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At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

The characteristics of asthma education programs within New South Wales.

The aim of the study was to examine the characteristics of asthma education programs within NSW. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey concerning the aims and characteristics of 42 asthma education programs was administered to members of the Asthma Educators Association (AEA) of NSW. While most programs sought to improve asthma knowledge (78%), only a small number sought to improve asthma management skills (38%), asthma control (33%) and attitudes (10%). Most programs performed one-to-one (69%) education. Medical intervention was under-utilized by most programs and only 4% gave feedback to the referring doctor. Program evaluation was incompletely linked to program aims. There was incomplete evaluation of knowledge gain as an outcome. The study reviewed the characteristics of education programs within NSW Existing programs appropriately employ a variety of educational methods and target a broad range of people with asthma. There remains a need to use a combined approach utilizing education and medical management, and to employ methods to evaluate programs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Evaluation of clinical skills for nutrition counseling.

This report describes the procedures for and feasibility of an evaluation program that provides a direct assessment of the use of specific clinical skills during an interview with a simulated patient. The specific aims of this evaluation were to assess untrained graduate students in nutrition on their application of a set of 31 specific clinical skills for resolving dietary adherence problems. Each student conducted two interviews with each of two different simulated patients with hyperlipidemia presenting typical problems following a diet low in saturated fat and cholestrol. The evaluation program provided analyses that identified the strengths and deficits of each student and the performance of the entire group. It is suggested that the evaluation program offers a practical, objective method for examining the entry-level clinical skills of students in training and may be useful in other educational programs (eg, in-service, continuing education workshops).

Cholesterol, Dietary↗
PubMed2006

The evaluation of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in family medicine residency programs.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have highlighted great variability in how primary care physicians arrive at the diagnosis of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and their frequent use of unreliable methods. This study examines how physicians in family medicine residency programs evaluate for ADHD in light of the 2000 American Academy of Pediatrics ADHD Practice guidelines. METHODS: A 55-item survey was sent to 17 military and 17 civilian family medicine residency programs. Two hundred and thirty-five physicians participated. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis was performed. RESULTS: Only 22% of physicians are familiar with the AAP guidelines and only 12.9% of respondents screen for ADHD. 70% of physicians use a child's behavior in the office and 53% use a child's response to stimulants to arrive at a diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Four years after publication of the practice guidelines, few physicians incorporate them into their practice. A majority of physicians still use unreliable methods in diagnosing ADHD.

Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorder↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluating injury prevention programs: the Oklahoma City Smoke Alarm Project.

Evaluation of injury prevention programs is critical for measuring program effects on reducing injury-related morbidity and mortality or on increasing the adoption of safety practices. During the planning and implementation of injury prevention programs, evaluation data also can be used to test program strategies and to measure the program's penetration among the target population. The availability of this early data enables program managers to refine a program, increasing the likelihood of successful outcomes. The Oklahoma City Smoke Alarm Project illustrates how an evaluation was designed to inform program decisions by providing methodologically sound data on program processes and outcomes. This community intervention trial was instituted to reduce residential fire-related injuries and deaths in a geographic area of Oklahoma City that was disproportionately affected by this problem. The distribution of free smoke alarms in targeted neighborhoods was accompanied by written educational pamphlets and home-based follow-up to test whether the alarms were functioning correctly. Early evaluation during the planning and implementation phases of the program allowed for midcourse corrections that increased the program's impact on desired outcomes. During the six years following the project, the residential fire-related injury rate decreased 81% in the target population but only 7% in the rest of Oklahoma City. This dramatic decline in fire-related injuries in the target area is largely attributed to the free smoke alarm distribution as well as to educational efforts promoting awareness about residential fires and their prevention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Educational program on evaluation of alleged sexual abuse victims.

Increased awareness of the problem of child sexual abuse has resulted in increasing numbers of children presenting to professionals for the evaluation of possible sexual victimization. A multidisciplinary project to develop professionals' knowledge and skills in the identification and evaluation of possible victims is described. The program focused on the child as a victim and emphasized developmental perspectives with regard to identification, interviewing children, the medical examination, and children in the legal system. Fifty-one medical and social work professionals from ten Indiana counties attended the program and responded to questionnaires about their experience and knowledge. Of 40 (78%) respondents, 63% had had no previous training in the medical evaluation for child sexual abuse. Child protective workers referred alleged victims primarily to the child's regular physician (37%) or emergency room (31%) for medical examination. Knowledge about child sexual abuse improved significantly at two weeks postsymposium (p = .001) and remained improved at six months postsymposium (p less than .02). These original participants have subsequently organized similar multidisciplinary programs in their local communities for medical, social, law enforcement, and legal professionals; thus, they have been "seeds" for further educational and cooperative efforts throughout the state.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Worker-trainers as evaluators: a case study of a union-based health and safety education program.

