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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Q-switched ruby laser treatment of labial lentigos.

The Q-switched ruby laser causes selective damage to pigmented cells in the skin. This laser, which has a wavelength of 694 nm and a pulse duration of 40 nsec, has shown very promising results in the treatment of both amateur and professional tattoos. Less data are available on its ability to treat benign pigmented lesions of the skin. Three patients who had labial lentigos were treated with the Q-switched ruby laser, and dramatic clearing occurred after one or two treatments with a fluence of 10 J/cm2.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Immunoperoxidase labeling of the anterograde tracer fluoro-ruby (tetramethylrhodamine-dextran amine conjugate).

Fluoro-Ruby (tetramethylrhodamine-dextran amine conjugate) has been shown recently to be an effective anterograde tracer readily visible in brain sections with fluorescence microscopy. We show in this study that further microscopic analysis of Fluoro-Ruby-labeled elements is feasible with a conventional immunoperoxidase reaction using an antiserum raised against tetramethylrhodamine.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Real time frequency domain fibreoptic temperature sensor using ruby crystals.

The excited state phosphorescence lifetime of ruby crystals is used to monitor temperature in the physiological range from 15 degrees to 45 degrees C with precision and accuracy less than 1 degree C, in real time. Precision of 0.1 degree C is attained with 3 min integration times. A 500 micron cubic ruby crystal bounded to the distal end of an optical fibre of similar core dimensions is excited with pulsed Ne-He laser light of about 9 microW average power. The instrument uses a sampler for data acquisition, and frequency domain methods for data fitting. The instrument amplifies the a.c. components of the detector output and band limits the signal to 800 Hz. The fundamental frequency of the excitation is set to 24.41 Hz to obtain 32 or less harmonics. This band-limited signal is sampled and averaged between 20 and 100 cycles to obtain temperature measurements in real time. The frequency domain representation of the data is obtained by employing fast Fourier transform algorithms. The phase delay and the modulation ratio, of each sampled harmonic, is then computed. Five to 32 values of the phase and modulation are averaged before computing the sensor lifetime. The technique is capable of measuring precise and accurate excited state lifetimes from subpicowatt luminescent signals in plastic optical fibres. A least squares fit yields the lifetimes of single exponentials. A component of zero lifetime is introduced to account for the backscatter excitation seen by the photodetector leaking through optical interference filters. The phosphorescence lifetimes measured reproducibly to about six parts in 1000, with a 2 s integration time, are used to monitor physiological temperature. Temperatures are computed employing empirical polynomials. The system drift is 3% over 5 h of continuous operation. The instrumentation and methods allow 2.7 s update times and 50 s full response times.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMed2005

Red Star Ruby (Sunrise) and blond qualities of Jaffa grapefruits and their influence on plasma lipid levels and plasma antioxidant activity in rats fed with cholesterol-containing and cholesterol-free diets.

Bioactive compounds of peels and peeled red Star Ruby (Sunrise) and blond qualities of Jaffa grapefruits were analyzed and their antioxidant potential was assessed. The dietary fibers were determined according to Prosky et al., the total polyphenol content by Folin-Ciocalteu method and measured at 765 nm, minerals and trace elements by atomic absorption spectrometer, phenolic and ascorbic acids by HPLC and the antioxidant potential by two different antioxidant assays (DPPH and beta-carotene linoleate model system). It was found that the contents of most studied bioactive compounds in both qualities are comparable. Only the contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids were higher in red grapefruits, but not significant. The antioxidant potentials of red peeled grapefruits and their peels were significantly higher than of blond peeled grapefruits and their peels (P<0.05 in both cases). Diets supplemented with peeled red and blond qualities of Jaffa grapefruits and their peels have increased the plasma antioxidant capacity and improved plasma lipid levels, especially in rats fed with cholesterol added diet. In conclusion, both qualities of Jaffa grapefruits contain high quantities of bioactive compounds, but the antioxidant potential of red grapefruits is significantly higher. Diets supplemented with both qualities of Jaffa grapefruits improve the plasma lipid levels and increase the plasma antioxidant activity, especially in rats fed with cholesterol added diets. Jaffa grapefruits, especially their red Star Ruby quality, could be a valuable supplementation for diseases-preventing diets.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Treatment of nevus of Ota by Q-switched ruby laser.

