strength (20%), and fracture toughness (6%). Surface roughness was the most evaluated surface property (30%), followed by hardness (17%) and wettability (6%). Across studies, higher printing temperatures, lower printing speed, thinner layer thickness, and maximum infill ratio in a horizontal printing orientation were associated with higher strengths, less warpage, increased accuracy, and improved surface quality. CONCLUSION: Specific combinations of FDM printing parameters can significantly improve the mechanical and surface properties of PEEK. However, it is difficult to meet all the optimal conditions simultaneously. Thus, balancing between different parameters must be considered in practical production.

Benzophenones↗

PubMed2026

Self-selected goals outperform assigned goals in reducing mobile phone usage: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial.

Excessive smartphone use is increasingly recognized as a public-health concern, yet scalable approaches to help individuals regulate daily use remain limited. We examine whether allowing individuals to self-select reduction goals improves behavioral and psychological outcomes when incentives and average goal levels are held constant across conditions. In a twelve-week randomized controlled trial, (N = 149; over 9000 person-day observations), participants were assigned to (i) a self-selected condition (choosing a 10%, 20%, or 30% reduction in daily phone use), (ii) an assigned condition (assigned a 14% reduction goal), or (iii) a no-goal control condition. Participants who selected their own goals reduced phone use by 26 min more per day (73% larger reduction) and achieved their goals 11 percentage points more often than those assigned goals, despite identical incentives and average goal levels. Reductions in phone use and higher goal achievement were associated with improvements in perceived addiction, depressive, and anxiety symptoms. These psychological outcomes were secondary endpoints. Although the between-group estimates generally followed the same directional pattern as the behavioral outcomes, the sample size for these analyses was limited and the between-group differences were not statistically significant. These findings should therefore be interpreted with caution. Overall, the results provide causal field evidence that self-selection under this goal-setting design can improve behavioral outcomes. Allowing individuals to choose their own goals may strengthen engagement and support healthier digital behavior. Incorporating opportunities for goal-selection may represent a simple addition to digital-health and public-health interventions aimed at helping individuals moderate smartphone use and improve well-being.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Transformation of antibiotics mediated by iron-bearing minerals: A review.

Iron-bearing minerals are ubiquitous in water, sediments and soil, where their surface chemical properties and redox activity can play an important role in degradation of trace antibiotics. This review systematically summarizes the roles of various iron-bearing minerals in chemical transformation and microbial degradation of antibiotics and reaction mechanisms involved, and refines the critical idea for iron-driven control of antibiotics with trace level in natural environment. Overall, antibiotics removal in the presence of iron-bearing minerals involves combination of adsorption, surface oxidative degradation, photo-induced degradation, Fenton-like reaction and microbial degradation. Adsorption of antibiotics by Fe(III)-minerals involves electrostatic interaction, complexation, H-bonding, π-π interaction and hydrophobic interaction. Adsorbed antibiotics form complexes with Fe(III)-minerals, undergoing electron transfer to generate radical intermediates, subsequently generating final products through hydroxylation, dealkylation, and deamination. Additionally, Fe(III)-minerals can be excited to produce electrons and holes under sunlight and to produce antibiotics-degrading hydroxyl radical through O2 reduction, H2O oxidation and ligand-to-metal charge transfer. Reduced iron minerals can activate oxygen to participate in Fenton-like degradation reactions. Finally, antibiotics are mainly removed by bio-driven Fenton reaction and direct enzyme biodegradation. The presence of iron-bearing minerals can promote antibiotics microbial degradation by providing nutrients for microorganisms or by changing microbial activity and microbial community structure. Existing problems and future research directions are identified. New insights for application of iron-bearing minerals in transformation of antibiotics are proposed. The work aims to suggest new methods and insights for pollution control and remediation of emerging contaminants including trace antibiotics in the natural environment.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed2026

Brain network alterations underlying cue reactivity and craving in abstinent methamphetamine users: a systematic review of functional MRI findings.

