SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Flexible and negative suction ureteral access sheath”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

2,985 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

PubMed2026

Socioeconomic differences in the effectiveness of oral health programs for dental caries prevention in Europe: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIM: The meta-analysis systematically summarized evidence on how socioeconomic status (SES), access to dental care, and oral health programs (OHP) affect caries prevalence and severity among children and adults in Europe. METHODS: Four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Embase) were systematically screened from 1947-2026, supplemented by cross-referencing and manual searches, without language restrictions. Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment were done in duplicate. Methodological quality was assessed using the NHLBI Study Quality Assessment Tools according to study design. Certainty of evidence was graded using GRADE Profiler 3.6. Mean differences (MD) were calculated for changes in DMFT, and odds ratios (OR) for the presence of dental caries in individuals using fixed-or random-effects models. RESULTS: Electronic searching identified 1800 articles; 23 studies were included in the review (>169,000 participants) and 14 in the meta-analyses (>88,000). Nine studies evaluated the effectiveness of OHP stratified by SES, and ten examined OHP in low-SES populations. Among low-SES individuals, participation in OHP was associated with a significantly lower increase in DMFT (MD[95% CI]=-0.63[-0.94;-0.31];very low certainty) and significantly lower odds of having dental caries (OR[95% CI]=0.61[0.52;0.73];very low) compared with non-participation. Among program participants, individuals with low SES showed a significantly greater increase in DMFT than those with high SES (MD[95% CI]=0.79[0.30;1.21];very low) and had significantly higher odds of having dental caries (OR[95% CI]= 2.88[1.97;4.22];very low). CONCLUSION: Participation in OHP may be associated with reducing dental caries in European populations, but benefits are unequally distributed and increase with higher SES. However, this conclusion is based on a limited number of well-conducted trials.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

The Impact of Chatbot Type and Normative Messaging on Chatbot Usage Intention Based on the Health Technology Acceptance Model: Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Digital health tools, such as health chatbots, may improve access to scalable health support, but adoption remains inconsistent. Existing models do not fully integrate technology acceptance factors with health motivation factors relevant to digital health use. OBJECTIVE: This study proposed and tested the health technology acceptance model and examined whether normative message framing and chatbot type were associated with health motivation, technology acceptance, and intention to use a health chatbot. METHODS: In October 2025, we conducted a 4 × 2 between-participants online experiment with 1000 US adults recruited from a nationally representative YouGov panel. Participants were randomized to 1 of 8 conditions varying norm message type (self-oriented, peer-oriented, expert-oriented, or family-oriented) and chatbot type (AI-powered or rule-based) in a cancer prevention and genetic risk information scenario. Outcomes included descriptive norms, injunctive norms, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, self-efficacy, perceived ease of use, trust, privacy concerns, and usage intention. Data were analyzed using a multivariate ANOVA with Bonferroni-adjusted post hoc tests and multiple linear regression. RESULTS: Peer-oriented and family-oriented messages produced higher usage intention than expert-oriented messages, and peer-oriented messages also increased descriptive norms, injunctive norms, self-efficacy, and trust. AI-powered chatbots were associated with higher usage intention (P=.02) and greater trust (P=.008) than rule-based chatbots. In regression analyses, the model explained 50.8% of the variance in usage intention. Usage intention was positively associated with descriptive norms (β=0.087; P=.003), injunctive norms (β=0.078; P=.009), perceived susceptibility (β=0.051; P=.03), perceived benefits (β=0.253; P<.001), and trust (β=0.33; P<.001), and negatively associated with perceived severity (β=-0.047; P=.049) and privacy concerns (β=-0.11; P<.001). Perceived ease of use and self-efficacy were not significant predictors. CONCLUSIONS: The health technology acceptance model was a useful framework for explaining the intention to use a health chatbot by combining technology acceptance and health motivation constructs. Both social design features and chatbot design features shaped adoption-related beliefs, with peer-oriented and family-oriented framing and AI-powered chatbots showing particular promise. Trust and privacy concerns remained central determinants of intended use.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Morphology-Encoded Colorimetric Hydrogen Sensing Using Embedded Reactive Pd Absorbers in Fabry-Perot Cavities.

