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PubMed2026

Dynamics of soil fungal communities restored with biochar from a quarry site.

Quarrying activities have intensified due to population expansion, leading to landscape degradation and ecological destruction. Quarry restoration is usually mandatory in Hong Kong, China. Although biochar is used for sustainable soil amendment, its effectiveness in restoring quarry soil with poor properties has rarely been investigated. A 24-month field study was conducted to evaluate the ecological feasibility of restoring a quarry site by using native species (that is, Castanopsis fissa and Cyclobalanopsis edithiae) and biochar amendment. The results revealed that after 24 months, the application of biochar increased the organic carbon, phosphorus and potassium of the vegetated soil by at least 120 %, 31 % and 12 %, respectively, due to higher cation exchange capacity and better plant growth. The relative abundance of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota increased by 24 % and 47 % with biochar application when C. fissa was planted, which was likely associated with the improved nutrient cycling and soil fertility. Even though adding biochar to bare soil was found to increase the complexity of fungal co-occurrence networks, biochar application only increased fungal diversity in vegetated quarry soil but usually reduced its fungal richness. Moreover, fungal co-occurrence networks in vegetated soil became less complex, suggesting that biochar potentially helped plants to assemble specific, beneficial fungal communities. This effect is most pronounced in the soil planted with C. edithiae, where the structure of fungal communities after 24 months was significantly different from that at other restoration times. This study identifies key fungal phyla enhanced by biochar in quarry soil and provides an effective strategy for facilitating the restoration and management of degraded lands, especially quarry sites.

Charcoal↗

PubMed2026

Effects of phytosterols supplementation on hepatic lipid metabolism and metabolic outcomes in obese rodent models: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study aimed to synthesize and quantitatively assess the available evidence on the effects of phytosterol supplementation on hepatic lipid metabolism and obesity-related metabolic outcomes in obese rodent models, integrating biochemical, histological, and molecular evidence. A systematic search was conducted in electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science). Data on study design, population, intervention, outcomes, and risk of bias were extracted and analyzed. A quantitative meta-analysis was performed. Meta-analysis showed reductions in body weight, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL-C, glucose, liver weight, hepatic cholesterol, hepatic triglycerides, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score. No significant changes were observed for adiposity index, HDL-C, insulin, or hepatic expression of PPARα, FAS, and SREBP1c. Conversely, CPT1A expression was significantly increased following PS supplementation. Subgroup analyses indicated that the beneficial effects on lipid and hepatic outcomes were generally consistent across rodent species (mice, rats, and hamsters), obesity induction models, and routes of administration, although the magnitude of responses varied between strains, with C57BL/6 mice showing more pronounced metabolic improvements. Additional analyses suggested that treatment duration and phytosterol composition may modulate specific outcomes, whereas dose-response meta-regression identified dose-dependent associations for serum and hepatic cholesterol, and PPARα expression in dietary supplementation studies. Overall, the available preclinical evidence suggests that phytosterol supplementation may improve several metabolic and hepatic outcomes in rodent models of obesity. However, the substantial heterogeneity across studies highlights the need for standardized experimental protocols and future clinical studies before these findings can be translated to human health.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Ginkgo biloba versus desmopressin in treatment of children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis: A randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) compared with Desmopressin and their combination in children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE). METHODS: In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 398 children aged 5-14 years with MNE were assigned to four groups: placebo, GBE (60 mg daily), Desmopressin (0.2 mg daily), or GBE plus Desmopressin for 3 months. Primary outcomes included the number of wet nights per week. Secondary outcomes assessed sleep quality using the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), arousal by the Disorders of Arousal (DA) score, and quality-of-life using the Pediatric Incontinence Questionnaire (PinQ). RESULTS: After 3 months, the combination group demonstrated the greatest improvement in wet nights (median 0 [IQR 0-2]) compared to GBE (6 [0.5-6.5]) and Desmopressin (2 [0-6]) (p < 0.001). Full response rates (≥90% reduction in wet nights) were highest with combination therapy (88.3%), followed by Desmopressin (46.5%), GBE (24.8%), and placebo (9.5%) (p < 0.001). GBE-containing groups showed significantly increased DA and SDSC scores, indicating enhanced arousal and lighter sleep. Quality-of-life (PinQ) score decreased in all treatment groups denoting improvement, with the best outcomes observed in the combination arm. Adverse effects were mild and comparable across groups, and serum sodium levels remained stable. CONCLUSION: GBE is a safe and effective novel therapy for MNE, improving sleep arousal and symptom control. Its combination with Desmopressin offers superior efficacy, better quality of life, and lower relapse rates than either agent alone.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Ecotoxicological responses of aquatic macrophytes to 2,4-D: A global synthesis of species sensitivity and ecological risk.

