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At least 1,369 records · Page 76Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Traumatic pseudoaneurysm of floor of mouth treated with selective embolization: a case report.

False aneurysms may be caused by trauma to the floor of the mouth from surgical procedures. The condition is hazardous because of the potential for airway obstruction from hematoma. A case of pseudoaneurysm of the facial artery occurring in the floor of the mouth is described. Treatment with superselective percutaneous angiographic embolization is a novel and efficient alternative for dealing with aneurysms arising in this region, with low morbidity.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Potential errors in measuring the phase difference between chest flow and mouth flow.

We have previously reported that the phase difference between chest and mouth flows was a useful indicator of obstructive lung disease. In this paper, we calculated the effects of (i) airway reactance, (ii) extrathoracic airway shunt impedance, (iii) heating and humidification of the inspired air, (iv) abdominal gas volume, and (v) respiratory quotient on the measurement of the phase difference between chest flow (Vc) and mouth flow (Vm) using computer simulations. When the airway impedance was approximated as simple airway resistance, the phase difference (theta r) was calculated to be 0.8% less than the phase difference (theta s) calculated from the airway impedance (Za), including airway inertance and shunt compliance, in the normal lung. theta s became larger than theta r when the peripheral resistance increased, but did not exceed 5%. The extrathoracic airway shunt impedance effect did not exceed 0.1%, regardless of the respiratory frequency, airway impedance or thoracic gas volume. The influence of heating and humidification of the inspired air on the phase difference was calculated to be within 5%. The effect of abdominal gas was highly dependent on the abdominal gas volume and the respiratory pattern, but was calculated to be within 5%. The influence of the respiratory quotient was calculated to be negligible. As a result, it was concluded that none of the factors discussed above are an obstacle to the clinical application of this method for the evaluation of pathological changes in obstructive airway disorders.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1993

An evaluation of P0.1 measured in mouth and oesophagus, during carbon dioxide rebreathing in COPD.

The pressure generated 100 ms after the onset of an occluded inspiratory effort (P0.1) is advocated and used as a measure of respiratory centre drive. We have re-examined P0.1, measured simultaneously in the mouth (Pmo0.1) and the oesophagus (Poes0.1), during carbon dioxide rebreathing, in eight patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, to see whether either indicates central respiratory drive. Pmo0.1 was identical to Poes0.1 in 4 out of 61, greater than Poes0.1 in 18 out of 61, and less than Poes0.1 in 39 out of 61 measurements (overall Poes0.1-Pmo0.1, median +0.075, range -0.175 to +1.01 kPa). Within a rebreathing run in an individual patient, there was considerable variability in the relationship Pmo0.1/Poes0.1 (0.89 +/- 0.24), coefficient of variation (CoV%) 14.4 +/- 3.7%), in the end-expiratory oesophageal pressure (0.7 +/- 0.54 kPa, CoV% 105 +/- 106%), and in the time delay between the onset of a fall in oesophageal pressure (Poes) from the end-expiratory level to the beginning of inspiration, defined as starting when mouth pressure (Pmo) fell below atmospheric pressure (129 +/- 25 ms, CoV% 22.5 +/- 5.3%). We conclude that the problem of determining the true onset of inspiratory muscle activity from pressure data, and the likelihood that breaths are taken from different lung volumes, make it unlikely that Poes0.1 accurately represents central respiratory drive during rebreathing in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Furthermore, Pmo0.1 differed from Poes0.1 during rebreathing, and their relationship was not constant, so that Pmo0.1 is even less likely to be a useful reflection of central nervous system output or respiratory centre drive in such patients.

Esophagus↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Accessory jaw and mouth: report of case.

A rare case of teratoma, presented with a double mandible and double mouth, mucous secretions and two teeth erupting in the accessory mouth. There are numerous supernumerary teeth in the main body of the mandible, and geminated primary teeth in the mandibular arch. There was a history of cleft palate.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1996

Acyclovir in the treatment of hand-foot-and-mouth disease.

Twelve children ages 1 to 5 years and one adult with hand-foot-and-mouth disease were treated with oral acyclovir within one to two days of onset of the rash. Symptomatic relief, defervescence, and significant involution of lesions were seen within twenty-four hours of initiating therapy. Acyclovir was continued for five days, by which time palmar, plantar, and oral lesions were virtually gone. Acyclovir is a molecule tailored to inactivate the thymidine kinase of the herpesvirus. Since the Coxsackie A16 virus causing hand-foot-and-mouth disease lacks this enzyme, the beneficial therapeutic effect must be explained on other grounds, possibly due to enhancement of the antiviral effect of the patient's own interferon.