The United Automobile Workers uses worker-trainers to deliver health and safety education training to its members. The union has experimented with worker-trainers participating in program evaluation. Worker-trainers participated in the design and conduct of a telephone survey of training impact, and of an on-site survey of trainee perceptions of a large-scale program. Worker evaluators were able to analyze data and give a highly successful presentation of results to trainees at the large-scale program. The incorporation of workers as evaluators is a key step toward the goal of worker empowerment. The involvement of program participants in their program's evaluation can enhance the quality and usefulness of work-site health and safety programs in general.

Inservice Training↗
PubMed1979

Effects of a program for evaluating child psychiatry fellows.

The authors describe their experience with the implementation of a systematic evaluation of child psychiatry fellows and adult psychiatry residents rotating through a child psychiatry program. They found that the semiannual evaluations not only defined the competence of fellows and residents but also enhanced the program by pointing out areas of weakness. The evaluation process had many other beneficial effects on the program, the faculty, the child psychiatry fellows, and the adult psychiatry residents.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

A preliminary evaluation of the Colorado RETHINK Parenting and Anger Management program.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to report preliminary behavioral, social, and emotional results, and to project some potential economic results of a parenting and anger management program in a mountain state. METHOD: Following local and state-wide needs assessments, child abuse prevention was identified as the number two critical issue. An effective, research-based, preventive educational workshop program--RETHINK Parenting and Anger Management--was selected for testing and program evaluation. Measurable outcome objectives were written and assessments were developed and tested. A one-group pretest-posttest design with a convenience sample of parents was used for the study. Seventy-five of 99 parents completed pretests before and posttests after participating in the 6-week series of skill-enhancing workshops. RESULTS: Using a repeated measures analysis of variance, participants' group mean anger control levels increased (p = .016). Their family conflict levels fell (p = .006). Their overall anger levels fell (p = .000). Their violence levels fell, verbal aggression levels fell (p = .002). Their partners' violence levels also fell, verbal aggression levels fell (p = .004), and physical aggression levels fell (p = .032). In addition, participants reported increased knowledge levels (100%), improved attitudes (97.3%), improved behaviors (94.7%), and decreased unrealistic expectations of their children (69.3%). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that professional preventive education specialists may now have an effective program to assist parents in managing their anger. Further research is encouraged. When parents participate in 6 weeks of skill building with well-trained professionals, positive changes in parenting and anger management are possible.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiology as an essential tool for establishing prevention programs and evaluating their impact and outcome.

Emerging trends in health care place speech-language pathologists and audiologists on the threshold of role expansion. To include prevention efforts within this new role, clinicians need to ask about the determinants of communication disorders that are preventable within the general population or within sub-populations. In this article, epidemiology is presented as a tool for the primary prevention of a broad range of factors associated with increased rates of communication disorders. "Old" epidemiologic theory, based on populations, blends with the "new" epidemiologic approach emphasizing the contribution of individual behaviors to adverse health outcomes, to provide the working clinician with a framework from which to determine the direction prevention efforts must take. The PRECEDE-PROCEED model of program planning and evaluation (Green and Kreuter, 1991) is utilized in public health and holds potential for use by clinicians in preventing communication disorders. Application of communication disorders to the PRECEDE-PROCEED model is offered as an example of prevention planning.

Communication Disorders↗
PubMed1976

A comparative evaluation of two day hospitals. Goal attainment scaling of behavior therapy vs. milieu therapy.

Previous attempts at program evaluation of partial hospitalization programs have consisted largely of descriptive and anecdotal reports of programs and patient characteristics. There have been no comparative or experimental studies of the effectiveness of differing day treatment programs. In the current study, Goal Attainment Scaling, a goal-oriented program evaluation system, was used with 56 randomly selected partial hospitalization patients who attended two day hospitals: one program was based on behavioral-educational methods, and the other was an eclectic program based on the concepts of a therapeutic community. Patients attending the behavioral-educational program showed greater attainment of their therapeutic goals than did the patients involved in the eclectic program. The greater effectiveness of the behavioral-educational day program increased from the 3-month follow-up to the 2-year follow-up.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of programs for the treatment of benzodiazepine dependency.

Programs for the treatment of benzodiazepine dependency differ in a number of ways. Their outcome goals, for example, vary. In some of the programs the reduction or the elimination of benzodiazepine use is the main objective. In others a reduction in anxiety and depression among patients is regarded as much more important than decreasing benzodiazepine use. These differences in goals make comparative evaluations difficult. Further, the type of clients recruited to the programs are often dissimilar. However, it is still possible and valuable to make comparative evaluations of the numerous programs. The aims of published evaluations differ. Most evaluations are directed towards outcome data. Only in a few studies has the aim been to analyze the dynamic treatment process. To achieve more reliable and valid evaluations it is necessary to get data which describe the process and the results from both the clients' and the therapists' perspectives and combining different research strategies.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMed1979

How to evaluate a PR program.

A missing element in public relations programs is evaluation. This article describes how to evaluate the effectiveness of a program by developing measurable goals and objectives.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed2003

Brief psychoeducational parenting program: an evaluation and 1-year follow-up.