Chemical reactions offer a powerful strategy for generating visible optical responses through localized changes in absorption, dielectric environment, and interfacial wetting. A palladium (Pd)-embedded Fabry-Perot cavity is introduced as a reaction-active optical platform in which structural color is governed by intracavity absorption coupled with reaction-induced dielectric perturbation. Positioning Pd within the dielectric spacer creates a spatially controllable reactive absorber whose vertical location relative to the standing-wave field dictates wavelength-selective absorption within the cavity. The morphology of the embedded Pd layer provides an additional design parameter by modulating both optical loss and interfacial wetting. Under hydrogen exposure in the presence of oxygen, catalytic water formation at the Pd/polymer interface generates localized dielectric heterogeneity and interfacial water droplets, thereby perturbing the optical path length and amplifying the visible response. As a result, the cavity exhibits pronounced, morphology-dependent color transitions that are inaccessible through dielectric-layer engineering or Pd/PdH refractive-index changes alone, enabling direct visual hydrogen sensing under ambient light, as well as flexible optical devices capable of large-area patterning. These findings establish a design framework for reaction-active optical cavities that translate localized chemistry into a colorimetric hydrogen sensing mechanism.

Fabry–Perot resonator↗

PubMed2026

Updated adjunctive minocycline for schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical and cognitive outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Minocycline has been proposed as an adjunctive treatment for schizophrenia due to its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. However, evidence regarding its efficacy across clinical and cognitive outcomes remains inconsistent. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of double-blind RCTs was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library were searched from January 2000 to August 2025. Eligible studies included patients with schizophrenia receiving adjunctive minocycline plus stable antipsychotics. Primary outcomes were PANSS total and subscale scores and overall cognitive performance. Secondary outcomes included SANS, CDS, CGI, GAF, and seven cognitive domains. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% CIs were calculated. RESULTS: Ten RCTs involving 895 participants were included. Adjunctive minocycline was associated with improvements in negative symptoms (PANSS negative: SMD = -0.55, 95% CI: -0.96 to -0.13; SANS: SMD = -0.75, 95% CI: -1.00 to -0.49) and overall psychopathology (PANSS total: SMD = -0.49, 95% CI: -0.80 to -0.18). Cognitive benefits were limited to a modest improvement in working memory (SMD = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.39), with no significant effects in other cognitive domains. Subgroup analyses suggested that illness stage, antipsychotic regimen, treatment duration, sample size, and geographic region may contribute to variability in treatment effects. Adverse event rates were comparable between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Adjunctive minocycline may improve negative symptoms and provide modest working memory benefits in schizophrenia. However, the evidence is limited by substantial heterogeneity, potential small-study effects, and inconsistent findings. Although short- to medium-term tolerability appeared comparable to placebo, larger, longer-term RCTs are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Reported exposure to news portrayals about mental health problems and their impact: Findings from the 2025 National Survey of Stigma and Discrimination.

OBJECTIVE: Media portrayals of people with mental illness have the power to mitigate or perpetuate stigma related to mental health. This study aimed to investigate reported real-world exposure to news media portrayals about people with mental health problems in the past 12 months and the impact of these. METHODS: Data were from a nationally representative survey of 6032 Australians exploring attitudes towards people with mental health problems. Participants were asked about their exposure to positive news stories about a person with a mental health problem, as well as negative portrayals, in which someone was harmed by a person with a mental health problem. Further questions covered the sources (traditional or social media) and impact of these exposures. RESULTS: Regression models were used to explore sociodemographic predictors of impact. Most participants reported exposure to negative news portrayals (68.4%, 95% confidence interval = [66.9, 69.8]), while fewer reported exposure to positive news stories (33.7%, 95% confidence interval = [32.3, 35.2]). Most people exposed to the negative news stories reported a negative impact (69.0%, 95% confidence interval = [67.2, 70.7]), and most exposed to positive news stories reported a positive impact (80.2%, 95% confidence interval = [77.6, 82.5]). Age and gender were associated with reported impact but not lived experience of mental illness. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to negative news stories about mental health problems was prevalent. Given their impact on news audiences broadly, negative news stories need to be accurate and responsible to mitigate negative impacts. A renewed focus on generating and promoting positive and stigma-challenging news stories is needed to increase subsequent positive impacts.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Liver transcriptome analysis revealed multiple immune processes and lipid metabolism pathways involved in the defense response of the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) against Aeromonas salmonicida.

