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At least 1,315 records · Page 73Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Outcome assessment of the Dental Early Acceptance Program.

The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA) Dental School recruits a student body from a wide number of undergraduate institutions, primarily in Texas. One method supporting this effort is the Dental Early Acceptance Program (DEAP). This program is unique in that it grants conditional acceptance to dental school during a student's first year of undergraduate education and admission upon completion of three years of college coursework as directed by the student's undergraduate academic advisor. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the academic performance of DEAP students to students accepted through the standard competitive admissions process. The academic records of all students matriculating into our dental school between 1993 and 1996 were examined. National Board Dental Examination Parts I and II scores, the cumulative dental school and college GPAs, DAT scores, and demographic data were recorded. The data were analyzed descriptively and statistically. Graduation rates were 92 percent for DEAP students and 94 percent for standard admissions students. Comparison of college cumulative GPA between the two groups showed no statistically significant difference. A significant difference was found between the groups in their dental school cumulative GPA. In a comparison of National Board Examination scores, DEAP students had a significantly lower NBDE Part I mean score (82.9) than standard admissions students (85.8). DEAP students also showed significantly lower NBDE Part II scores (80.4) than standard admissions students (82.4).

Education, Dental↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Optimising cryopreservation protocols for haematopoietic progenitor cells: a methodological approach for umbilical cord blood.

Current cryopreservation protocols for haematopoietic cells have developed largely empirically and there is no consensus on an optimal method of preservation. These protocols, though providing sufficient cells to permit engraftment, can lead to cell loss of the order of 50 percent. In the context of umbilical cord blood such losses are unacceptable. Whilst an empirical approach can provide an acceptable level of recovery, the cryopreservation process can only be optimised by adopting a methodological approach. This paper provides an overview of just such an approach as illustrated by a study on CD34 cells from umbilical cord blood. It involves firstly the determination of membrane permeability parameters that can then be used to model safe addition and elution protocols for the chosen cryoprotectant, in this case dimethyl sulphoxide. This in turn permits cryoprotectant toxicity to be evaluated free from the confounding effect of osmotic damage caused by inappropriate addition and elution protocols. Finally, non-toxic concentrations of cryoprotectant may be investigated in a cooling rate study to provide an optimal cryopreservation protocol. Using the model, the effect on CD34 cells of current addition and elution protocols was also examined.

Antigens, CD34↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Personality types in patients after vertebral surgery].

AIM: To compare personality types in patients after vertebral surgery. METHOD: 74 patients after vertebral surgery were examined with the MPI. 22 patients were operated because of injury. 52 patients were operated because of chronic pain back. The control group consisted of 20 healthy people. Maudsley Personality Inventory created by Eysenck, was used to study personality types. RESULTS: There were no differences in personality types between patients suffering from chronic back pain and patients operated because of injury. Statistically, a significantly higher score in the N scale was noticed in the group with chronic back pain in comparison to patients operated because of injury and in comparison to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: A higher score in the N scale observed in patients suffering from chronic back pain, may suggest a specific personality type of those patients. Higher level of neuroticism may create some difficulties in the acceptation of the illness and adaptation process. It is necessary to take special psychological care of those patients.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Current status of renal transplantation.

The success rate of renal transplantation has improved considerably during the past decade, with substantial improvements in both graft and patient survival. The quality of graft function, however, and not graft survival alone is increasingly determining the standards by which transplantation outcome is being judged. As the demand for kidney transplants continues to rise and transplants are being offered to an ever-increasing number of patients, organs are being sought from new supply pools and efforts are being made to use current resources more efficiently. Improvements in clinical management have allowed short-term complications such as infection and rejection to be better prevented or better diagnosed and treated. Fundamental advances in the understanding of the immunologic processes underlying both allograft rejection and acceptance and the introduction of new immunosuppressive agents have allowed a better use of drug therapy and have moved the goal of acquired transplant tolerance closer to attainment. With improved initial transplant success rates, the long-term transplantation outcome is becoming more important. The role of tissue matching in preventing chronic rejection is becoming more appreciated, and the long-term risks of malignancy, arteriosclerosis, and chronic rejection are being better recognized and managed.

Graft Rejection↗
PubMed1990

[Present trends in the treatment of occlusive diseases of the peripheral arteries of the lower extremities].

Occlusive diseases of arteries of the lower extremities with underlying atherosclerosis present a serious medical problem. Despite some generally accepted principles, the diagnostic and therapeutic process in this disease keeps constantly developing. The author deals not only with verified therapeutic procedures such as reconstructive surgery of arteries, endarterectomy, profundoplastics, sympathectomy, but also with the diapeutic method of treatment, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, which is being used ever more frequently. In indicated cases, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is considered to be the alternative method to arterial reconstructive surgery. The algorithm of treatment applied in the author's department is presented.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗
PubMed1990

Analysis and processing of data in a hospital-based diabetes management system.

