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At least 937 records · Page 52Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Implementation of double-pulsed holography in evaluation of whole-body vibration.

This study used a unique holographic technique to evaluate the effects of vibration on soft tissues and bones. It was possible to record forced whole-body vibration in humans by holograph interferometry using a double-pulsed ruby laser. The study investigated the manner in which the muscles of the back and vertebral column are affected by vibrations applied to the human buttocks in the sitting position. The subject was exposed to vibration at two frequencies: 40 and 60 Hz (vertical Z axis). Transmission of the vibrations along the subject's back was recorded by means of double-pulsed holography and electromyography. Evaluation of the vibration pattern showed that the vibrations are transmitted along the back all the way up to the neck and head. The pattern of vibration in the muscles of the back and vertebral column showed that the greatest effect was exerted on the lumbar region of the back and the area of transition between the thoracic and cervical regions.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Fatigue, recovery, and low back pain in varsity rowers.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether surface electromyography (EMG) from the erector spinae muscles could correctly identify individuals with low back pain without a population of elite athletes. A similar technique had previously been successful in identifying low back pain patients within a non-athletic population. A Back Analysis System was used to compute the median frequency of the EMG power density spectrum to monitor metabolic changes in back muscles associated with muscle fatigue. Twenty-three members of a men's collegiate varsity crew team consisting of port (N = 13) and starboard (N = 10) rowers were tested in a laboratory during a fatigue-inducing isometric contraction sustained at a relatively high, constant force. Six of the rowers tested were further classified as having low back pain. A brief test contraction was repeated at a fixed interval following the fatiguing contraction to monitor recovery. A two-group discriminant analysis procedure correctly classified 100% of the rowers with low back pain and 93% of the rowers without back pain on the basis of the median frequency data. The median frequency parameters related to recovery were the best discriminators of back pain. A similar analysis correctly classified 100% of the port rowers and 100% of the starboard rowers on the basis of their spectral parameters. The best discriminating variables in this instance were the median frequency parameters relating to both fatigability and recovery. Results from this study demonstrate that low back pain and asymmetrical muscle function in rowers can be assessed on the basis of EMG spectral analysis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Age differences in growth and physical abilities in trained and untrained girls 10-17 years of age.

The purpose of the present study was to assess the age differences in growth characteristics and physical abilities of physically active adolescent girls and to compare them to corresponding data for girls nonactive in sport. The cross-sectional study was carried out on 643 Estonian girls, 10-17 years of age, who were regularly training track and field, and 902 nonactive girls. The organized physical activity of the studied girls consisted of lessons in the school curriculum (2 x 45 minutes per week) for both groups and special track and field training for the first group. Height, weight, and the body mass index (BMI) were used to characterize growth status. Physical ability was assessed with the 30-m dash, standing long jump, medicine ball throw (2 kg), standing quintuplet jump, isometric strength of back extensor muscles, and 1-minute ergocycling at the highest possible rate. Girls active in track and field were taller in all the age groups (P < 0.05-0.001) and lighter except at 17 years, when they were heavier (P > 0.05), but the differences at 12 and 13 years were not significant. BMI was also significantly lower in active girls (P < 0.05-0.001) in all age groups, except at 17 (P > 0.05). The actively training girls had higher physical abilities at all ages from 10-17. The annual differences in performance scores were significant (P < 0.05-0.001) up to 15 years except for the standing long jump. Differences in mean scores of most motor abilities were minimal or reduced significantly at 13-14 years in nonactive girls, but were significant in active girls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Innervation of muscle receptors in the cross-reinnervated soleus muscle of the cat.