The widespread use of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) has raised concern about its persistence, mobility, and effects on non-target aquatic vegetation in freshwater ecosystems. Here, we provide a global synthesis of the ecotoxicological responses of aquatic macrophytes to 2,4-D based on a PRISMA-guided systematic review of 86 peer-reviewed studies published between 1947 and 2025. A consistent gradient of species-specific sensitivity was observed across macrophyte growth forms. The submerged species Myriophyllum spicatum showed high susceptibility, with EC₅₀ values of 0.04-0.182 mg/L and marked growth inhibition at low concentrations, whereas floating species such as Lemna minor and Pontederia crassipes were more tolerant, requiring higher concentrations (7.08 to >100 and 8.1 mg/L, respectively) to produce comparable effects. Importantly, this sensitivity ranking was consistent across laboratory and field experimental settings. These interspecific differences likely reflect variation in herbicide uptake, translocation, and detoxification capacity associated with growth form. The overlap between EC₅₀ values for M. spicatum and regulatory thresholds for 2,4-D in surface waters suggests that current limits may be insufficient to protect sensitive submerged macrophyte communities. Regarding remediation, L. minor and Salvinia natans emerged as the most promising candidates for phytoremediation, while P. crassipes showed limited capacity to reduce herbicide concentrations in water. Despite advances, no study directly compared oxidative stress biomarkers between submerged and floating species, representing a critical gap in understanding the biochemical basis of the sensitivity gradient. Overall, this synthesis highlights the need to account for taxon-dependent sensitivity when evaluating the ecological risks of 2,4-D and provides a basis for improving regulatory frameworks and management of herbicide contamination in freshwater ecosystems.

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗

PubMed2026

Peptide molecular lock-engineered nanobodies enable an oriented dual-modal immunoassay for reliable detection of Cronobacter sakazakii.

Conventional nanobody ELISAs for trace Cronobacter sakazakii in powdered infant formula suffer from random orientation and low signal output. We developed an oriented dual-modal immunoassay that combines site-specific biotinylation via a C-terminal AviTag and a peptide molecular lock, enabling controlled surface orientation while preserving nanobody structural integrity. This strategy was further integrated with phage-displayed nanobodies for multivalent amplification and both fluorescent and colorimetric readouts. The assay exhibited a broad linear range of 103-106 CFU/mL, with limits of detection (LODs) of 6.70 × 102 CFU/mL for fluorescence and 1.55 × 103 CFU/mL for colorimetry, showing improved sensitivity compared with the conventional passive adsorption-based Nb-ELISA evaluated in this study. XGBoost-based multimodal fusion improved quantitative accuracy, and SHAP analysis elucidated modality contributions. In spiked powdered infant formula samples, recoveries ranged from 92.1% to 118% with coefficients of variation below 5.98%, confirming acceptable matrix tolerance and analytical reliability.

Cronobacter sakazakii↗

PubMed2026

A complete hlyCABD-like RTX operon marks a virulence-associated subset of trh-positive Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Hangzhou Bay, China.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus remains a major cause of seafood-associated gastroenteritis, yet routine surveillance still relies largely on the canonical hemolysin markers thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and tdh-related hemolysin (trh). To determine whether this framework overlooks accessory virulence determinants in trh-positive lineages, we analyzed 193 V. parahaemolyticus isolates collected between 2022 and 2025 from clinical, environmental, and seafood-associated sources in the Hangzhou Bay region of China. Serotyping identified 45 serotypes, with O10:K4 predominating among clinical isolates. Both clinical and non-clinical populations showed open pan-genomes, although the non-clinical group carried a larger accessory gene pool. We identified a complete hlyCABD-like RTX operon in 10 trh-positive isolates with T3SS2-associated virulence backgrounds. These RTX-positive isolates were distributed across seven sequence types and three of five phylogenetic groups. This distribution was lineage-restricted but non-clonal. In the representative hybrid-assembled genome, the operon occurred within a mosaic genomic region containing additional virulence- and mobility-associated genes, indicating a composite pathogenicity island-like element. In the tested subset, RTX-positive isolates showed significantly greater hemolytic activity than RTX-negative trh-positive isolates. This significant difference was consistently observed in both plate-based and liquid assays, and within the RTX-positive subset, hlyA expression correlated with hemolytic activity, whereas the trh gene and the tlh (thermolabile hemolysin) gene did not. A complete hlyCABD-like RTX operon therefore identifies a hemolysis-associated subset of trh-positive V. parahaemolyticus and supports its further evaluation as an additional target for food safety surveillance.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus↗

