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PubMed2026

Low-salinity stress alters growth, histology, physiology, and transcriptomic profiles of the gills and antennal glands in Macrobrachium rosenbergii.

Salinity is a major abiotic constraint in freshwater aquaculture of the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii, yet the coordinated roles of the gills and antennal glands, the two primary osmoregulatory organs in decapod crustaceans, under low-salinity stress remain poorly characterized. Here, we integrated histological, physiological, and transcriptomic analyses to characterize the adaptive responses of M. rosenbergii to acute (96 h) and chronic (8 weeks) exposure to salinity 5. Chronic low-salinity stress significantly impaired growth performance and decreased the survival rate. Acute stress induced thinning of the gill filaments, partial disorganization of pillar cells, and dilation of the intermicrovillar space in the antennal glands, whereas chronic stress caused gill vacuolization, cuticle thinning, and adaptive folding of antennal gland microvilli. In parallel, acute exposure significantly decreased hemolymph sodium and potassium ion concentrations but increased magnesium ion concentration, whereas chronic exposure increased hemolymph sodium and potassium ion concentrations, upregulated gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity, and enhanced hepatopancreatic antioxidant capacity. Transcriptomic analyses revealed distinct tissue-specific responses. Under acute stress, the gills preferentially activated pathways associated with cytoskeletal remodeling, motor proteins, and tight junctions, whereas chronic acclimation shifted the transcriptional response toward the renin-angiotensin system and glutathione metabolism. In the antennal glands, acute stress rapidly activated the renin secretion pathway, whereas chronic exposure promoted membrane remodeling by enriching pathways related to lipid and glycan metabolism. These findings reveal tissue-specific functional differentiation and synergistic coordination between the gills and antennal glands that underpin M. rosenbergii's adaptive response to low-salinity stress.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Comprehensive source-risk assessment of organophosphate esters in surface water of the Dianchi Lake Basin, Yunnan, China.

Organophosphate esters (OPEs), widely used as flame retardants and plasticizers, have been increasingly detected in aquatic environments. However, investigations of their distribution in high-altitude plateau lakes remain scarce. Identifying and quantifying the sources and associated risks of OPEs are crucial for subsequent water environment management. In this study, an integrated source-risk analysis approach was employed by combining the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model, the Geodetector (GD) model, and risk quotient (RQ). Analysis of 14 OPEs in surface waters of the Dianchi Lake Basin (DLB) revealed 12 detectable compounds, with total OPEs concentrations (ΣOPEs) ranging from not detected (ND)-64.6 ng/L during the wet season and ND-35.8 ng/L during the dry season. Elevated ΣOPEs were primarily observed at inflow sites in the northern part of the lake and in urban rivers. Source apportionment indicated four major contributing sources: agricultural films containing flame-retardant and plasticizer additives, traffic-related particulate emissions, releases from household and personal care products, and industrial production and applications of flame retardants in plastics, electronics, and related products (the predominant source). The ecological impact caused by OPEs ranges from no risk to low risk, with tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate emitted from industrial source being the primary driver of potential environmental risk. These findings highlight the necessity of prioritizing industrial sources in future management strategies. Overall, this study provides a methodological framework for source apportionment and risk assessment of OPEs and offers scientific evidence to support environmental management of OPEs in the DLB.

Environmental Monitoring↗

PubMed2026

Decoding the spatiotemporal patterns of food spoilage microbial communities: Integrating multi-omics and artificial intelligence to enable precision preservation.