It has recently been reported (Gregory et al., J. Physiol., 331:367-383, 1982) that cutting a muscle nerve and letting it grow back into the muscle or cross-uniting the muscle with a foreign nerve results in major disruption of the normal response patterns of muscle spindles and tendon organs. Here we report observations on the structure of muscle receptors in cross-reinnervated and self-reinnervated soleus muscles in an attempt to detect abnormalities that might account for their disturbed function. Eight soleus muscles were reinnervated with the extensor digitorum longus nerve for periods up to 449 days and two were self-reinnervated. Following the physiological investigation, the muscle was fixed and stained according to the method of Barker and Ip (J. Physiol., 69:73P-74P, 1963). Spindles and tendon organs were teased from the muscle and photographed. In one cross-reinnervated muscle an attempt was made to isolate all receptors. About two-thirds of the normal number of spindles and tendon organs were found. Three categories of receptor were identified: normal, abnormal, and those having no visible nerve endings. There appeared to be little difference in degree of abnormality of receptors in self- and cross-reinnervated muscles. Of the 180 spindles, 3% were normal, 43% had no visible endings, and 54% had abnormal endings. Of 80 tendon organs, 38% were normally innervated, 33% were without visible innervation, and 29% had abnormal endings. We conclude that following long-term cross-reinnervation and self-reinnervation of soleus there is extensive disruption of the normal innervation pattern of both spindles and tendon organs which could account for their functional abnormalities.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

A beta-carboline antagonizes benzodiazepine actions but does not precipitate the abstinence syndrome in cats.

The beta-carbolines, which are potent ligands for benzodiazepine receptors, antagonize the pharmacological actions of benzodiazepines. In the cat, the stable beta-carboline derivative methylamide-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate, FG 7142, and the specific benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15-1788 reversed behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEG) changes produced by a single dose of diazepam. Surprisingly, the beta-carboline did not elicit signs of withdrawal when given after 22 days of a daily dose regimen of diazepam, while Ro 15-1788 precipitated an acute abstinence syndrome largely characterized by tremors, increased muscle tone, back arching, myoclonic jerks and pupil dilatation. Unlike Ro 15-1788, the beta-carboline produced effects of its own such as behavioral states of arousal and fearfulness. These findings indicate that the beta-carboline functionally interacts with benzodiazepine receptors in a manner unlike that seen with typical agonists and antagonists.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Pain symptoms in an adolescent Italian population.

We have assessed the incidence of four types of self-reported pain symptoms (headache, pain in heart or chest, pain in lower back and muscle soreness) in a randomised sample of 1413 persons from a population of 93481 students aged 14-16 years in the Veneto region of Italy. In males, 26% reported moderate and 1.2% severe pain distress. In female, 35% and 3.7% reported moderate and severe pain respectively. Pain symptoms were positively correlated with anxiety and depressive symptoms and were more frequent in females.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Camptocormia in Parkinson's disease.

Camptocormia is defined as an abnormal, severe and involuntary forward flexion of the thoracolumbar spine, which becomes manifest during standing and walking and subsides in the recumbent position. It was originally described as a psychogenic disorder, particularly in soldiers involved in long-term trench service during World War 1. It is becoming increasingly recognized as a prominent and disabling phenomenon during the course of Parkinson's disease (PD). In our experience, there is no clear correlation between camptocormia and levodopa treatment. In a few patients, the abnormal posture improved and in others it was unaltered or even became worse following levodopa administration. In a minority of fluctuating patients, there was a temporary deterioration during the "off" periods, but in most, the severity of camptocormia was unchanged during the "on" and "off" phases. In some patients it is associated with back pains, whereas in others it is painless. It occurs in sporadic PD as well as in postencephalitic and parkin-gene mutation PD and in other parkinsonian syndromes such as MSA. The pathogenesis of this striking clinical sign is unknown. It is definitely not due to a primary vertebral disease causing kyphosis such as ankylosing spondylitis, as the bent spine disappears when the patient lies on his back. The muscles involved may be the abdominal, paravertebral or both. It may by due to a peculiar dystonia or to an extreme form of rigidity. Local myopathic changes were suggested as a possible cause, but these may rather be a secondary phenomenon. Treatment is currently unsatisfactory in most cases. Occasional patients may benefit from intramuscular botulinum toxin injections or from deep brain stimulation.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical trial of intensive muscle training for chronic low back pain.