PubMed2026

"Clinical efficacy and expression of antimicrobial resistance genes after using a novel herbal mouthwash compared to chlorhexidine: A Randomised controlled trial in generalised gingivitis patients".

OBJECTIVES: Chlorhexidine, the gold-standard mouthwash, has several disadvantages, like promotion of antimicrobial resistance. Herbal mouthwashes are emerging as alternatives to chlorhexidine. However, its impact on antimicrobial resistance remains unclear. The aim of the study was to compare the clinical efficacy and the expression of antimicrobial resistance genes of chlorhexidine with a novel herbal mouthwash. DESIGN: Sixty patients with generalised gingivitis were randomly assigned to two groups using block randomisation. After professional mechanical plaque removal patients were instructed to use either chlorhexidine or a novel herbal mouthwash (patented composition) for two weeks. Tetracycline resistance (tetM) and macrolide efflux (mefI) gene expression in subgingival plaque were analysed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Intragroup comparisons were performed with a paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test for parametric and nonparametric data. Intergroup comparisons employed unpaired t-test, chi-square test, and Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: A significant reduction in bleeding, plaque, pocket depth and and patient reported outcomes were noticed in both groups. But reduction in plaque was more significant in chlorhexidine group. tetM and mefI genes significantly upregulated in the chlorhexidine group, while it was downregulated with herbal mouthwash (fold change 1.79 ± 0.74 and 0.60 ± 0.43 for tetM, and 1.83 ± 0.87 and 0.51 ± 0.44 for mefI). However, patients' perception of taste, freshness, and overall satisfaction was better in the chlorhexidine group. CONCLUSIONS: The increased expression of antimicrobial resistance genes following chlorhexidine use warrants careful consideration. Herbal mouthwash is an effective, safer alternative with comparable clinical benefits and less impact on antimicrobial resistance.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

A 12-week, double-blind, quasi-randomized, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Coleus forskohlii (Forcslim) on body weight loss.

BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity have emerged as a global epidemic, significantly impacting human health. Traditional usage and growing scientific evidence suggest that Coleus forskohlii extract (Forcslim) may aid in reducing excess body weight and fat. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Forcslim supplementation in overweight individuals. METHODS: A quasi-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in 60 overweight subjects aged 20-70 years over a period of 12 weeks. The participants were assigned to receive either Forcslim or placebo. The key outcome measures included body weight, body mass index (BMI), body composition, and anthropometric parameters. Additionally, lipid profile parameters and safety markers (including metabolic, hepatic, and cardiovascular indicators) were assessed throughout the study duration. RESULTS: Compared to the placebo group, the Forcslim group showed significant reductions in waist circumference (-1.83 cm; p < 0.01) and body weight (-1.93 kg; p < 0.001). Significant improvements in anthropometric parameters were observed exclusively in the Forcslim group. Furthermore, triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly reduced (p < 0.01), while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels showed a significant increase (p = 0.001). No clinically significant changes were observed in metabolic markers, liver and muscle enzyme levels, heart rate, blood pressure, or reported adverse effects, indicating a favorable safety profile. CONCLUSIONS: Forcslim demonstrated significant anti-obesity effects, including reductions in body weight, waist circumference, and improvements in the lipid profile. These findings suggest that C. forskohlii extract supplementation may serve as a safe and effective alternative to synthetic anti-obesity drugs.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Alginate-based edible coating incorporating green tea extract for preserving postharvest quality and safety of white mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus).