BACKGROUND: There are few reports on therapy for nevus of Ota. Moreover, traditional treatments are largely palliative or risk permanent pigmentary changes and/or scarring. OBJECTIVE: The efficacy of the Q-switched ruby laser (694 nm, 40 nsec) as a therapy for nevus of Ota was investigated. METHODS: Nine nevi or portions thereof were irradiated up to six times with 4.5 and/or 7.5 J/cm2 at a mean exposure interval of 3 weeks. Sequential skin biopsy specimens were processed for light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. RESULTS: Cosmetic improvement occurred at both doses in the irradiated parts of the six nevi available for follow-up. No appreciable difference was noted between single and multiple treatments. There was no gross scarring. Light microscopy revealed dose-related immediate injury with more melanophages and fewer dermal melanocytes after irradiation in comparison with control areas. Electron microscopic distinction between dermal melanocytes and melanin-laden macrophages was difficult. A monoclonal antibody to human melanosome-specific antigen type 1 (HMSA-1) was used to distinguish between the two cell populations. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the Q-switched ruby laser is useful for treating nevus of Ota.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Facial hirsutism treated with the normal-mode ruby laser: results of a 12-month follow-up study.

Fifty-one patients of skin type I to IV with facial hirsutism received treatment with the normal-mode ruby laser (950-micros pulse; 4-mm spot; mean fluence, 49 J/cm(2); maximum fluence, 66 J/cm(2)). For each patient, one site was treated once only, and a second site was treated 4 times at 4-week intervals. After 48 weeks, 46 patients were available for assessment. After a single treatment, hair counts were reduced to a mean of 45% at 4 weeks (pretreatment median of 63 hairs down to 26), increased to 80% (median, 51 hairs) at 12 weeks, were 65% (median, 41 hairs) at 24 weeks, and were 59% (median, 35 hairs) at 48 weeks. Four weeks after 3 treatments, the hair counts had reduced to a mean of 30% (pretreatment median of 68 hairs down to 15). Twelve weeks after 4 treatments, the hair counts had increased to 45% (median, 24 hairs) and were 39% after 36 weeks (median, 22.5 hairs). No anesthesia was needed. Treatment tolerance improved with consecutive visits, allowing higher fluences to be used. Hyperpigmentation developed in 9 patients, which had faded completely in 8 patients at the end of the study. One patient showed hypopigmentation. Depressions in the skin below the jaw line developed in 5 patients, which resolved completely within 4 to 32 weeks. We conclude that normal-mode ruby laser treatment is well tolerated and leads to significant improvement of facial hirsutism, which is maintained for at least 48 weeks. Repeated treatments result in greater clinical effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Ruby laser treatment for hirsutism: clinical response and patient tolerance.

We report the results of a study of the ruby laser in normal mode for treatment of hirsutism in 43 patients with skin types I-IV. A pulse width of 950 microseconds, a 4 mm spot and a fluence sufficient to produce minimal whitening of the epidermis were used (mean 48 J/cm2). In each patient, one site was treated once only, and a second site received four treatments at monthly intervals. After a single treatment, hair counts had reduced to a mean of 46% (median 67, reduced to 26) of the pretreatment values at 1 month, but increased to 80% (median 42) at 3 months and were 66% (median 37) at 6 months. One month after three treatments, hair counts had reduced to a mean of 29% (median 60, reduced to 15) of pretreatment values, and 3 months after four treatments at the same site, counts had increased to 44% (median 21). Patient tolerance of the treatment was good and higher fluences tended to be tolerated at consecutive visits. The first treatment was followed by mild, short-lived erythema and swelling in 60% (25 of 42) patients. Fourteen per cent (six of 42) experienced mild blistering and 33% (14 of 42) crusting. More severe reactions were seen infrequently. These results indicate that normal mode ruby laser treatment is well tolerated. Sustained reduction in hair counts can be achieved for at least 6 months, and multiple treatments produce greater clinical effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Long-pulsed ruby laser-assisted hair removal in male-to-female transsexuals.

BACKGROUND: Unwanted male-pattern pilosity is a heavy psychological burden and can cause distress for male-to-female transsexuals. Orchidectomy and oestrogen supplementation combined with antiandrogens fail to make hair disappear. AIMS: To study the effect of long-pulsed ruby laser treatment. RESULTS: Hair density was successfully abated on the beard and chest of three male-to-female transsexuals. A lingering effect over 6 months with a 50-90% hair density reduction was obtained. CONCLUSION: Photothermolysis using the long-pulsed ruby laser is a promising, well-tolerated method of hair removal in male-to-female transsexuals under oestrogen supplementation and antiandrogens.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Pili bigeminy induced by low fluence therapy with hair removal alexandrite and ruby lasers.