BACKGROUND: Methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) is marked by intense craving and high relapse risk, often triggered by drug-related cues. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides key insight into the neural basis of this cue reactivity, implicating large-scale brain networks for reward, motivation, and control. Yet, findings remain inconsistent across studies due to differences in task design, abstinence duration, and participant characteristics. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review synthesises evidence on how abstinence influences brain network alterations underlying cue reactivity and craving in methamphetamine users, integrating task-based and resting-state fMRI findings within leading neurobiological models of addiction. METHODS: A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Ovid was conducted up to August 10, 2025, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Eligible fMRI studies examined cue reactivity or craving in abstinent methamphetamine users. Data were extracted on activation, connectivity, and brain-behaviour associations, and synthesised narratively. RESULTS: Task-based studies revealed heightened activation across reward, salience, and control networks during cue exposure, which diminished as parietal and executive control systems re-engaged with longer abstinence. Resting-state findings showed disrupted intrinsic connectivity among default mode, salience, and frontoparietal networks, reflecting persistent imbalances linked to craving and use severity. CONCLUSION: fMRI evidence shows that MUD is marked by network-level disruption linking reward, salience, and control systems. Task-based findings reveal strong cue reactivity in reward circuits, while resting-state data show persistent imbalance among default mode and control networks. With abstinence, partial restoration of network integrity emerges, highlighting both vulnerability and opportunities for targeted, recovery-based interventions.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Infant Dietary Patterns and Early Childhood Weight Outcomes: A Secondary Analysis from the Starting Early Program Trial.

BACKGROUND: The Starting Early Program (StEP) promotes healthy nutrition during early life and leads to healthier child weight, but whether dietary patterns contribute to weight or mediate StEP weight outcomes has not been studied. OBJECTIVES: This secondary analysis identified infant dietary patterns in StEP, determined associations between dietary patterns and child weight outcomes, and examined whether dietary patterns mediated the relationship between StEP and child weight. METHODS: Data were from 377 mother-infant dyads in a randomized trial testing the efficacy of StEP. Dietary patterns at 10 months were identified using latent class analysis. Child weights were abstracted from medical records at 12, 24, and 36 months. Associations between infant dietary patterns and weight-for-age z-score (WFAz) and likelihood of being classified as overweight (WFA ≥85th percentile) were assessed using linear and logistic multivariable regression models. Mediation was used to assess intervention effects on WFAz via impacts on infant dietary patterns. RESULTS: Four classes of infant dietary patterns were identified: Breastfed-High variety, Formula fed-High variety, Formula fed-Low variety, and Mixed fed-Low variety. Compared to the Breastfed-High variety class, infants in the Formula fed-Low variety class had higher WFAz and were more likely to be classified as overweight at 24 and 36 months. Participation in StEP increased membership in Breastfed-High variety, which mediated the association between StEP and lower WFAz at 24 months. CONCLUSIONS: Infant dietary patterns were identified, and some were associated with child overweight. StEP was associated with a dietary pattern most consistent with guidelines, which mediated intervention effects on child weight.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Eating Experiences During Cancer Treatment in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Synthesis.

Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) aged 15-39 with cancer face distinct challenges during treatment, with eating consistently emerging as one of the most distressing and underrecognized concerns. At a critical life stage, AYAs must navigate illness-related consequences that profoundly affect well-being. Eating reflects these broader challenges and is identified as a key issue requiring health care attention. To address this, we synthesized evidence on AYAs' eating experiences and well-being during mealtime-related activities to inform health care practice. Qualitative and mixed-method studies were identified through searches across CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published up to May 2025, supplemented by snowball searches. Of 3214 records, 74 full-text articles were reviewed, and 18 met the inclusion criteria. These represented 302 AYAs, 73 relatives, and 88 health care professionals. Studies were analyzed using Joanna Briggs Institute review methods and GRADE-CERQual to support clinical interpretability. The meta-synthesis identified one core theme: "Eating as an embodied struggle and act of agency," with three subthemes: (a) living through physical and sensory disruption, (b) carrying the weight of new emotions and shifting relations, and (c) finding ways through gaps in support. Eating emerged as a disrupted, emotionally charged, yet agentic act requiring sensitive, individualized approaches. Thirteen evidence-informed recommendations were developed to guide clinical application. These emphasize early nutritional screening, dietetic support, flexible meal options, respectful family involvement, and psychosocially attuned care. Future research should codevelop and evaluate tailored interventions that address AYAs' embodied, emotional, and social needs to improve eating-related quality of life during cancer treatment.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Hope is linked with more favorable tumor molecular signatures in serous ovarian cancer.