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a sodium alginate based edible coating incorporated with green tea extract (GTE) (Camellia sinensis) on the postharvest quality attributes and antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes in white mushrooms during refrigerated storage. The phenolic profile of GTE was characterized, and its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against L. monocytogenes (1.6 mg/mL) was determined. Sodium alginate coatings, with (ALG-GTE) or without GTE (ALG) at MIC (1.6 mg/mL), were characterized (functional groups, solubility in water, moisture, thickness, water contact angle and color) for their chemical and physical properties. The effects of ALG-GTE coatings on quality parameters (firmness, weight loss, color, pH, sugars and organic acids), enzymatic activity [polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD) and pectin methylesterase (PME)], antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes (5 log CFU/g), and surface characteristics (3D optical profilometry) were assessed in white mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) during refrigerated storage (8 days, 4 ± 1 °C, 90-95% RH). The ALG-GTE coatings preserved sugar composition, particularly rhamnose, reduced organic acids accumulation and delayed weight and firmness loss, reduced color changes, and decreased PME activity in coated white mushrooms. L. monocytogenes counts decreased by 1.4 log CFU/g after 1 day, and no viable cells were detected after 2 days (< 1.5 log CFU/g) in ALG-GTE coated white mushrooms. In addition, ALG-GTE coated white mushrooms exhibited smoother surfaces than uncoated samples. These findings highlight the potential of ALG-GTE coatings as a sustainable alternative capable of improving the microbiological safety and delaying the postharvest changes in fresh mushrooms.

Agaricus↗

PubMed2026

Selective monitoring of trace-level catechin and myricetin in herbal and aqueous matrices using magnetic MIP-DSPME: Optimization via design of experiments.

A novel dispersive solid-phase microextraction approach utilizing a magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP) integrated with HPLC-UV detection was developed for the concurrent quantification of catechin and myricetin in herbal extracts and aqueous samples. The sorbent was engineered as a core-shell nanocomposite, consisting of a selective polymer layer deposited onto Fe3O4@SiO2-APTMS magnetic nanoparticles. Dual-template imprinting using catechin and myricetin generated complementary binding cavities within the polymer framework. Experimental variables influencing extraction were systematically screened and subsequently optimized. A Plackett-Burman design was first applied to identify the most influential factors, with pH and sorption time identified as the dominant variables. These parameters were subsequently fine-tuned using a central composite design, and the optimization process was completed in only 30 experimental runs. The sorption characteristics of the imprinted sorbent (MMIP) were compared with those of its non-imprinted counterpart (MNIP). The MMIP demonstrated markedly higher maximum binding capacities (Qmax), reaching 119.3 mg g-1 for myricetin and 112.1 mg g-1 for catechin, whereas the corresponding values for the MNIP were 32.55 and 32.08 mg g-1, respectively. Moreover, the affinity constants (KL = 0.760-0.950 L mg-1) were approximately 2.3-fold higher for the MMIP, confirming its stronger and more selective interactions with the target analytes. The selectivity coefficients for the targeted flavonoids relative to structurally related compounds, including ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, melatonin, and curcumin, exceeded 3.5 for the MMIP, whereas the corresponding values for the MNIP were close to 1.1, demonstrating the high molecular recognition capability of the imprinted sorbent. Method validation demonstrated limits of detection (LODs) of 0.33-0.59 ng mL-1 and limits of quantification (LOQs) of 1.10-1.96 ng mL-1, and excellent linearity over the concentration range of 5.0-5500 ng mL-1 (R2 > 0.998). The method achieved recoveries of 93.96% to 105.69% with RSDs below 5.5%, while the preconcentration factors ranged from 209 to 229. Furthermore, the sorbent retained more than 95% of its extraction efficiency after four consecutive reuse cycles and more than 80% after six cycles, demonstrating excellent stability and reusability. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of six medicinal plant extracts and water samples, showing negligible matrix interference and superior sensitivity, selectivity, and operational simplicity compared with conventional solid-phase extraction methods.

Flavonoids↗

PubMed2026

CL16019, A Combination of Cissus quadrangularis and Boswellia serrata Extracts Promotes the Healing of Distal Radius Fractures: A Multicentric, Randomized, Open-Label Study.