Both short-term care (blood glucose monitoring) and long-term care (clinical examinations) of diabetes generate an ample amount of data for each patient. Health care in hospitals has to provide services with respect to both demands. The quality of control depends on obtaining the right finding at the right time and taking the individually adequate measures. These repetitive activities follow to a certain extent standardized algorithms and computer-programs are able to support demands like this; however, up to now no attempts have been made to provide useful tools for this environment. DIALIN is a data-bank especially designed for the use in hospitals or outclinics and Camit is a diabetes management system for advanced evaluation of long-term blood glucose monitoring data. The expert-system DIACONS up to now determines diabetes type and adequate initial therapy from data of patients' history alone; it operates on the DIALIN-databank via SQL. DIALIN has proven to be a useful tool for data-processing in hospitals. Camit was well accepted by patients in a feasibility study. DIACONS has been tested with 83 diabetic patients to provide the correct diabetes-type and the proper initial regimen with a precision of 96% compared to the correspondence between two independent experts. The combination of all three systems is a step towards the Munich Medical Information system MAMIS.

Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring↗
PubMed1990

[The use of a test phantom in step-shaped forms (test steps) for the clarification of different problem situations in x-ray diagnosis. 1. The use of test steps for the estimation of image quality after modified darkroom technics].

Properly exposed radiographs and under- or overexposed ones were processed differently with regard to temperature and time. Using a step wedge for the objective estimation, the alteration of well-exposed radiographs by neglecting time and temperature control was examined. Further information is given about the possibility to improve the quality of wrongly exposed radiographs by manipulation of the processing, and about the quantity of acceptable radiographs received in this way. Stop bath, fixation bath, wash bath and drying were performed regularly. The result showed, that the only chance to get high quality radiographs is by exact and correct working.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Physical assessment skills in undergraduate curricula.

A survey of nursing educators reveals that physical assessment skills are now accepted as basic to the nursing process. But though they agree on what to teach, nursing educators do not agree on when to teach it: sophomore, junior, or senior level?

Clinical Competence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Implementation of nursing conceptual models: observations of a multi-site research team.

The general acceptance by nursing of the nursing process as the methodology of practice enabled nurses to have a common grounding for practice, research and theory development in the 1970s. It has become clear, however, that the nursing process is just that--a process. What is sorely needed is the nursing content for that process and consequently in the past 10 years nursing theorists have further developed their particular conceptual models (CM). Three major teaching hospitals in Toronto have instituted a conceptual model (CM) of nursing as a basis of nursing practice. Mount Sinai Hospital has adopted Roy's adaptation model; Sunnybrook Medical Centre, Kings's goal attainment model; and Toronto General Hospital, Orem's self-care deficit theory model. All of these hospitals are affiliated through a series of cross appointments with the Faculty of Nursing at the University of Toronto. Two community hospitals, Mississauga and Scarborough General, have also adopted Orem's model and are related to the University through educational, community and interest groups. A group of researchers from these hospitals and the University of Toronto have proposed a collaborative project to determine what impact using a conceptual model will make on nursing practice. Discussions among the participants of this research group indicate that there are observations associated with instituting conceptual models that can be identified early in the process of implementation. These observations may be of assistance to others contemplating the implementation of conceptually based practice in their institution.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1989

ITI-system. Basic and clinical procedures.

Future development in implant prosthodontics should be based on the fundamentals of sound research and reliable clinical implementation. The goals should be to research the safety and efficacy of implants with regard to materials, host receptor site and interfacial zone; to develop acceptable uniform standards of evaluation; and to submit findings to scientific methods of analysis in determining benefit-to-risk factors. This presentation will offer a glimpse at some current developments in basic and clinical research focusing on studies in biocompatibility and host acceptance; the implant-tissue interface; processes in osteogenesis related to vascularization of host sites; and bioengineering studies related to stress analysis and dimensional accuracy of impression systems for implants. The presentation will further describe future directions in research, training and implementation of services through development of an interdisciplinary team. A center is proposed to address the need for combined efforts in clinical++ and basic science research, the broad scope of implant utilization, and the teaching of implant procedures within an academic setting and to our colleagues.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed1989

Future directions in the use of dental implants.

Future development in implant prosthodontics should be based on the fundamentals of sound research and reliable clinical implementation. The goals should be to research the safety and efficacy of implants with regard to materials, host receptor site and interfacial zone; to develop acceptable uniform standards of evaluation; and to submit findings to scientific methods of analysis in determining benefit-to-risk factors. This presentation will offer a glimpse at some current developments in basic and clinical research focusing on studies in biocompatability and host acceptance; the implant-tissue interface; processes in osteogenesis related to vascularization of host sites; and bioengineering studies related to stress analysis and dimensional accuracy of impression systems for implants. The presentation will further describe future direction in research, training and implementation of services through development of an interdisciplinary team. A center is proposed to address the need for combined efforts in clinical and basic science research, the broad scope of implant utilization, and the teaching of implant procedures within an academic setting and to our colleagues.

Dental Implantation↗
PubMed1986

Solving problems through staff participation in focus groups.