In the global food supply chain, food wastage caused by spoilage has resulted in significant economic losses, food shortages, and environmental pressure. This process is fundamentally driven by the spatiotemporal dynamics of microbial communities. However, traditional research methods struggle to elucidate the complex mechanisms of spatial heterogeneity, interspecies interactions, and functional succession. This limits the development of effective preservation strategies. This review systematically reviews the cutting-edge progress of integrating multi-omics technologies and artificial intelligence (AI) to study food spoilage microbial communities, breaking through this bottleneck. We propose an intelligent theoretical framework that could potentially analyze microbial metabolic activities and predict dynamic shelf life if implemented. The conceptual framework integrates multidimensional data, including spatial metabolomics, temporal metatranscriptomics, single-cell transcriptomics, and longitudinal metagenomics. It can also be combined with AI models, such as graph neural networks. The article elaborates on the principles and applications of spatio-temporal monitoring technologies, such as nano secondary ion mass spectrometry, hyperspectral imaging, and the Internet of Things sensing. Through illustrative cases of typical perishable foods, it also explores how such a multi-omics - AI system might be applied to spoilage warning and precise intervention. Additionally, the article addresses the current challenges in data coverage, model generalization, and federated learning implementation. Then the research further explores emerging areas such as engineered probiotics, edge AI, and microfluidic sensing. These areas are targeted at transforming food preservation from an empirical control approach to a data-driven, precise regulatory framework. This transformation provides theoretical support and technical approaches for developing a smart, sustainable food preservation system.

Multiomics↗

PubMed2026

Associations between prescribed amphetamines and spontaneous cervical artery dissection: a matched case-control study.

AIMS: To assess whether prescribed amphetamines are associated with spontaneous cervical artery dissection (sCeAD), an important cause of stroke in young adults. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective matched case-control study within a large academic health system in Chicago, Illinois. Adults aged 18-85 years with incident sCeAD were matched 1:4 to controls without dissection on age, sex, and race/ethnicity. The primary exposure was documented amphetamine prescription. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) controlling for relevant vascular and clinical covariates. Sensitivity analyses included strict matched-strata and inverse probability-weighted models. RESULTS: Among 11,463 individuals, including 2,293 cases and 9,170 controls, amphetamine exposure was associated with higher odds of sCeAD (adjusted OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.18-2.46). Results were unchanged in strictly matched strata (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.18-2.46) and remained directionally consistent after inverse probability weighting (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.09-1.79). High-dose amphetamine exposure (≥30 mg/day) had the strongest association (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.18-3.26), whereas low-dose exposure was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Prescribed amphetamines were associated with modestly increased odds of sCeAD. While these findings are observational and hypothesis-generating, they may support a possible association in susceptible patients.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

A chromosomal gtrB homolog and dam differentially contribute to dry-heat and high hydrostatic pressure resistance in Salmonella enterica.

Salmonella enterica can persist in low-moisture foods and shows enhanced dry-heat resistance under low water activity, posing significant food safety challenges. However, the genetic basis of extreme dry-heat resistance and its relationship with other processing stresses remain unclear. In this study, twelve S. enterica strains were screened for dry-heat treatment at 60 °C and 80 °C, with S. Infantis CICC21649 identified as the most resistant strain. Comparative genomics and transcriptional analysis identified candidate genes related to envelope integrity and regulation, including gtrB and dam. Deletion of the chromosomal gtrB homolog reduced dry-heat resistance, producing an additional 0.91-log10 reduction relative to the parent strain at 80 °C. Deletion of dam caused broader stress sensitivity, reducing resistance to both dry heat and high hydrostatic pressure, with the stronger phenotype observed under high hydrostatic pressure. Proteomic analysis of the chromosomal gtrB homolog mutant revealed broad alterations in envelope-associated proteins, transport functions, oxidative stress pathways, and central metabolism under dry-heat stress. These findings indicate that the chromosomal gtrB homolog is an important contributor to extreme dry-heat resistance, whereas dam contributes to resistance against both dry-heat and high hydrostatic pressure, likely through a broader regulatory role in stress adaptation. These results reveal distinct structural and regulatory layers underlying stress adaptation in S. enterica and provide practical guidance for low-moisture food processing by highlighting the need to account for strain-dependent and stress-specific resistance during process validation.

Hydrostatic Pressure↗

PubMed2026

Association between fruit and vegetable intake and risk of depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