Aeromonas salmonicida is a significant pathogen causing notable economic losses in Scophthalmus maximus aquaculture. This study utilized Illumina sequencing technology to examine the transcriptional response characteristics of S. maximus liver at 24 h following A. salmonicida infection. A total of 2363 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified when compared to the negative control group. The immunity-related Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, as well as metabolism-related PPAR signaling pathway and insulin signaling pathway, were notably enriched. Significant differences exist in the expression of key genes within the PPAR pathway, particularly cd36, acsl4a, pparαa, and plin2, all of which mediate the interaction between lipid metabolism and the immune response. These results offer valuable insights into the immunometabolic regulatory mechanism of S. maximus response to A. salmonicida infection.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Simultaneous Administration of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine With Other Recommended Vaccines Among Adolescents Aged 13-17 years, National Immunization Survey-Teen (NIS-Teen), United States, 2023.

PURPOSE: To investigate the percent of adolescents who receive human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine with one or more other vaccines recommended for adolescents in a single medical visit. METHODS: Data from the 2023 National Immunization Survey-Teen were analyzed. Timing of receipt of HPV vaccine, tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap), quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenACWY), and influenza vaccine was assessed using provider-reported vaccination histories. RESULTS: In 2023, among adolescents aged 13-17 years, 69.5% received HPV vaccine with one or more other vaccines recommended for adolescents in a single medical visit. In addition, 47.8% received specifically HPV vaccine, Tdap, and MenACWY together in a single medical visit. DISCUSSION: The HPV vaccine is commonly given with other vaccines recommended for adolescents in a single medical visit. These findings demonstrate variation in simultaneous vaccination patterns, suggesting that flexibility in the recommended adolescent vaccination schedule allows for different approaches to vaccination across clinical settings and family preferences while maintaining adherence to the recommended schedule.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Multi-omics reveals that burdock seed aglycone alleviates renal fibrosis by restoring mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation function.

Renal fibrosis (RF), a common pathological process driving chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression to end-stage renal failure, is closely associated with oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Arctigenin (ATG), the main active component of burdock seed, exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activities, but its mechanisms in RF treatment remain unclear. Here, we performed integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses to identify key targets and pathways of ATG in a unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced rat RF model. Multi-omics enrichment analysis revealed that NDUFS8 and NDUFS2 were the core targets of ATG, with the OXPHOS pathway as the central intersecting pathway. Our results suggest that ATG exerts anti-renal fibrosis effects by targeting the OXPHOS pathway to inhibit excessive reactive oxygen species production and oxidative stress. SIGNIFICANCE: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) continues to impose an escalating global health and socioeconomic burden, while renal fibrosis (RF), as the convergent pathological endpoint of virtually all progressive nephropathies, remains the principal determinant of irreversible renal failure and adverse clinical outcomes. Despite extensive efforts to develop antifibrotic therapies, effective clinical interventions remain elusive, largely due to the complex and multifactorial nature of RF pathogenesis. In this study, we employed an integrated multi-omics framework encompassing transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics to systematically decipher the antifibrotic mechanism of arctigenin (ATG), a bioactive natural compound derived from traditional Chinese medicine. Our findings identify mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation as the pivotal regulatory axis underlying the renoprotective effects of ATG and further establish key catalytic subunits of mitochondrial complex I as its direct molecular targets. Mechanistically, ATG not only restores complex I activity and reprograms mitochondrial energy metabolism but also preserves the intracellular stability and localization of these subunits, thereby preventing their aberrant release-mediated inflammatory activation and disrupting the self-perpetuating cycle linking metabolic dysfunction, inflammation, and fibrosis progression. Beyond revealing a previously unrecognized dual mechanism integrating metabolic and inflammatory regulation, this study provides compelling evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction is not merely a secondary consequence of tissue injury but a fundamental driver of fibrotic remodeling. Importantly, our work highlights the translational potential of natural product-based mitochondrial interventions for CKD treatment and supports a broader conceptual shift toward metabolism-centered therapeutic strategies for chronic fibrotic diseases. Given the central role of mitochondrial dysfunction across multiple organs, these findings may also have far-reaching implications for the treatment of systemic fibrosis-related disorders beyond the kidney.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