Use of a survey and employee focus groups to solve problems in a hospital pharmacy department is described. All pharmacy staff members were asked to identify perceived problems; 33% completed the written questionnaire. Managers clarified the survey comments and ranked problems for priority, using nominal group technique. Focus groups were formed to address appropriate problems; for each focus group supervisors selected two pharmacists and two technicians who volunteered or were nominated by peers. A pharmacy resident was the facilitator for each group. Meeting weekly for one hour, each group defined problems, set priorities, gathered ideas, analyzed possible solutions, and proposed a solution to the pharmacy supervisors. One group proposed guidelines for staff scheduling and seven-days-on, seven-days-off rotations for night pharmacists; the other proposed a structure for technician training in the department and a required orientation and training schedule for all employees. This process required more staff time than unilateral management decisions would have, but the solutions were acceptable to all levels of staff members. The focus group process was effective in identifying and solving problems at this hospital. Routine resurveys will be conducted and new focus groups will be formed to address problems that would benefit from analysis and consensus by employees.

Florida↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Programming an automated system for processing radioisotope information for work with multichannel radiodiagnostic equipment].

The purpose of the study is to develop the basic software compatible with a computerized system for data collection and processing from multi-channel radiodiagnostic units. As clinical tests have shown functional capabilities of specially designed system ensure data collection and processing for all practical methods presently accepted in nuclear medicine.

Computers↗
PubMed1984

Stillbirth. A humanistic response.

A predictable pattern of grief follows every perinatal death. Because of their lack of training in the area of death and bereavement, physicians have traditionally avoided acknowledging the grief process in patients who have experienced such a loss. Obstetricians must begin to recognize the appropriate intervention that needs to be instituted in the delivery room and postpartum period to help facilitate the normal grieving process. Physicians must also acknowledge and accept their own feelings of grief and helplessness following a perinatal death.

Anger↗
PubMed1978

Pulmonary cystic disease in ankylosing spondylitis: two cases with unusual superinfection.

Two ankylosing spondylitis patients with upper lobe fibrocystic disease are reported. The occurrence of pulmonary parenchymal disease as part of the primary pathologic process in ankylosing spondylitis is now accepted as an integral part of the disease. The frequency of superinfection of cavitary lung disease with Aspergillus is noted. Another unusual superinfection, Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, is reported.

Aspergillosis↗
PubMed1994

Prospects for new hormonal male contraceptives.

Overpopulation is a paramount global crisis, as it underlies virtually all major worldwide problems, including poverty, malnutrition, and warfare. It is imperative that proliferation be curbed by expediting reductions in fertility. This article discusses the demand for and acceptability of male contraceptives and the process of spermatogenesis. Endocrine control of spermatogenesis, and potential sites for disruption of male fertility, including steroid combinations and GnRH agonists and antagonists are reviewed also. Risks and benefits of these approaches are considered.

Androgen Antagonists↗
PubMed1993

The tortilla making properties of two improved maicillo cultivars from Honduras.

Grains of two improved maicillo hybrids (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) and their criollo (Landrace) counterparts grown at two farmsites in Honduras were lime-cooked and processed into table tortillas. Kernels from the criollos were less dense and softer than kernels from the improved cultivars. The improved maicillos had straw or red plant and glume colors while the criollos were less dense and softer than kernels from the improved cultivars. The improved maicillos had straw or red plant and glume colors while the criollos had purple colored plants with black or purple glumes. The soft textured criollo kernels required less cooking than their harder improved counterparts. Nixtamals cooked to contain 53-55% moisture were the most suitable for processing into tortillas. Both improved maicillos compared favorably with Sureño (used as positive control during processing). The criollos produced darker, less acceptable tortillas. Masa and tortillas from criollos darkened during lime-cooking especially during baking. All sorghums and their respective tortillas had similar chemical composition. The improved maicillos bred in Honduras have a significantly improved plant and glume color with white pericarp. The sorghum improvement was also observed in the overall tortilla quality.

Color↗
PubMed1994

Public information and the ethical responsibility of the industry.

Biotechnology and gene technology are recognized by experts as invaluable and unique tools to find solutions to or improve many problems in health, agriculture and management of the environment, and are regarded as a driving economic force in the next century. They are, however, by large not accepted by the public and the discussion on gene technology is often emotional or even controversial. This situation is not favorable to a constructive and open debate. Science, economic forces and society coexist symbiotically and a broad debate on all aspects including the social and ethical issues of biotechnology is essential. A mutual understanding and acceptance are prerequisites to the democratic process of the elaboration of sound regulation and appropriate administration. To this aim, a task force was initiated in Switzerland by the pharmaceutical industry. Its goal is to provide information on relevant aspects of biotechnology and to participate in the dialogue with the Swiss public and politicians on critical issues like risk assessment, ethics, safety, novel food and legislation. A documentation service, teaching material, national poster campaign, exhibitions and debates on specific issues are the contributions of the industry to a fair information in favor of the improved background to an educated and open debate.

Biotechnology↗