OBJECTIVE: Distal radius fracture (DRF) is the most frequent injury to the upper limb. Complications include nonunion, wrist stiffness and instability, local discomfort, and tendon irritation. The purpose of the current open-label clinical study was to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and tolerability of CL16019, an herbal formulation of Cissus quadrangularis and Boswellia serrata extract, in accelerating fracture healing in volunteers with DRFs. METHODS: Fifty participants (both male and female; age: 30-50 years) with type I, IIA, or IIB DRFs (as per Lidstrom classification) were equally randomized and treated with standard treatment (ST) or ST + CL16019 for 60 days. The primary efficacy outcome was the radiographical bone fracture healing rate as scored by the Radius Union Scoring System (RUSS). Pain, swelling, and tenderness were among the clinical characteristics evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS). Wrist function improvements were assessed using the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation Questionnaire (PRWEQ). The intergroup and intragroup results were analyzed using a paired t-test and an analysis of covariance model, respectively. RESULTS: The RUSS scores for the ST and ST + CL16019 groups at the end of the trial were 5.54 ± 1.77 and 7.96 ± 0.20, respectively, with a p-value <0.0001. In addition, the CL16019 volunteers showed substantial (p < 0.05) declines in their VAS and PRWEQ scores. The ST + CL16019 group demonstrated higher Physician Global Assessment and Subject Global Assessment scores. CONCLUSIONS: Supplementation of CL16019 along with standard therapy was found to enhance the bone fracture healing rate, possibly by accelerating the callus formation rate and enhancing cortical bridging. These findings imply that CL16019 might be a good adjunctive in addition to ST for the faster healing of DRFs. The trial was registered with the Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI) with the registration number CTRI/2021/12/039006, on December 29, 2021.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Safety and Tolerability of Single and Multiple Daily Oral Doses of Dried Kratom Leaf Powder in a Randomized Trial in Healthy Volunteers.

BACKGROUND: Kratom use is rising, increasing the need for safety and tolerability studies of high-quality and well-characterized kratom products in humans. Kratom's risk-benefit ratio, recommended dose, treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), abuse potential, and withdrawal require evaluation. Thus, the safety and tolerability of 4 escalating single and 15 daily dried kratom leaf powder doses in human volunteers were evaluated over 47 days in the largest controlled kratom-administration study to date. METHODS: A randomized, between-subject, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study of MitraLeaf kratom powder after single doses (SD), during 15 daily doses (multiple doses; MD), and a 23-day follow-up was conducted in 116 volunteers (49 MitraLeaf and 67 placebo). Twelve participants each received a SD of either 6.65, 13.3, 26.6, or 53.2 mg (n = 13) mitragynine in 500, 1000, 2000, or 4000 mg of MitraLeaf, respectively, with a 10-day follow-up. The same participants received 15 daily doses at the same concentration of SD mitragynine received, with a 27-day follow-up period. Inclusion criteria were nonsmoking healthy males and females who never used kratom or had not used kratom for ≥12 months, 18-55 years old, and BMI ≥18.5 and ≤29.9 kg/m 2 . Participants were excluded if they had known CYP3A4, CYP2D6, or CYP1A2 genetic polymorphisms. RESULTS: No serious adverse events or deaths were reported. TEAEs after SD or MD generally increased as the dose increased. Dizziness, nausea, and feeling of relaxation were the most commonly reported TEAEs after SD, and headache, feeling hot, increased alanine aminotransferase level, and nausea were most common after MD. CONCLUSIONS: This SD and first MD controlled study shows that Mitragyna speciosa -derived MitraLeaf kratom powder was safe and well tolerated at the dose ranges tested, with no evidence of meaningful abuse potential or withdrawal.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Systematic review of microorganism disinfection performance by chemical and ultraviolet light water treatment methods.

Safe drinking water is critical for public health, yet microbial contamination remains a significant global challenge. We conducted a systematic review to update World Health Organization guidance on water disinfection technologies by synthesizing peer-reviewed literature from 1997 to 2021 on the performance of free chlorine, chlorine dioxide, ozone, and ultraviolet (UV) light against bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. Following PRISMA guidelines, we analyzed log10 reduction values (LRVs) and contact times (Ct) or fluence (for UV) from laboratory and field studies. We included studies from multiple databases and expert-recommended studies. Results show mean Cts for 2 LRV of non-opportunistic bacteria as 6.0 (free chlorine), 0.4 (chlorine dioxide), and 1.2 (ozone) mg/L*min, and a mean UV fluence of 8.2 mJ/cm² (all bacteria). Viruses required lower Cts, except for UV-resistant adenoviruses, while protozoa required higher Cts or fluences. Opportunistic bacteria required significantly higher Cts than non-opportunistic bacteria for free chlorine and chlorine dioxide. Temperature and pH effects were inconsistent, highlighting data variability and gaps in field studies. These findings support global guidance on water treatment and may be used alongside other context-specific data to understand the roles these technologies play in reducing waterborne exposures. We recommend standardized reporting from performance studies to enable straightforward synthesis of evidence.