UNCX/SIN3A-Mediated H4K8 decrotonylation suppresses FOXO3 to drive TNBC progression and docetaxel resistance.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a clinically challenging subtype characterized by aggressive behavior and limited treatment options. Though docetaxel remains a cornerstone chemotherapy for TNBC, the frequent emergence of resistance highlights the urgent need to identify novel therapeutic targets. In this study, we report that uncoordinated homeobox (UNCX) is upregulated in docetaxel-resistant breast cancer cells, genomically amplified in breast cancer, and associated with poor survival in breast carcinoma patients. Functional studies revealed that UNCX promotes breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and reduces the docetaxel sensitivity. Mechanistically, UNCX functions as a transcriptional repressor by recruiting the SIN3A complex. Genome-wide profiling indicated that the UNCX/SIN3A complex directly binds to the promoters of tumor-suppressor genes including FOXO3, and represses their transcription by removing histone H4K8 crotonylation (H4K8cr). Additionally, the UNCX/SIN3A complex enhances FOXO3 phosphorylation and inhibits its nuclear translocation, further inhibiting its activity. Notably, SIN3A knockdown, FOXO3 overexpression, or crotonylation restoration effectively reverses UNCX-induced malignant phenotypes. These findings collectively establish the UNCX/SIN3A-H4K8cr-FOXO3 axis as a pivotal epigenetic regulator of TNBC progression and chemoresistance, revealing new avenues for targeted therapeutic development against this aggressive breast cancer subtype.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Transabdominal lumbar approach (TALA) versus retroperitoneal approach for robot-assisted renal surgery: a prospective randomised controlled trial.

PURPOSE: Common robotic nephrectomy approaches access the kidney via transperitoneal (TP) or retroperitoneal (RP) routes, each with distinct trade-offs. We developed the transabdominal lumbar approach (TALA), combining advantages of both accesses with improved visualisation and strategic trocar placement, and compared it with conventional RP in a prospective randomised controlled trial using technique-oriented intraoperative endpoints. METHODS: In this single-centre, prospective, open-label RCT, 40 patients were randomised to TALA (n = 18) or conventional RP (n = 22). Eligible patients were ≥ 18 years with a renal tumour or non-functional kidney requiring robot-assisted total or partial nephrectomy. Exclusions included prior surgery on the affected kidney, renal vein tumour thrombus, and pregnancy. Both groups were followed for 30 days. The primary endpoint was time from first skin incision to renal artery identification. RESULTS: TALA achieved a median time saving of 16 min compared to conventional RP (38 vs. 54 min, p = 0.001). Perioperative safety was comparable between groups, with three patients (7.5%) experiencing Clavien-Dindo grade III-IV complications. CONCLUSIONS: TALA met its primary endpoint with a significantly shorter time to renal artery identification than conventional RP access, and improving perceived surgical exposure and instrument handling.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Healing from within: A randomized controlled trial of a novel expressive writing intervention among trans and gender expansive adults.

Transgender and gender expansive (TGE) populations in the United States experience high rates of mental health disparities. High rates of depressive and anxiety symptoms have been linked to a host of stigma-related stressors and exacerbated by decreased access to competent and affirming formalized health care supports, particularly in the face of legislation aiming to curb access. As a result, intervention strategies that can be made widely available, accessed at no cost, and address these stressors to improve mental health and well-being are needed. This study presents findings from a self-administered online mental health intervention, titled Reflections to (re)Claim an Affirmed Identity to Improve Mental Health (RECLAIM), which used an expressive writing approach to address internalized anti-TGE stigma to reduce depressive and anxiety symptoms and improve perceived community connectedness. In this randomized controlled trial, 115 TGE community adults were assigned to one of three study conditions: two RECLAIM interventions and one expressive writing active control group. Analysis of between-group effects found that all three groups experienced similar levels of improvement in mental health over time, while within-group effects of time by condition demonstrated some notable differences in the overall trajectory of treatment or control effects. Overall, results of this randomized controlled trial provide preliminary empirical support for the efficacy of RECLAIM in reducing depressive and anxiety symptoms and internalized anti-TGE stigma and improving community connectedness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Teaching Acute Coronary Syndrome High-Risk ECG Interpretation and Clinical Decision-Making Through FOAMed Videos and Podcast Versus Print-Based Materials Among Emergency Care Providers: Randomized Controlled Mixed Methods Trial.