BACKGROUND: Lasers are being widely used for the hair removal. Several complications including hyperpigmentation, erythma, hypopigmentation, and burns have been reported. OBJECTIVE: To study laser hair removal complications. METHODS: Pubic hairs were treated with alexandrite and ruby lasers. RESULTS: Pili Bigeminy can be induced by low fluence therapy with hair removal Alexandrite and Ruby lasers as a complication. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first report of pili bigminy as a complication of laser-assisted hair removal.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Q-Switched ruby laser therapy of acquired bilateral nevus of Ota-like macules.

BACKGROUND: Acquired bilateral nevus of Ota-like macules (ABNLM), also called nevus fuscoceruleus zygomaticus or nevus of Hori, is a relatively common disease in Asia. It is refractory to all medical treatment. OBJECTIVE: To present the first report on the use of Q-switched ruby laser to treat ABNLM. METHODS: One hundred and forty female patients, ages 19-62 years (mean 39 years), were included in the study. The laser fluence employed was 7-10 J/cm2, at a repetition rate of 1 Hz, and with a spot size of 2-4 mm. The number of treatment sessions ranged from 1 to 6 (mean 2.3). RESULTS: Nine patients were lost to follow-up before complete clearance of the lesions, while in the remaining 131 patients complete clearance was obtained. The only complication was a long-term hypopigmentation, observed in three patients. There was no recurrence at 6 months- 4.3 years (mean 2.5 years) of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Q-switched ruby laser is an effective and less invasive tool to eradicate ABNLM.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of a long-pulsed ruby laser system in the removal of unwanted hair.

BACKGROUND: Unwanted hair growth is a common, usually physiologic phenomenon. OBJECTIVE: In this study the efficacy and tolerability of a long-pulsed ruby laser system was compared with needle electrolysis and hot wax on three parts of the body. METHODS: Thirty volunteers were treated three times on the forearm (n = 10), on the face (n = 10), or in the pubic area (n = 10) with 25 J/cm2 laser, 40 J/cm2 laser, needle electrolysis, and hot wax therapy. RESULTS: The 25 J/cm2 and 40 J/cm2 laser treated sites showed a statistically significant decrease (38% and 49%, respectively) in the number of hairs at the first visit after the last treatment compared to the pretreatment hair counts. No significant decrease was observed in the needle electrolysis and hot wax treated sites. Laser therapy yielded better results on the forearm than on the face or pubic area and was scored as the least painful. CONCLUSION: The long-pulsed ruby laser is a promising, well-tolerated method of epilation.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Hair removal using a 5-msec long-pulsed ruby laser.

BACKGROUND: Unwanted hair is a widespread cosmetic problem. Many temporary methods of hair removal exist, with laser hair removal rapidly becoming the most widely used modality. OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy and side effects of a long-pulsed ruby laser for epilation in patients with varying skin types and hair color 6 weeks and 6 months after treatment. METHODS: Seventy-four patients received one to four treatments with a long-pulsed ruby laser (694 nm, 5-msec pulse length, 6 mm spot size, 17.5-32 J/cm2) in different body areas. RESULTS: After a mean number of treatments of 1.98 (range 1-4) the mean clearance was 51-75% after 6 weeks and less than 25% after 6 months. A lower percentage of hair regrowth was observed in the facial region than on the trunk or legs and in dark hair compared to blond hair. CONCLUSION: Laser epilation provides a quick and relatively comfortable, but nonpermanent modality for hair removal with few side effects.

Female↗
PubMed2000

Treatment of nonmelanotic hyperpigmentation with the Q-switched ruby laser.

Hyperpigmentation of the skin is often refractory to conventional therapies, but has significant cosmetic implications if located on visible areas. Because laser systems are capable of removing pigment deposits caused by selective photothermolysis, we addressed the issue of whether the Q-switched ruby laser could be a useful alternative in the treatment of nonmelanotic hyperpigmented skin lesions. We report the successful treatment of a patient with hyperpigmentation caused by iatrogenic human herpesvirus 8-associated Kaposi's sarcoma and a patient with hyperpigmentation caused by long-term antimalarial therapy for cutaneous lupus erythematosus. In both patients, clinical lightening of the darkly pigmented lesions was seen after a single treatment, and a significant improvement was observed after 3 laser applications. The patients tolerated the laser therapy well without any short-term side effects and did not experience either scarring or considerable textural skin changes. Histologic examination was performed before and after laser treatment to confirm the reduction of the pigment deposits. Our data indicate that treatment of nonmelanotic skin hyperpigmentation with the Q-switched ruby laser might be a safe and powerful therapeutic method.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

A fusion pore phenotype in mast cells of the ruby-eye mouse.