Disinfection↗

PubMed2026

Nutrikinetics and bioavailability of Promunel®, a standardized poplar-type propolis phenolic extract: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, cross-over, randomized trial.

Brown poplar-type propolis has been recognized and used for centuries to help prevent upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). However, the scarce, incomplete information in humans on the nutrikinetics and bioavailability of its phenolic constituents, combined with a lack of standardization in its phenolic content and profile pose major challenges to develop bioactive ingredients. Thus, the aim of this study was to establish the nutrikinetics and total bioavailability (NKBA) parameters of brown poplar-type propolis phenolics in humans using the Standardized Propolis Extract (SPE) Promunel®. To achieve this, a 48 h NBKA study was conducted following a double blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over design in healthy humans (n = 10) with two doses of SPE (1X = 400 mg or 4X = 1600 mg). Phenolic compounds were detected, identified and quantified in the extract, plasma and urine through different LC-MS/UV technologies. The SPE used is a rich (304.44 ± 15.61 µmol mg-1) and diverse source of phenolic compounds (5 sub-families). A total of 63 and 85 phenolic metabolites were identified and quantified in plasma and urine, mostly in the form of glucuronides and sulfates. In plasma, phenolic metabolites reached Cmax (1.22 ± 0.20 for 1X and 4.80 ± 0.48 µM for 4X) after 1 h of SPE intake, while urinary excretion occurred mostly during the first 3 h after. The total net bioavailability of SPE phenolic compounds at 48 h was 57.16 ± 5.71% for 1X and 43.82 ± 6.77% for 4X. Generally, the data between SPE 1X and 4X were proportional, indicating that a higher dose does not substantially modulate total net bioavailability. Overall, our data shows that brown poplar-type SPE phenolic compounds are highly bioavailable in the form of cinnamic acid and flavonoid conjugates, and that these compounds are rapidly absorbed and eliminated through the urine. Our results suggest that, for a sustained presence in circulation, brown poplar-type propolis supplements should be consumed more than once a day.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Genomic insights into end-use grain quality and nutritional traits of an ancient Indian dwarf wheat ( Triticum sphaerococcum Percival) population using a multi-locus genome-wide association study.

BACKGROUND: Triticum sphaerococcum, an ancient hexaploid wheat species, is renowned for its stress resilience and superior nutritional quality. A panel of 116 T. sphaerococcum accessions (the largest known collection at a single site globally), with six bread wheat released varieties, was evaluated for its potential for genetic quality improvement. Field experiments were conducted under standard, heat and moisture-deficit conditions across two cropping seasons for ten grain end-use quality and nutritional traits. RESULTS: Genotypes showed highly significant differences (P ≤ 0.001) for measured traits, with high broad-sense heritability resulting from substantial genotypic variance contributions. Triticum sphaerococcum consistently outperformed T. aestivum across environments, with moisture-deficit stress proving more detrimental to quality parameters than heat stress, while micronutrient content increased under stressed conditions. Trait correlations revealed that the gluten index (GI) correlated negatively with the grain hardness index (GHI), wet gluten (WG), and water-binding capacity (WB), while positively correlating with dry gluten (DG) and protein content (PRO), whereas grain iron (GFE), zinc (GZN), and protein showed consistent positive interrelationships. Two superior accessions, PAUTS10 (WG 35.13%, DG 13.71%, PRO 16.42%, GZN 50.89 ppm) and Sonamoti (WG 33.33%, DG 12.92%, PRO 16.27%, GZN 56.03 ppm), were identified, surpassing the best check variety HD3226 for quality and nutritional parameters. Multi-locus genome-wide association studies identified 30 stable quantitative trait nucleotides across environments, with candidate gene analysis revealing genes involved in transcription regulation, biosynthetic processes, metal ion homeostasis, and transport. CONCLUSIONS: Triticum sphaerococcum demonstrated superior grain quality and micronutrient potential compared with modern wheat, highlighting its value as a genetic resource for biofortification. The identification of elite accessions and stable quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) provides useful targets for breeding programs aimed at improving protein and micronutrient content. Integrating ancient germplasm with modern genomic tools can accelerate the development of nutritionally enhanced wheat varieties. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

Triticum↗

PubMed2026

[Comparative analysis of comprehensive treatment outcomes in patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis with the addition of the multicomponent complex AndrOPREN].