BACKGROUND: Accurate interpretation of high-risk acute coronary syndrome (ACS) electrocardiograms (ECGs) is essential for early diagnosis and timely reperfusion, yet substantial deficits persist across health care professions. Digital self-learning formats such as FOAMed (Free Open Access Medical Education) are widely used, but their effectiveness has rarely been evaluated for complex, high-risk ACS ECG patterns. Existing ECG education studies often focus on students or single professional groups and established ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) criteria, leaving newer guideline-recognized STEMI equivalents, selected emerging occlusion myocardial infarction (OMI)-related patterns, and interprofessional emergency care underrepresented. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of FOAMed podcast and videos versus traditional print-based materials for teaching high-risk ACS ECG patterns and related clinical decision-making in emergency providers. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, interprofessional, controlled mixed methods trial across 5 training sites in Germany. Paramedics, prehospital emergency physicians, and emergency department clinicians received either a FOAMed multimedia module or print-based materials through concealed allocation; deviations from the intended 1:1 ratio resulted from participant no-shows. The intervention consisted of a 30-minute supervised self-learning session. In total, 103 participants were allocated to FOAMed (n=45) or print-based materials (n=58). Two coprimary outcomes were assessed: ECG interpretation accuracy and text-based ACS clinical decision-making. Secondary outcomes included subjective confidence, learning experience, and exploratory qualitative free-text responses. Outcome assessment was automated and blinded; mixed ANOVA was the primary analysis. The study was not prospectively registered because it assessed educational outcomes in health care professionals rather than patient health outcomes. RESULTS: All 103 participants completed the study. Both groups improved, with greater gains in the FOAMed group: ECG interpretation increased from 55% to 65.5% and text-based ACS clinical decision-making from 45% to 68%, versus 57% to 60% and from 47% to 63%, respectively, in the print-based group. Effect sizes were η²=0.055 for ECG interpretation and η²=0.044 for clinical decision-making. Exploratory subgroup analyses provided no evidence of differential effects across age, gender, or professional background and were likely underpowered. Qualitative responses (46 and 37 entries) provided contextual insights into perceived clarity, engagement, and practical relevance supporting the quantitative findings. CONCLUSIONS: This study is innovative in directly comparing a curated FOAMed multimedia module with selected print-based materials in an interprofessional emergency care population. It differs from existing research by focusing on subtle, emerging ischemic patterns and evaluating realistic, time-limited self-learning formats. The findings provide evidence that curated FOAMed resources can produce greater short-term improvements in ECG interpretation and text-based ACS clinical decision-making than traditional print-based materials in this setting. Although implications for clinical performance remain hypothetical, concise, high-quality digital modules may represent a practical supplement to structured continuing education in emergency care.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Adverse Experiences in Brief Meditation Practices: Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Meditation has become increasingly popular in recent decades. However, relatively little remains known about the prevalence of and risk factors for adverse experiences related to a single meditation practice. OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to examine adverse experiences associated with 3 brief, digitally delivered meditation practices (mindfulness, self-compassion, and gratitude) relative to using the internet as usual, as well as to investigate whether preintervention characteristics could predict such outcomes. METHODS: In a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial using samples that were representative of the US and UK adult populations with regard to ethnicity, sex, and age, we examined adverse experiences associated with 3 brief (ie, 5 or 10 minutes) meditation practices (ie, mindfulness, self-compassion, and gratitude) relative to using the internet as usual. We also investigated the potential of using preintervention characteristics to predict such outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 5049 participants completed all preintervention measures and were randomly assigned to meditation or control conditions. Across the sample, 4.1% (204/4925) of participants reported having a distressing experience during the intervention, and 7.1% (348/4908) of participants experienced an increase in negative affect from before to after the intervention. The results showed that participants who were randomized to a brief meditation intervention were no more likely to report a distressing experience than those who were randomized to use the internet as usual (odds ratio [OR] 1.05, 95% CI 0.76-1.47; P=.76). The results also showed that participants who were randomized to a brief meditation intervention were less likely to report clinically relevant increases in negative affect relative to using the internet as usual (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.50-0.80; P<.001). Notably, participants in the 10-minute condition had a significantly higher likelihood of reporting a distressing experience than those in the 5-minute condition (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.07-1.89; P=.02). Preintervention characteristics showed acceptable discrimination ability to predict a distressing experience (area under the curve=0.73) and slightly lower ability to predict increased negative affect (area under the curve=0.67). CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, we found that the brief, digitally delivered meditation practices tested in this study carry risks of adverse experiences that are comparable to or lower than those of typical activities on the internet; 10-minute condition was more likely to result in distressing experiences than 5-minute condition; and adverse responses to a brief meditation practice can, at least to a certain degree, be predicted using preintervention characteristics. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Open Science Framework 94HKS; https://osf.io/94hks/overview.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