105 patients who had chronic low back pain without clinical signs of lumbar nerve root compression or radiological evidence of spondylolysis or osteomalacia were randomised to three treatments: 30 sessions of intensive dynamic back extensor exercises over three months; a similar programme at one-fifth the exercise intensity; or one month of thermotherapy, massage, and mild exercises. The results consistently favoured intensive exercise, which had no adverse effects. Since these exercises can be conducted in groups, the intensive programme is no more costly than conventional strategies that require individual attention.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2001

Invertebrate myogenesis: looking back to the future of muscle development.

Recent studies in invertebrates have provided important mechanistic insights into several general aspects of muscle development. Two new genes have been identified that are involved in muscle fusion in Drosophila and a novel maternal component was shown to be responsible for myogenic determination in an ascidian. In addition, genetic analyses of nematode and Drosophila homologues of factors known to be myogenic regulators in other species yielded surprising findings about both the evolutionary conservation and divergence of these functions. Drosophila myogenesis has become a highly informative model for understanding the interplay between the signaling and transcriptional networks that underlie cell-fate specification during embryonic development.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

The role of physical therapy in improving physical functioning of renal patients.

Although not traditionally a part of the dialysis team, physical therapists can play an important role in improving the quality of life for dialysis patients. Physical therapists are trained to evaluate the presence of a functional problem such as back pain, muscle weakness, limited range of motion, balance disorder, alteration in gait, joint pain, neuropathic pain, sensory disturbance, loss of functional mobility, or alteration in posture. Many of these conditions are prevalent in the dialysis population. This article describes how a patient is referred to physical therapy, and once referred, how the patient is evaluated and treated, including goal setting and progression. It is thought that early referral of dialysis patients to physical therapy may prevent some of the functional deterioration typically seen in this population. The incorporation of physical therapy as part of the routine treatment plan may help dialysis staff to address many of the regular nonspecific complaints of fatigue, malaise, pain, and discomfort commonly experienced by dialysis patients.

Exercise Tolerance↗
PubMed2002

Bilateral symmetric polyarthralgia revealing Fanconi's syndrome.

We report the case of a 45-year-old woman who presented with a six-year history of diffuse polyarthralgia responsible for major disability. She reported bilateral symmetric arthralgia in nearly every joint, as well as back pain. Muscle wasting predominating in the roots of the limbs was found. Laboratory tests showed hypocalcemia, severe hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, alkaline phosphatase elevation, aminoaciduria, and hyperphosphaturia, with no glycosuria. Radiographs disclosed osteolysis of the pubic symphysis, multiple pelvic fractures, vertebral compression fractures, and diffuse demineralization. A bone scan visualized symmetric foci of hyperactivity in nearly all joints and fracture sites. Dramatic improvements in clinical and radiographic abnormalities were noted after six months of treatment with phosphate and calcitriol. This is a case of incomplete Fanconi syndrome, with no glycosuria. The clinical presentation of Fanconi syndrome can be misleading. Fanconi syndrome should be borne in mind as a possible cause of polyarthralgia to avoid diagnostic delay, which in our patient led to a picture of pseudomyopathy with multiple fractures.

Arthralgia↗
PubMed1999

The relationship between dynamic, isokinetic and isometric strength and bone mineral density in a population of 45 to 65 year old women.