INTRODUCTION: Type II chronic bacterial prostatitis is characterized by persistent infection, insufficient efficacy of standard therapy, and a high recurrence rate, which necessitates the search for additional treatment options. AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding the multicomponent complex AndrOPREN to comprehensive therapy for type II chronic bacterial prostatitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective, comparative, randomized study included 233 patients allocated to the main group (n=126) and the control group (n=107). In both groups, patients received standard therapy; men in the main group additionally received the multi-ingredient complex AndrOPREN at a dose of two capsules of No. 1 and two capsules of No. 2 daily for 1-2 months. The follow-up period was 60 days. Changes in symptoms according to the IPSS and QoL scores, urinalysis parameters, microscopy findings of expressed prostatic secretions, pathogen eradication, and biochemical safety parameters were assessed. RESULTS: Improvement was observed in both groups and was more pronounced in the main group. By day 14, the median IPSS score was 14.0 [12.0; 16.0] vs. 18.0 [15.0; 20.0] in the control group (p<0.001); by day 60, the corresponding values were 7.0 [5.0; 9.0] and 11.0 [9.0; 13.0] (p<0.001). At the end of follow-up, the QoL score was 2.0 [1.0; 2.0] and 3.0 [2.0; 3.0], respectively. No microbial growth was detected in 91.2% and 80.4% of patients, respectively (p=0.026); Escherichia coli eradication was achieved in 91.7% and 76.9%, respectively. No biochemical changes indicative of nephrotoxicity or hepatotoxicity were detected. DISCUSSION: The addition of the multicomponent complex AndrOPREN was associated with more rapid symptom resolution, a reduction in inflammatory changes, restoration of the secretory function of the prostate, and greater microbiological efficacy. CONCLUSION: The addition of the multicomponent complex AndrOPREN to comprehensive therapy for type II chronic bacterial prostatitis improves treatment efficacy while maintaining a favorable safety profile.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Discarding Bedside Cart Paper-Packaged Supplies Between Patients: What Evidence Is Required?

BACKGROUND: Discarding paper-packaged sterile supplies from bedside supply carts between patients in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) is a potential practice to target for environmental stewardship. OBJECTIVES: To determine opinions about this practice, including what evidence should be required to implement and what evidence would be adequate to abandon it. METHODS: A survey was distributed to all pediatric intensivists engaged in multicenter research in Canada and to all PICU nurses at one institution in Canada. RESULTS: The response rate was 75 of 254 (30%). The practice occurred in 54 (72%) of the respondents' units. Ten respondents (13%) agreed the practice was effective in preventing nosocomial infections. Most respondents agreed the practice should be based on empirical evidence, including a combination of improved patient outcomes (n = 57, 76%), rate of contamination of supplies within the supply carts (n = 55, 73%), and survivability of pathogens inoculated onto paper (n = 56, 75%). Most respondents agreed they would be comfortable with a randomized controlled trial (n = 52, 69%) and would support action based on the results (n = 54, 72%). The potential trial outcome most highly ranked was next-patient nosocomial infection with pathogen from the previous patient (n = 23, 31%); this was ranked more often by intensivists (P = .005). Other outcomes highly ranked included next-patient colonization with pathogen from the previous patient (n = 44, 59%) and pathogen detection on supplies within the supply cart (n = 43, 57%). CONCLUSIONS: Most respondents agreed that the practice was not based on empirical evidence, agreed the practice should be based on empirical evidence, and would agree to a randomized trial with patient-important outcomes.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Tracing the evolution and diversity of human parvovirus B19 across human history.

Human parvovirus B19 (B19V) is an ubiquitously spread, exclusively human pathogen, mainly posing risks to children, as well as pregnant and immunocompromised individuals. Despite evidence of B19V infection of human populations as far back as 7,000 years, the evolutionary history of B19V remains poorly understood. In this study, we present B19V genomic data from the remains of 53 globally distributed individuals spanning more than 8,000 years, including 7 children. Our findings suggest that the most recent common ancestor of all present B19V lineages existed around 12,000 years ago, at the end of the last Ice Age. Additionally, we identified an extinct Eurasian clade that participated in the recombination event that led to the emergence of B19V genotype 2 (GT-2). We date this event to ∼3,200-1,800 BP, potentially in the greater Mediterranean area. Our study shows aspects of how ancient parvovirus variants arose, disseminated, and impacted human health through time.

ancient DNA↗