INTRODUCTION: Hope has been associated with improved quality of life and lower mortality in cancer, but the underlying biological mechanisms are poorly characterized. We previously reported that hope was associated with less inflammation and more normalized diurnal cortisol pre-treatment among women with ovarian cancer. We also reported associations of socio-environmental factors with pro-metastatic processes. Here, we used genome-wide transcriptional profiling to quantify associations between hope and tumor molecular signatures reflecting invasiveness, inflammation, and cellular immunity. METHOD: Participants were 74 women with serous ovarian cancer who provided demographic information and completed surveys pre-surgery. Hope was assessed using a face-valid item from the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Depression was assessed using the full CES-D without the hope item. Illumina HT12 microarrays were used to assay tumor RNA, and associations between hope and tumor gene expression were quantified, adjusting for depression, age, BMI, grade, and stage. RESULTS: Adjusting for covariates, hope was associated with multiple favorable differences in RNA expression, including lower levels of mesenchymal differentiation (p = 0.008) and pro-inflammatory gene regulation (NF-κB: p < 0.001; IRF1: p = 0.024; STAT: p = 0.018), elevated epithelial differentiation (p = 0.011), and elevated activity of the IRF7 transcription factor which promotes cellular immunity (p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that hope is associated with an ovarian tumor gene expression profile characterized by reduced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inflammatory activity, and increased activity of a transcription factor promoting cellular immunity. These findings highlight potential biological implications of a resilience factor such as hope, but need replication with more robust assessments of hope.

Epithelial mesenchymal transition↗

PubMed2026

Cognitive-metabolic relationship in temporal lobe epilepsy: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the current literature on neurometabolic dysfunction identified through brain imaging and its cognitive correlates in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). BACKGROUND: Cognitive decline contributes to chronic disability in TLE. The pathophysiology of cognitive decline in TLE is poorly understood, limiting therapeutic advances. Characterizing metabolic changes in patients with TLE and cognitive impairment may identify biomarkers and inform new treatment strategies. DESIGN/METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of five major databases, gathering studies published through December 2024, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We included all observational studies describing associations between metabolic imaging findings and cognitive measures in TLE. RESULTS: Of 1449 reports, 38 met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 1161 patients with TLE aged 5-66 years. Twenty-two studies applied fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) to assess interictal brain glucose metabolism. Two studies utilized PET with other tracers to assess more specific metabolic aspects. Fourteen studies used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) to quantify local concentrations of brain metabolites. Impairment of verbal memory was consistently associated with left temporal lobe metabolite changes. Non-memory cognitive impairments correlated with changes in glucose metabolism, N-acetylaspartate, and gamma-aminobutyrate in both temporal and extratemporal areas. CONCLUSION: 18F-FDG PET remains the most widely used imaging modality to assess cognitive-metabolic correlates in TLE, while other PET tracers and 1H-MRS are potentially underexplored. Verbal memory impairment correlates robustly with left temporal dysmetabolism. Cognitive impairment in TLE is multifaceted and correlates with measurable changes in metabolism in both temporal and extratemporal regions. While our synthesis was restricted by some methodological limitations, these neurometabolic signatures may hold promise as potential biomarkers for identifying risk of cognitive decline and highlight avenues for future research.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Complementary feeding patterns in preterm and term infants.

Complementary feeding is essential for infants' nutritional status and development, marking the transition to solid foods when breast milk or formula alone is insufficient. Despite its importance, clear recommendations on which foods to introduce when initiating complementary feeding in preterm infants are lacking. By using data from our previously published randomized controlled trial on the timing of complementary feeding in preterm infants, the current study explores the complementary feeding patterns of preterm infants and compares them with those of term-born infants, providing insights into parental decision-making and potential long-term health impacts. Complementary feeding practices differed significantly between preterm (n = 255) and term (n = 159) infants, with preterm infants more often receiving vegetables as their first solid food (85.4% versus 68.8%, difference 17.6% with 95% CI 12-35%). The group with early introduction of vegetables had a lower BMI-for-age z-scores (β -0.28 [95% CI -0.55 - 0.02]) and weight-for-height z-scores (β -0.27 [95% CI -0.53 to -0.01]) at two years of age. Additionally, preterm infants showed a greater variety in the numbers of different fruits and vegetables consumed by six months (corrected) age than term-born counterparts (8.29 (SD 3.65) versus 6.26 (SD 3.47), p < 0.001). These results indicate that complementary feeding patterns in preterm infants differ from term-born infants, with potential positive implications on growth. These data contribute to the development of accurate feeding protocols for preterm infants. Given that feeding practices are culturally influenced, further multinational research is essential to refine complementary feeding guidelines for preterm infants and support caregivers in informed decision-making.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

The combined and independent influence of food texture and a 'mindful eating' instruction on eating rate and food intake among Dutch primary schoolchildren.

