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At least 901 records · Page 50Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Mobilization of chrysene from soil in a model digestive system.

Accurate estimates for the oral bioavailability of hydrophobic contaminants bound to solid matrices are challenging to obtain because of sorption to organic matter. The purpose of this research was to measure the bioavailability of [14C]chrysene sorbed to soil using an in vitro model of gastrointestinal digestion and absorption to a surrogate intestinal membrane, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) thin film. The [14C]chrysene moved rapidly from soil into the aqueous compartment and reached steady state within 2 h. Equilibrium was reached in the EVA film within 32 h. Aging the spiked soil for 6 or 12 months had no effect on chrysene mobilization. This was supported by the finding that the data best fit a one-compartment model. Despite significant decreases in [14C]chrysene mobilization when water or nonneutralized gastrointestinal fluids were used in place of the complete medium, the equilibrium concentration of [14C]chrysene in EVA film remained the same in all conditions. Thus, the driving force for uptake was the fugacity gradient between the aqueous phase and the EVA film. Cultured human enterocytes (human colorectal carcinoma cell line [Caco-2 cells]) had a higher lipid-normalized fugacity capacity than EVA film, but the elimination rate constants were the same, suggesting that the rate was controlled by the resistance of the unstirred aqueous layer at the membrane-water interface.

Caco-2 Cells↗
PubMed1980

[Physiopathology of continuous enteral feeding. Application to several major digestive system disease syndromes].

The first chapter looks at the advantages of continuous oral feeding (COF) over conventional oral feeding, from a physiological and physiopathological point of view. From this discussion the indications and contraindications for this type of feeding are drawn. Then a few major diseases of the digestive tract are examined: diseases of the bile salts, intra-luminal bacterial proliferation, acute bacterial diarrhoea, isufficiency of exocrine pancreatic secretion. In each case the use off continuous oral feeding is suggested.

Bacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Role of risk factors in the development of chronic digestive system diseases in children].

The spread, patterns, and risk factors of alimentary diseases were examined in children residing in areas of petroleum-refining, petrochemical, and chemical industries. A total of 4816 children aged 3 to 14 years who lived in Ufa areas differing in the level and nature of ambient air pollution were examined. Those living in the poorer ecological areas (high total pollution and levels of chlorinated hydrocarbons, formaldehyde, and phenol) had more commonly gastroenterological diseases with prevailing hepatobiliary disorders in the pattern of diseases. The specific features of the diseases in these children are earlier onset, more frequent recurrences, more prolonged exacerbations involving other organs and systems than in those living in more favourable areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Is argon plasma coagulation an efficient treatment for digestive system vascular malformation and radiation proctitis?].

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Argon beam coagulation is an innovative no-touch electrocoagulation technique in which high-frequency monopolar alternating current is delivered to the tissue through ionized argon gas. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of argon plasma coagulation (APC) for the treatment of hemorrhagic digestive vascular malformations and hemorrhagic radiation proctosigmoiditis. METHODS AND PATIENTS: From March 1998 through April 1999, we used endoscopic APC (ERBE, Lyon, France, argon gas source ICC 300, high-frequency electrosurgical generator ICC 200, gas flow 1 L/min, power setting 50 W) to treat 39 consecutive patients (mean age 70.3 +/- 10 years). The indications for treatment were anemia (n =10), active or oozing haemorrhage (n =15) from digestive angiodysplastic lesions (n =25), hemorrhagic antral telangiectatic vascular lesions (n =2), and hemorrhagic radiation proctosigmoiditis (n =12) after failure of medical treatments (5-aminosalicylic acid, corticosteroids, or sucralfate enemas). The efficacy of APC treatment was evaluated on symptoms, transfusion requirement, bleeding recurrence, hemoglobin value before and 6 months after APC therapy. RESULTS: On the average, 1 +/- 0.5 sessions per patient was required to treat digestive vascular malformations. Definitive haemostasis of digestive angiodysplastic lesions with active or oozing haemorrhage was achieved in one session in all patients. No bleeding recurrence was observed during the follow-up period of 6 months. Anemia recurrence was observed in 2 patients (7%). Average hemoglobin levels recorded before and 6 months after APC therapy were 78.8 +/- 21.2 g/L and 108 +/- 13.7 g/L, respectively (P<0.05). On the average, 2.8 +/- 0.8 sessions per patient were required to treat hemorrhagic radiation proctosigmoiditis. Ten patients (83%) reported improvement or cessation of rectal bleeding, most of them immediately after APC therapy. Endoscopic control was performed one month after APC therapy and showed complete disappearance of lesions in 8 patients (66%). Average hemoglobin levels recorded before and 6 months after APC therapy were of 102.7 +/- 21 g/L and 120 +/- 19.5 g/L, respectively (P <0.05). Complications were observed in 5 cases (13%): pneumoperitoneum in 2 cases, chronic rectal ulcerations in 2 cases, and nonsymptomatic rectal stenosis in 1 case. CONCLUSION: APC appears to be a simple, safe, and effective technique in the management of hemorrhagic radiation-induced proctosigmoiditis and hemorrhagic lesions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mechanical digestive system suturing devices].

Between 1994 (December)-1996 (May) 150 patients have been operated on using one or many stapling devices. The staplers disposable to us were the "Linear Cutter" or GIA (Gastrointestinal Anastomosis), "Linear Stapler" (TA) and "Intraluminal Circular Stapler" or EEA (end-to-end anastomosis) types, produced by ETHICON (Johnson and Johnson Ltd. Company). The principles operations performed were various digestive resections, intervisceralis anastomosis and interventions of reconstructions (in oesophagus surgery, ileal pouch etc.). The advantages of staplers applications are: a) the reduction of the time of operation, of the anesthesia, of the blood loss; b) a soft manipulation of the tissues; c) a smaller inflammatory reaction and the prevention of intraoperative septic contamination and d) a better and faster take back of the functionality of the anastomosis. There were only 4 intraoperative haemorrhages easy controllable. Postoperative complications: a) 3 haemorrhages medically treated; b) immediate leakage 1 patient after colorectoanastomosis, treated by Hartman colostomy; precocious, 7 patients and after 4-6 month, 2 patients. Corrective iterative interventions were necessary only in 5 patients. The operative mortality-1 patient, the cause of death being a bronhopneumonia after a radical oesophagectomy with oesophagoplasty (oesophageal cancer). There was not postoperative mortality depending of stapling application. We don't observed late postoperative complications like stenosis of various anastomosis, quoted in the literature, because the time of following of our 150 patients is too short (maximum 18 months). The conclusions are that the stapling devices are a real surgical progress with the conditions of a correct indication and adequate tactics and operative technique. The economical effort is justified and entirely compensated by the major benefits obtained for the patients.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1996

[Food consumption in Italy in relation to tumors of the digestive system].

Time trends of consumption of the principal food and nutrients in Italy are evaluated in relation with geographic area, using most of the published data. A progressive enrichment was observed for the Italian diet, with an increasing intake of animal proteins, saturated fats and sugars, and a decreasing intake of bread and pasta. Differences of dietary habits among different geographical areas are also decreasing. The main geographical and temporal patterns of digestive sites cancer are in agreement with the above described trends and with the principal hypothesis on nutritional causation of cancer.

Anticarcinogenic Agents↗