OBJECTIVE: Despite recognition of the need for parenting interventions to prevent childhood behavioral problems, few community programs have been evaluated. This report describes the randomized controlled evaluation of a four-session psychoeducational group for parents of preschoolers with behavior problems, delivered in community agencies. METHOD: In 1998, 222 primary caregivers, recruited through community ads, filled out questionnaires on parenting practices and child behavior. Parents were randomly assigned to immediate intervention or a wait-list control. The intervention comprised three weekly group sessions and a 1-month booster, the focus being to support effective discipline (using the video 1-2-3 Magic) and to reduce parent-child conflict. RESULTS: Using an intent-to-treat analysis, repeated-measures analyses of variance indicated that the parents who received the intervention reported significantly greater improvement in parenting practices and a significantly greater reduction in child problem behavior than the control group. The gains in positive parenting behaviors were maintained at 1-year follow-up in a subset of the experimental group. CONCLUSIONS: This brief intervention program may be a useful first intervention for parents of young children with behavior problems, as it seems both acceptable and reasonably effective.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

A multi-level assessment of a program to teach medical students to teach.

Few longitudinal programs exist to teach senior students (MS4s) to be teachers, nor have there been any reports of comprehensive program evaluation in this area. The primary objectives of this study were to describe our ongoing faculty development effort and to develop a multi-level program evaluation, using Dixon's model. The TALKS (Teaching and Learning Communication Skills) program is a senior elective and open to all MS4s. We evaluated our program through assessment of its participants at three levels: level 1, opinion; level 2, competence; and level 3, performance; but not level 4, patient outcomes. The authors used a retrospective, pre-post questionnaire to assess MS4 attitudes about their educational experiences, a traditional instrument to assess their teaching, an interaction analysis technique using Bloom's taxonomy to assess MS4s' feedback skills, and a SP exam to assess MS4 communication skills. The authors hypothesized that MS4s participating in TALKS would view medical education more positively and informatively, would demonstrate important principles in giving feedback, would be assessed as excellent teachers, and would perform better than controls in an SP exam emphasizing communication skills. Results revealed that MS4s' ratings as teachers were very good to excellent, with the highest scores on the items "knowledgeable, supportive of me, and answering questions clearly." (Level 1, Opinion) MS4s' perceptions of their knowledge, attitudes and skills increased significantly from the pre to the post-questionnaire. (Level 2, Competence) MS4 feedback skills to MS2s revealed they did more talking than ideal, often at the lowest levels of Bloom's taxonomy. (Level 3, Performance) MS4s demonstrated better communication skills than controls on an evaluation by professional SPs. (Level 3, Performance).

Curriculum↗
PubMed2002

Comment on the utility of the ADDGS evaluation for policy and practice.

This article comments on the policy and practice implications of findings from research on the Administration on Aging's Alzheimer's Disease Demonstration Grants to States program. Evaluation of fifteen state grantees has produced extensive knowledge about diverse patterns of service use, factors related to service use a nd satisfaction, mechanisms for developing home- and community-based services appropriate for various cultural groups, and ways to adapt established programs and integrate new services into existing systems and networks. Utilizing the general lessons from the Alzheimer's Demonstration program evaluation in program and policy development in aging is discussed.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1987

The Johns Hopkins Adolescent Pregnancy Program: an evaluation.

The obstetric component of The Johns Hopkins Adolescent Pregnancy Program is described and the pregnancy outcome for adolescents delivering between 1976 and 1981 is compared with that of similar young women who were delivered in the same facilities, by the same staff, but who received their prenatal care in other Hopkins-related programs. The adolescent program is comprehensive, providing intensive psychosocial support and patient education in addition to medical care, using a team approach coordinated by an individual case management system. Enrollees had fewer pregnancy complications and lower perinatal mortality. Between 1979 and 1981, the frequency of birth weight below 2500 g was 9.9%, and below 1500 g, 1.9% for program adolescents, compared with 16.4 and 3.9%, respectively, for controls. Younger adolescents in the program entered prenatal care significantly later than older ones. However, those aged 14 years and below had infants with the highest average birth weight and no greater risk of perinatal death than those of older adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1973

Methodological and assessment considerations in evaluating reinforcement programs in applied settings.

The extensive use of reinforcement programs in applied settings has led to experimentation that often fails to consider potential problems in design. The logic of the within-subject design is reviewed and specific designs employed in reinforcement programs are discussed. For each design (ABAB, or multiple-baseline design across behaviors, individuals, or situations), effects are discussed that make that design less powerful with respect to demonstrating the effect of the experimental variable. Problems in interpreting results of experiments in this area of inquiry are evaluated from the standpoint of internal and external validity. The issue of control groups is presented with considerations as to situations that require their use. Finally, the assessment strategy for evaluating operant programs is discussed and recommendations are made for measurement of behaviors in addition to the target response.

Journal Article↗