Eating rate (ER), the amount of food consumed per unit of time, is a key determinant of food intake, with faster ER associated with larger meal size. Research in adults has shown that both sensory properties like texture, and instructions can influence ER and intake. However, their independent and combined effect on ER and intake in children remain poorly understood. This study examined the effects of food texture and a 'mindful eating' instruction on ER and food intake in children. Children (N = 73), 38 boys, aged 4-12 years, participated in a 4-week cluster-randomized incomplete cross-over study conducted during regular school lunches. Using a 2×3 factorial design, children were exposed to two levels of food texture (softer vs. harder whole-grain buns) and three types of instructions (none, control, 'mindful'). Linear mixed models with repeated measures were used, adjusting for sex and group. As the interaction between food-texture and type of instructions was non-significant, it was excluded from the final models. Results revealed a strong main effect of food texture on ER and food intake (all p < 0.001), where compared with softer buns, harder buns were associated with a slower eating rate (Δ = -6.67 g/min, SE = 0.59) and reduced food intake (Δ = -70 g, SE = 8). In contrast, type of instruction had no significant effect on ER or intake (p = 0.85). Our findings demonstrate that food texture exerts a dominant influence on children's eating rate and food intake, highlighting texture modification as a potential leverage point for influencing ER and intake in children.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Mealtime satisfaction in public nursing homes: Associations with sensory, foodservice, and dining-room environment factors.

Satisfaction with meals is commonly used to assess how meals are experienced in nursing homes (NH), although limited evidence compares breakfast, lunch, and dinner within a unified analytical framework. This study examined the sensory and contextual factors associated with satisfaction across meals in public NH. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using structured interviews with 290 residents aged ≥60 years (median 85 years; Q1-Q3: 81-88; 63.1% women) from 19 facilities in Galicia, Spain. Overall satisfaction and 12 factors related to sensory attributes of the food, foodservice characteristics, and dining-room environment were assessed using a 5-point Likert scale. Descriptive analyses used medians and quartiles, and group comparisons were performed using nonparametric tests. Three multivariable linear regression models, one per meal, were estimated including all factors simultaneously. In adjusted models, the largest standardized coefficients were observed for taste (lunch: β = 0.366; P < 0.001), food temperature at serving (dinner: β = 0.319; P < 0.001), and menu variety (breakfast: β = 0.301; P < 0.001). Taste, food temperature at serving, menu variety, and meal schedule showed statistically significant coefficients in all models. Overall satisfaction was lower at dinner (29.0% ≥ 4) than at breakfast (34.8%) and lunch (34.5%) (P = 0.003). Selected dining-room environment factors showed significant coefficients in meal-specific models. Mealtime satisfaction was mainly associated with sensory and contextual factors related to how meals are perceived. Lower satisfaction at dinner suggests this mealtime as a relevant context for understanding variations in meal perception in NH residents.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Effects of music interventions on seizure outcomes in people with epilepsy: a systematic review and meta‑analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate effects of music interventions on seizure outcomes in people with epilepsy. METHODS: We performed a systematic review and meta‑analysis of controlled and single‑arm studies. Searches were conducted in four English databases, two trial registries, and three Chinese databases, up to October 11, 2025. Dichotomous outcomes were pooled as odds ratios (ORs) and continuous outcomes as mean differences or standardized mean differences (SMD, Hedges' g) using random‑effects models. Heterogeneity was assessed with Cochran's Q and I2. Preplanned subgroup and leave‑one‑out sensitivity analyses examined control type and study influence. Risk of bias and evidence certainty were appraised. RESULTS: Fifteen studies were included. Single‑arm syntheses suggested benefit: pooled curative‑effect rate 0.715 (95 % CI 0.584-0.846) and pre-post IED reduction -0.51 (95 % CI -0.88 to -0.13). Controlled between‑group estimates were imprecise and heterogeneous. Pooled OR for seizure response was 2.71 (95 % CI 0.61-12.12, I2 = 81.2 %, p = 0.19). IED responder OR was 4.57 (95 % CI 0.84-24.86, I2 = 68.9 %). IED frequency SMD was -1.48 (95 % CI -3.06 to 0.10, I2 = 95.2 %). Seizure‑frequency SMD across controlled studies was -0.004 (95 % CI -1.772 to 1.763, I2 = 95.6 %). Results were sensitive to individual studies and limited by small samples and variable comparators. CONCLUSIONS: Music interventions show promising within‑study effects on seizure outcomes, but controlled evidence is inconclusive due to high heterogeneity and imprecision. High‑quality, adequately powered randomized trials with standardized interventions and matched active controls are needed.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Effects of short-bout accumulated exercise on postprandial metabolism in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the acute effects of short-bout accumulated exercise (SBAE) interrupting prolonged sedentary behaviour on postprandial glucose, insulin, and triglycerides in adults. METHODS: Systematic searches in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and CNKI (inception to 10 December 2025) identified randomised crossover trials comparing SBAE (≤10 min/bout, inter-bout interval ≥30 min or adequate recovery) with continuous sedentary behaviour. Outcomes included postprandial glucose, insulin, and triglyceride AUCs. Standardised mean differences (SMD) were pooled using random-effects models. RESULTS: Thirty-one publications reporting data from 29 independent cohorts involving 573 unique participants (mean age 47.8 ± 20.3 years; 47.5% female; mean BMI 29.0 ± 5.1 kg/m²) were included. Compared with continuous sedentary behaviour, SBAE significantly reduced glucose AUC (SMD = -0.53, 95% CI: -0.71 to -0.34, P < 0.001) and insulin AUC (SMD = -0.58, 95% CI: -0.85 to -0.31, P < 0.001), but not triglyceride AUC (SMD = -0.17, 95% CI: -0.48 to 0.15, P = 0.306).Exploratory subgroup analyses showed statistically significant reductions in glucose and insulin for walking and for inter-bout intervals < 60 min, but not for standing alone or intervals ≥ 60 min. A statistically significant insulin-lowering effect was observed in obese individuals. CONCLUSION: SBAE acutely improves postprandial glucose and insulin control. Exploratory subgroup analyses showed statistically significant effects for walking and for inter-bout intervals < 60 min, but these comparisons are observational and no formal interaction test was conducted. These findings provide preliminary evidence for acute SBAE in sedentary populations, though long-term health effects and real-world generalisability require further investigation.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