Acyclovir↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The use of mouth occlusion pressure to evaluate the effect of an initial inhalation of nebulized saline in methacholine challenge.

BACKGROUND: In spite of standardization of bronchial provocation tests, some methodological aspects yet are controversial. The role of saline solution inhalation is questionable. The measurement of mouth occlusion pressure 0.1 seconds after the onset of inspiration (P0.1) is a good means of detecting a response from bronchoprovocation tests. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the value of an initial challenge with nebulized saline in subjects undergoing methacholine challenge. METHODOLOGY: Eighty-four consecutive patients clinically suspected of bronchial asthma were studied. Bronchial methacholine challenge was performed by Chatham method. P0.1 before and three minutes after saline solution inhalation were determined by the method of Whitelaw. RESULTS: There was no significant P0.1 change following the inhalation of the initial dose of nebulized saline either in those subjects who went on to produce a 20% decrement in FEV1 following a standardised methacholine challenge test, or in those subjects who proved to be non-reactors. CONCLUSIONS: We shown that no modifications are present in respiratory center function when it is assessed by measurement of mouth occlusion pressure after saline solution inhalation in methacholine challenge. This may be another reason why saline solution challenge should be omitted from bronchoprovocation challenge.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1977

[Surgical treatment of neoplasms of the vestibule of the mouth].

In this work the Authors show their own operative technique, attained in the surgical treatment of the neoplasms of the vestibule of the mouth. This operative technique also shows the possibility of reducing two surgical treatments to one. In other words it is possible to remove the primitive lesion and carry out, at the same time, the emptiness of those lymphonodulos chains the lymphtic vessels of the region are tributary to. In such a way the time elapsed between the operation and the following nuclear therapy is considerably reduced. Besides, though the exeresis implies an aesthetical injury, not considerable anyway, no functional deficiencies are shown since all the mouth functions, mastication, phonation, language, deglutition etc. are promptly recovered.

Cheek↗
PubMed1996

[Burning mouth syndromes and depression. A psychoanalytic approach].

1. Analytical approaches to Burning Mouth Syndrome permit the suggestion that it is a symptom of hidden depression, where the depressive process and its two major indicators (vital sadness and psycho-motor slowing down) are totally or partially concealed by a somatic symptomatology which can strike down any system: vaso-vegetative, cardio-vascular, gastro-intestinal, genito-urinary, muscles and skeleton. 2. Depression is a mental process, part of normal psychic development, which must be overcome at least once in a lifetime in order to reach the status of an autonomous being. Hidden depression is one form of pathological depression, which expresses an inability to (i) mentalize depression, separation, and (ii) become an autonomous being. 3. Burning mouth is a symptom resulting from complex dynamics, from hysterical conversion to the inability to mentalize separation, both with underlying fault in the "narcissistic nucleus" (a term meaning the sense of identity originating in the motherly holding, in the skin to skin touch). 4. Treatment will be a combination of anti-depressive drugs and psychotherapy, drugs being prescribed by the practitioner, and psychotherapy conducted by a therapist with an analytical background.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

An electrocution death of an infant who had received an electric shock from an uncovered oval shaped lamp switch in his mouth while in a hospital.

A male infant aged one year and nine months was found dead on a bed after admission to hospital with suspected pneumonia. The patient apparently put an uncovered oval shaped lamp switch (pendant switch) into his mouth and died of electric shock after contacting the exposed wires of the switch (100 V, 60 Hz alternating current). There were extensive first- to fourth-degree burns on the inner surface of the both lips. Because the histological findings were consistent with electric burns and the burns showed vital reactions, electric shock was judged to be the cause of death. The pendant switch is normally a very convenient piece of bedside equipment for inpatients. However, when the patient is an infant who naturally puts all the objects into the mouth, such a switch should be placed out of reach, and it should be certain that the cap is not loose.

Burns, Electric↗
PubMed1996

Dental appliances in the treatment of snoring. A comparison between an activator, a soft-palate lifter, and a mouth-shield.