EZH1/2 inhibition selectively targets SMARCA4/2 co-deficient lung cancer cells by suppressing stemness and proliferation.

SMARCA4-deficient thoracic malignancies comprise biologically heterogeneous tumors, ranging from conventional non-small cell lung cancer with SMARCA4 alterations to thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor (SMARCA4-UT), an aggressive entity frequently associated with concomitant SMARCA2 loss. However, the extent to which SMARCA4-deficient lung cancer cell lines recapitulate SMARCA4-UT-like biology remains incompletely defined. Here, we characterized lung cancer cell lines across distinct SMARCA4 and SMARCA2 states and identified a subgroup with SMARCA4/2 co-deficiency that exhibited reduced expression of epithelial lineage markers and transcriptional similarity to SMARCA4-UT and other SWI/SNF-deficient malignancies. The EZH1/2 inhibitor HM97662 selectively suppressed growth in SMARCA4/2-deficient cells, with limited effects in SMARCA2-proficient cells. EZH1/2 inhibition broadly reduced H3K27me3 and induced derepression of PRC2 targets regardless of drug sensitivity. However, its biological effects were most pronounced in SMARCA4/2-deficient cells, where it promoted apoptosis, reduced stemness marker expression, attenuated the SMARCA4-UT-associated transcriptional signature, and suppressed proliferative and mTORC1-related programs. Chromatin accessibility analysis further revealed cell-line-specific patterns of accessibility loss, with reduced accessibility at stemness-associated transcription factor motif-enriched regions coupled with transcriptional repression of nearby genes in SMARCA4/2-deficient cells. These findings support dual EZH1/2 inhibition as a potential therapeutic vulnerability in SMARCA4/2-deficient, SMARCA4-UT-like lung cancer cells.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Temporal evolution of minimally invasive pediatric urolithiasis treatment over 30 years.

Urolithiasis in children has increased substantially over the past 30 years, and surgical management maintains an important role in treatment. Technological advances such as lasers and miniaturization have broadened treatment options, and researchers investigate the best indications for each procedure. The aim was to identify publication trends in the field and explore reasons why Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy is being gradually less applied in the treatment of pediatric urolithiasis. A Reverse Systematic Review of the literature was conducted regarding the surgical treatment of urolithiasis in children. Five databases were screened, gathering all articles from inception that were evaluated in systematic reviews. We examined 123 publications, 197 reports, and 15,878 procedures, consisting of the largest studied population in the field. There was an increasing number of publications, although in progressively less prestigious journals. The number of studies on miniaturized percutaneous techniques and flexible ureteroscopy has increased closely with the rise in popularity of these procedures worldwide, mainly driven by studies from Asia, Europe, and North America. A trend of self-renewed interest is fueled by technological innovation and has led to fewer publications on Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy over the years. This review highlights the fact that, despite positive results in recent studies, the low popularity of ESWL within the scientific community is driving a decline in the technique's indications. Moreover, based on the findings of this study, key research priorities include continued reporting of high-quality outcomes, and technological progress in ESWL would contribute meaningfully to the field.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Subacute and long-term changes in cognitive functioning after administration of classic psychedelics, MDMA and ketamine: A systematic review of clinical and preclinical evidence.