Online Social Anxiety in the Digital Age: Transitions, Predictors, and Mental Health Associations in Emerging Adulthood.

BACKGROUND: Online social anxiety (OSA), a multidimensional form of social evaluative anxiety in online social contexts, disproportionately affects emerging adults who constitute the largest active group of media users and face heightened psychological sensitivity due to growing pressures and immature sociocognitive regulation during the transition to adulthood. However, its heterogeneity, transitions, and longitudinal associations with mental health outcomes remain underexplored. METHODS: This study utilized data from two waves of a three-wave longitudinal survey, with 849 Chinese participants (Meanage = 21.6 years; 50.4 percent female) assessed at 4-month intervals. Individuals were classified using latent profile analysis and the stability and changes of profiles were assessed via latent transition analysis (LTA). Multinomial logistic regressions were conducted separately at baseline and follow-up to identify correlates of profile membership. Predictors of profile transitions were examined using manual three-step LTA models, and associations between latent transition patterns and follow-up mental health outcomes were examined using BCH-LTA distal outcome analyses controlling for the corresponding baseline symptom level. RESULTS: Four profiles of OSA were identified: low, privacy-sensitive, moderate-high, and high OSA. Extreme profiles (low/high OSA) showed high stability (80.4 percent and 79.1 percent), while privacy-sensitive OSA exhibited the lowest stability (55.1 percent). Profile memberships were influenced by social-cognitive biases and digital interaction, particularly fear of negative evaluation and online interpersonal trust, whereas profile transitions were mainly associated with anxiety. Transitions toward less severe OSA profiles were generally associated with better subsequent mental health, whereas transitions toward more severe profiles corresponded to poorer outcomes, particularly for offline social anxiety. CONCLUSION: OSA was heterogeneous in its manifestation, severity and transitions. Personalized and early interventions targeting profile-specific vulnerabilities are critical to prevent the worsening of OSA and mitigate its psychological burden.

Humans↗