Different dental appliances have been recommended in the treatment of snoring. The aim of the present study was to compare three different dental appliances regarding patient tolerance and the effect of snoring. Fifteen consecutive snorers were randomly selected to treatment with either a mandibular advancement device (activator), a soft-palate lifter or a mouth-shield. The activator satisfactorily reduced snoring in four out of five patients. At four-year follow-up, two patients had discontinued the treatment, one due to craniomandibular disorder. The soft-palate lifter had insufficient effect on snoring in four out of five patients. The results suggest that the activator has a satisfactory tolerance and effect on snoring, while the soft-palate lifter and the mouth-shield are ineffective in the treatment of snoring.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed1996

Effect of exercise on mouth-to-cecum transit in trained athletes: a case against the role of runners' abdominal bouncing.

The role of exercise on the gastrointestinal motor function and in particular on transit time is a matter of hard debate. Numerous studies in the past have failed to demonstrate a consistent effect of short term exercise on transit time in untrained subjects and trained athletes. It has been, however, suggested that running, with its constant jostling of the abdomen, may have a different effect than exercise performed in a stationary setting. To examine the effect of running on gastrointestinal transit time, 8 healthy male trained runners ingested a lactulose meal and assigned to rest or exercise on separate days. Exercise consisted of running 9.6 km in an hour, while exhaled gas was sampled every 10 minutes for volume, minute ventilation and hydrogen concentration. The mean O2 consumption was 36.8 ml/min/kg during exercise session and 4.7 ml/min/kg during rest period. Post lactulose rise in hydrogen concentration occurred at a mean of 85 +/- 25.1 and 84 +/- 18.1 minutes for resting and exercise sessions respectively (p = 0.732). On the basis of the present data we conclude that (1) mouth-to-cecum transit time is not affected by short term intense exercise in trained athletes; (2) that bouncing of the abdominal content in case of running probably does not change the transit time; and finally, (3) the impact of moderate to intense short term exercise on the mouth-to-cecum transit is not influenced by the subject's fitness state.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1997

Effects of resistive load on the phase difference between chest and mouth flow in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

The influence of the resistive load on the phase difference (PD) between chest wall and mouth flow in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was investigated, and the factors that induce an enlargement of the PD were assessed. After a resistance tube (R = 2.8 hPa/l/s) was applied to the mouth of the subjects, the PDs increased significantly both in normal (pre: 2.20 +/- 0.89, post: 5.60 +/- 2.04, P < 0.01) and in COPD (pre: 10.86 +/- 3.81; post: 13.12 +/- 3.64, P < 0.01). A significant correlation between the airway resistance and PD was noted (r = 0.730, P < 0.001). These results suggest that airway resistance is an important determinant for the PD. The predicted phase difference (PD') was then calculated by the Runge-Kutta method, using the measured chest flow, the time domain functions of airway resistance and the thoracic gas volume during a respiratory cycle, assuming that the respiratory system was a single compartment. The PD/PD' at pre-resistive load was significantly larger in COPD than in normal subjects (normal: 1.03 +/- 0.11; COPD, 1.45 +/- 0.19, P < 0.01), whereas the PD/PD' at a post-resistive load was significantly smaller than at the pre-resistive load in COPD patients. These results agree well with the two parallel or serial compartment model with inhomogeneous airway resistance, where the mechanical property of the partitioning tissue between the two compartments was taken into account. The pattern of the increase in the work energy consumed within the airway lumen calculated from this model was almost the same as for PD. Thus, we conclude that the PD may be a good index of the overload of the respiratory movement and available to predict muscle fatigue in COPD patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Second primary cancers occurring in patients with cancers of the mouth and meso-hypo pharynx in Japan].

We evaluated the risk of development of a second primary cancer in 669 patients diagnosed with cancers of the mouth and meso-hypo pharynx at Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases. During 1978-93, 70 of the patients developed a second primary cancer, yielding on observed to expected ratio (O/E) of 2.92 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.27-3.69]. Significant excess risk was noted for cancers of mouth and pharynx (O/E = 12.01, 95% CI = 3.87-28.04), esophagus (O/E = 25.22, 95% CI = 14.94-39.86), colon (O/E = 3.85, 95% CI = 1.41-8.39), larynx (O/E = 9.93, 95% CI = 2.00-29.02) and lung (O/E = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.24-4.75). The risks of esophageal cancer and colon cancer were significantly elevated after five years had elapsed from the initial cancer diagnoses. The risk of cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and esophagus in patients who had a history of current smoking without current daily drinking at the initial diagnosis was elevated past one year after the initial diagnosis (less than 20 cigarettes/ day; O/E = 12.50, 95% CI = 0.16-69.55, 20 cigarettes or more; O/E = 10.00, 95% CI = 1.12-36.10). The risk of cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and esophagus in patients who had a history of current smoking with current daily drinking at the initial diagnosis was around two times higher than those who had a history of current smoking without current daily drinking (less than 20 cigarettes/day; O/E = 20.00, 95% CI = 2.25-72.21, 20 cigarettes or more; O/ E = 19.51, 95% CI = 8.40-38.45).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The mouth-stomach crossing of Helicobacter pylori.