Psychedelic agents induce a window of heightened neuroplasticity that extends beyond acute intoxication, during which neural circuits are more amenable to change. This period may facilitate changes in cognition relevant to the treatment of psychiatric disorders. This systematic review synthesised clinical and preclinical evidence of subacute and long-term (≥1 day) effects of classic and non-classic psychedelics on cognition. MEDLINE, EMBASE, APA PsycInfo and Web of Science were searched to identify human and animal studies investigating psychedelics and cognition (executive function, attention, decision-making). Sixty-seven (47 clinical, 20 preclinical) articles met inclusion criteria. Psilocybin demonstrated the most consistent evidence of subacute and longer-term cognitive improvement, particularly in cognitive flexibility and attention. Ketamine showed enhancement across cognitive domains, although findings were heterogeneous. LSD and DMT showed no consistent subacute changes, while MDMA was associated with transient cognitive impairments that resolved within days. Risk of bias assessments revealed selective outcome reporting, poor reporting of missing data and inadequate methodological detail, limiting the confidence of findings. Current evidence provides preliminary support for subacute changes in cognition following administration of select psychedelic agents. Cognitive improvements were more frequently seen in psychiatric populations than healthy subjects, which may reflect a remediation of existing cognitive deficit rather than enhancement above normal functioning. Adequately powered, controlled studies with standardised reporting of cognitive outcomes are required to determine the magnitude, durability and clinical relevance of psychedelic-associated cognitive change.

Hallucinogens↗

PubMed2026

Workforce Representation in Ophthalmology Oral Board Examiners and Examinees.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the characteristics of the American Board of Ophthalmology (ABO) oral board examiners and examinees as well as trends in examiner and examinee gender over time. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SUBJECTS: ABO oral board examiners and examinees. METHODS: We utilized data from the American Board of Ophthalmology (ABO) and Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) to assess board examiner and examinee demographic characteristics from 2011 to 2024. Examiner characteristics included gender, years of experience, initial certification year and average examiner score. Examinee characteristics included gender, years since residency graduation and exam outcome (pass/fail). We utilized logistic regression to examine temporal trends in examiner and examinee gender from 2013 to 2024. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Gender distribution of examiners and examinees. RESULTS: Overall, the proportion of women examiners increased over the study period. Notably, the most pronounced increase occurred following the transition from in-person to virtual oral board exam administration in 2020, rising from 31.3% (95% CI: 24.1%-38.4%) in 2019 to 49.1% (95% CI: 43.8%-54.4%) in 2024 (p < .001). The percentage of women examinees remained stable (41.7% [95% CI: 37.6%-45.8%] in 2019; 37.5% [95% CI: 33.0%-42.0%] in 2024, p-value: .019). CONCLUSIONS: The representation of women among the ABO oral board examiners has increased significantly following the transition to virtual exams while the proportion of examinees remained stable. Strategies to increase flexibility in scheduling exams may be beneficial in continuing to improve examiner representation.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Preregistration nursing student attrition and strategies to improve student retention in university; an umbrella review.

BACKGROUND: Attrition among preregistration nursing students remains a persistent international challenge, contributing to nursing workforce shortages. Although extensive research has examined factors influencing student attrition and retention, the evidence is fragmented across review-level literature, limiting clarity regarding priority and evidence-informed retention strategies. AIM: To synthesize review-level evidence on factors associated with preregistration nursing student attrition and to identify strategies that support student retention in university-based nursing programs. METHODS: An umbrella review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Six electronic databases were systematically searched for peer-reviewed literature reviews published in English between January 2016 and October 2025. Eligible reviews focused on undergraduate preregistration nursing students in face-to-face university programs. Methodological quality was appraised using the JBI critical appraisal checklist. Findings were synthesised using narrative and thematic approaches. RESULTS: Seventeen literature reviews were included. Attrition was consistently described as multifactorial, influenced by academic preparedness, psychosocial wellbeing, socio-demographic factors, and institutional support. Retention strategies reported across reviews were predominantly relational, developmental, and sustained over time, including mentoring, tutoring, academic skills development, psychosocial support, and interventions that foster belonging. Faculty engagement and holistic approaches were repeatedly associated with improved student persistence. However, the evidence base was largely descriptive, with limited experimental evaluation of intervention effectiveness. CONCLUSION: Preregistration nursing student retention is best supported through multifaceted, sustained strategies that begin at admission and extend throughout the curriculum. While current evidence highlights consistent patterns of effective support, further rigorous research is required to evaluate retention interventions and extend evidence to flexible nursing education pathways.

Humans↗