This study investigated the relationship between age, lumbar spine bone mineral density (LS BMD) and muscular strength of peri and postmenopausal women between 45 and 65 years either taking or not taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Ninety six women were tested for LS BMD (L2-L4), one repetition maximum (1RM) bench press and squat, maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) of the knee extensors and peak torque of back extensor muscles at a speed of 30 degrees s(-1). Bone and strength data were analysed to evaluate the relationships in incrementing five year age groups and based on groups either taking or not taking HRT. ANOVA revealed significant differences in LS BMD between the 45-49 and 55-59 (F[3,92]=2.6411, p<0.05; -8%) age groups amounting to an annual bone loss of 0.8% for this Australian based population. Non significant LS BMD results were evident after controlling for the influence of age and menopausal status on the groups either taking or not taking HRT. Significant differences between the 45-49 and 60-64 (F[3,92]=2.7463, p<0.05) age groups for 1RM bench press and the 45-49 and 60-64, 50-54 and 60-64, and, 55-59 and 60-64 (F[3,92]=4.2816, p<0.05) age groups for 1RM squat amounting to an 18.8% and 37.5% loss of dynamic upper and lower body strength, respectively. Group correlation coefficients ranged between (r=-0.20 and -0.34, p<0.05) for LS BMD, strength and age. The conclusions demonstrate a concomitant decline in maximal muscle strength and bone density between women 45 and 65 years irrespective of HRT. These results also demonstrate a 50% greater decline in lower body strength compared to upper body strength between women 45 and 65 years.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sensomotor function while wearing lumbar support ortheses].

AIM: Flexible lumbar corsets should contribute to an improved active and passive stabilisation of the lumbar spine. In the present study, the effects of flexible corsets on sensory-motor abilities have been investigated. METHODS: 24 healthy subjects (m = 10, f = 14, 26.7 years) performed angle- and force-reproduction tasks with and without wearing a flexible corset. The subjects tried to reproduce trunk flexion angles of 20 degrees und 40 degrees as well as forces of 33% and 66% of the maximum strength of the back extensor muscles. Additionally, muscular reactions were measured during destabilizing stimuli. RESULTS: No significant differences were found for the reproduction tasks. When wearing the corset, the left erector spinae muscles showed a delayed onset (+15 ms, p < 0.05), and the obliquus abdominis reached maximal activity more rapidly (-18 ms, p < 0.05). In the preinnervation phase the obliquus abdominis (-33%, p < 0.01), in the eccentric phase the erector spinae (-27%, p < 0.05) and the right obliquus abdominis (-46%, p < 0.05) and in the concentric phase the right obliquus abdominis (-35%, p < 0.01) and the rectus abdominis (-32%, p < 0.05) showed lower activities. CONCLUSION: The reduced muscle activities with destabilizing stimuli can be interpreted as the result of an improved passive stabilisation of the lumbar region by wearing a flexible corset.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Risk of adverse events in elotuzumab-treated patients with multiple myeloma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Elotuzumab, an anti-SLAMF7 monoclonal antibody for multiple myeloma (MM), lacks&#xa0;a comprehensive safety profile from meta-analysis. METHODS: We&#xa0;systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and CENTRAL through February 13, 2025 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating elotuzumab in MM. Pooled relative risks(RRs) of adverse events observed in elotuzumab-containing regimens versus control therapies. RESULTS: 6 RCTs (N=1,736) were included. Elotuzumabsignificantly reduced incidence of neutropenia (RR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.76-0.98), but increased risks of cough (RR = 1.41, 95% CI: 0.96-2.09), pneumonia (RR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.07-1.59), diarrhea (RR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.05-1.30), pyrexia (RR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.10-1.96) and infections (RR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.03-1.15). No significant differences were observed for anemia, thrombocytopenia, respiratory infections, nausea, appetite loss, back pain, muscle spasms, peripheral edema, insomnia, rash, pruritus, fatigue, or hypokalemia. For grade 3-4 events, elotuzumab was&#xa0;associated with higher risks of lymphopenia (RR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.31-2.64, p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.0005, I2 = 9%), diarrhea (RR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.00-2.17), pneumonia (RR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.11-2.23), cataracts (RR = 2.87, 95% CI: 1.15-7.21) and infections (RR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.04-1.62). CONCLUSION: Elotuzumab in MM&#xa0;appears&#xa0;safe but with a specific&#xa0;adverse events pattern :&#xa0;lower neutropenia,&#xa0;but higher respiratory, gastrointestinal, metabolic, and infectious events. Differences may be influenced by longer treatment and corticosteroid use; therefore, interpretation of outcomes such as hyperglycemia and cataracts requires particular caution.

Humans↗