In order to confirm the mouth-stomach crossing of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) we performed a study to isolate the bacterium both from dental plaque and gastric mucosa of 83 subjects. Out of the 83 subjects, 62 were affected by gastroduodenal pathologies usually related to H. pylori whereas, the other 21 subjects were healthy. Each patient underwent one plaque sampling and three gastric samplings. The samples were cultured and an analytical technique, isoelectrofocusing (IEF), was used to show if dental and gastric strains isolated from the same subject had the same proteic profile. The H. pylori was isolated from the dental plaque of five subjects. Out of these, four subjects were suffering from gastric pathologies and the H. pylori was besides isolated from their gastric mucosa. The dental and gastric strains isolated from the same patient showed the same proteic profile. The hypothesis of H. pylori crossing from mouth to stomach seems to be confirmed.

Dental Plaque↗
PubMed1997

[A simple method for improvement of the measurement of respiratory impedance in humans by increasing oropharyngeal impedance using cheek and mouth floor clamps].

It is known, that the upper airway (oropharyngeal) impedance (Z(op)) influences the measured input impedance of the respiratory system (Zrs). This investigation deals with simple methods reducing the artefact caused by Z(op). The following methods have been examined: (1) Supporting the cheeks with fingers, (2) supporting the cheeks and the floor of the mouth with fingers and (3) using a new mechanical clamp for the cheeks and the floor of the mouth. The effect of these procedures on Zrs, were investigated on two subjects. Also Z(op) has been estimated during a voluntary closure of the glottis (VALSALVA manoeuvre). The impedance has been assessed as well with forced sine shaped oscillations as with the pulsatile technique. All three procedures show, compared to measurements without any support, an increase of the Zrs, especially at high values. The highest increase has been obtained while using the clamp (up to 50%). The varied impedance must be placed in parallel to Zrs, because Z(op) increases even more than Zrs. So, by applying the clamp the subjects is better coupled to the measuring system. The clamp is easy to handle, leads to more exact values, and increases the inter- and intra-individual reproducibility.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1997

[Risk of transmission of foot and mouth disease by milk and its products: perspectives in South America].

The authors highlight the importance of trade in dairy products in South America and throughout the world, and discuss the problem of restrictions engendered by foot and mouth disease (FMD) on exports to countries free from the disease. The epidemiological features of the disease and properties of the causal agent are described in relation to the dairy industry, with special reference to survival of the virus. Discussion then focuses on the risk of foot and mouth disease in relation to the effects the disease has on animal production before and after milking and the industrial processing of dairy products. Finally, the authors review progress achieved in FMD control and eradication programmes in Latin America, particularly in the southern sector where countries such as Chile and Uruguay are free from the disease, while in other countries (such as Argentina, Paraguay and parts of southern Brazil) no case has been reported for more than two years. It is concluded that dairy products can be exported from the region without creating a risk to animal health, provided that there has been proper risk analysis, according to the clearly defined regionalization criteria.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Bactericidal effects of mouth rinses on oral bacteria.

The bactericidal efficacy of two types of Listerine; Listerine and Cool Mint Listerine, and povidone iodine on oral microorganisms, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Streptococcus pyogenes, Helicobacter pylori and Candida albicans were examined. Most of the oral bacteria were killed completely by a 10-sec exposure to Listerine or Cool Mint Listerine. H. pylori, MRSA and C. albicans were also reduced by a 30-sec exposure to the Listerine mouth rinse. Bacteria in dental plaque were decreased by exposure to Listerine, Cool Mint Listerine, and povidone iodine for 30 seconds. Mouthwashing with Listerine for 30 seconds resulted in a decrease to approximately 1/100 of the viable bacterial counts in saliva. These bactericidal effects against bacteria in saliva and dental plaque indicated that Listerine and Cool Mint Listerine antiseptic are useful in oral cavity as antiseptic mouth rinses.

Adult↗