Using patch-clamp capacitance and amperometric techniques, we have identified an exocytotic phenotype that affects the function of the fusion pore, the molecular structure that connects the lumen of a secretory vesicle with the extracellular environment during exocytosis. Direct observation of individual exocytotic events in mast cells from the ruby-eye mouse (ru/ru) showed a 3-fold increase in the fraction and duration of transient fusion events with respect to wild-type mice. The fraction of the total fusion events that were transient increased from 0.22 +/- 0.02 (wild type) to 0.65 +/- 0.02 (ru/ru), and the average duration of these events increased from 418 +/- 32 ms (wild type) to 1207 +/- 89 ms (ru/ru). We also show that this phenotype can reduce and delay an evoked secretory response by causing the fusion of vesicles that have been previously emptied by repeated cycles of transient fusion. The exocytotic phenotype that we describe here may be a cause of diseases like platelet storage pool deficiency and prolonged bleeding times for which the ruby-eye mouse serves as an animal model. Furthermore, the identification of the gene causing the fusion pore phenotype reported here will illuminate the molecular mechanisms regulating exocytotic fusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Q-switched ruby laser treatment of mucocutaneous melanosis associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is an eponym for circumscribed mucocutaneous melanosis in association with gastrointestinal polyposis. Irregular pigmented macules of varying size and color can be found on the perioral skin, lip vermillion border, buccal mucosa, palate, and tongue. Previous treatments, such as surgical excision, cryosurgery, electrodesiccation, dermabrasion, and carbon dioxide or argon laser ablation commonly result in incomplete removal, scarring, or changes in normal pigmentation. The Q-switched ruby laser used at 694 nm, a wavelength well absorbed by melanin relative to other optically absorbing structures in skin, causes highly selective destruction of pigment-laden cells. In addition, the 20-nanosecond pulse duration produced by this laser approximates the thermal relaxation time for melanosomes, thereby confining the energy to the target. The Q-switched ruby laser produces clinically significant fading of mucocutaneous melanosis in association with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome without complications often seen with other therapeutic modalities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Q-switched ruby laser treatment of tattoos and benign pigmented skin lesions: a critical review.

The Q-switched ruby laser (694 nm, 25-40 nsec) is an effective and safe therapeutic device for the treatment of tattoos and well-defined, benign, pigmented epidermal and dermal lesions. Because of its selective mode of action, dermal pigments of natural and artificial origin are destroyed photothermically and removed without scar. This method is exceptionally suited for the elimination of lay and professional tattoos, traumatic tattoos, and permanent makeup. Other frequent indications include benign pigmented lesions such as lentigines, freckles, café-au-lait spots, seborrheic keratosis, and Becker nevi. As a dermal pigmented lesion, the nevus of Ota is perfectly treatable. However, chloasma can no longer be considered an indication for ruby laser treatment due to unsatisfactory results. Melanocytic nevi and congenital nevi should be treated only in clinical studies. The effectiveness of the long-term epilation of dark hair with this laser device has to be verified in future investigations. Particularly attractive is the nonproblematic and straightforward removal of pigmented lesions in precarious anatomic regions like the lips, eyelids, and genitals (e.g., benign melanosis of the lips or of the penis, seborrheic keratosis of the lid angle).

Dermatologic Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1989

Vulnerability of the retina to injury from a military ruby rangefinder at battlefield distances.

This study investigates the possibility of causing a vitreal hemorrhage with a standard ruby rangefinder at battlefield engagement distances when the laser is observed with the naked eye or through magnifying optics or filters. The experiments were undertaken on the eyes of anesthetized pigs. The pigs were anesthetized with Mebumal and given 0.5% thropicamid in the eyes. They were then exposed to the radiation from a standard military ruby rangefinder (pulsewidth 25 ns, pulse energy 180 mJ). The rangefinder was aligned with a He-Ne laser and a beamsplitter. Eight experiments were performed, each with several exposures. The range was varied from 0.5-850 m. Some of the experiments were made using the naked eye, some with a filter, some with binoculars (7 x 50) and some with a combination of filter and binoculars. The pulse energy was varied from 91-6500 muJ. Vitreal hemorrhages were caused at distances of 410 and 850 m when a pair of binoculars (7 x 50) was placed in front of the eyes. The intraocular energy varied between 1500 and 4400 microJ. Results indicate that there is a possibility of causing a vitreal hemorrhage in a soldier who is using standard field binoculars and looking in the direction of an ordinary military rangefinder at distances at least up to 850 m.

Animals↗