Depression is a leading cause of global disability, and identifying modifiable lifestyle factors is a public health priority. We conducted a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies examining the association between fruit and vegetable intake and incident depression. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched through November 2025. Data on study characteristics, dietary assessment, outcomes, effect estimates, and covariates were independently extracted by two reviewers. Random-effects models were used to calculate pooled relative risks (RRs), and linear and non-linear dose-response relationships were assessed. Heterogeneity was evaluated using I2, and evidence certainty was rated with GRADE. Thirteen cohorts with 385,449 participants and 26,592 depression cases were included. Highest versus lowest combined fruit and vegetable intake was associated with a 37% lower risk of depression (RR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.50, 0.80). Each 200 g/day increase corresponded to a 16% risk reduction (RR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.74-0.94). Separate analyses showed that fruit and vegetable intake reduced depression risk by 16% and 12%, respectively, with a non-linear dose-response for vegetables. These findings indicate that higher consumption of fruits and vegetables is associated with lower depression risk, supporting dietary strategies as a potential approach for mental health prevention. However, given the observational nature of the included studies, these results should be interpreted with caution, as residual confounding may partially account for the observed associations. Registration: This study was registered at PROSPERO (CRD420261279998).

Humans↗

PubMed2026

The effects of cold temperature on the development, microbiome, and transcriptome of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis.

Thermal conditions impact essentially all aspects of the physiology for ectotherms. While the effects of high temperatures have been widely studied, cold temperature effects on aquatic invertebrates and their microbial communities have been poorly characterized. To determine the diverse effects of exposure to cold temperatures, we assessed acute and long-term impacts of ecologically relevant low temperatures on the development, microbiome, and gene expression of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. Two hours post fertilization, embryos were exposed to temperatures from 4°C to 35°C and development rate to the juvenile stage was quantified. We found temperature impacts the development rate of embryos, where lower temperatures extended development time and resulted in mortality below 10°C. For both microbiome and host transcriptomic responses, anemones were held at 20°C, 10°C, and 0°C and compared at 24 hours and 7 days. Extended exposures to colder temperatures caused restructuring of the host-associated microbiome, with the loss of common taxonomic groups from the class Bacteroidia and Bacilli. Lastly, cold stress induced significant changes in gene expression, which were more pronounced at the 10°C than 0°C but showed little change over time in each temperature. Interestingly, expression of genes associated with innate immunity were among the most differentially expressed genes including heat shock proteins and innate immune genes providing a potential host-imposed mechanism to explain the shift in the microbiome. Overall, cold temperatures have broad effects on many facets of this sea anemone and its microbial community and indicate the importance of cold temperature events when characterizing how ectotherms acclimate to thermal variation.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Effect of different liposomal bupivacaine concentrations in ultrasound-guided superior trunk block on postoperative analgesia and mobility: a randomized double-blind controlled trial protocol for shoulder arthroscopy.

BACKGROUND: Shoulder arthroscopy frequently causes severe postoperative pain that may impede recovery. Liposomal bupivacaine provides prolonged analgesia, and ultrasound-guided superior trunk block (STB) offers comparable analgesia to interscalene block with a lower risk of hemidiaphragmatic paralysis. However, the optimal concentration of liposomal bupivacaine for STB remains unknown. METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, controlled trial will enrol 282 adult patients scheduled for elective arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Patients will be randomly allocated (1:1:1) to receive ultrasound-guided STB with liposomal bupivacaine 66 mg (Group A), 44 mg (Group B) or 33 mg (Group C), each diluted to 10 mL. The co-primary outcomes are (1) rest pain Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) score at 48 h post-surgery and (2) cumulative oral morphine milligram equivalents (MME) consumption within 0-48 h after surgery. Secondary outcomes include rest pain NRS scores at 6, 24 and 72 h; motor function assessed by Muscle Balance Scale, Bromage score and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score at 6, 24, 48 and 72 h; and Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) score at 24 and 48 h. DISCUSSION: This study will provide evidence on the optimal concentration of liposomal bupivacaine for STB in arthroscopic shoulder surgery, aiming to achieve effective and prolonged analgesia without compromising shoulder mobility.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

A complete hlyCABD-like RTX operon marks a virulence-associated subset of trh-positive Vibrio parahaemolyticus from Hangzhou Bay, China.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus remains a major cause of seafood-associated gastroenteritis, yet routine surveillance still relies largely on the canonical hemolysin markers thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) and tdh-related hemolysin (trh). To determine whether this framework overlooks accessory virulence determinants in trh-positive lineages, we analyzed 193 V. parahaemolyticus isolates collected between 2022 and 2025 from clinical, environmental, and seafood-associated sources in the Hangzhou Bay region of China. Serotyping identified 45 serotypes, with O10:K4 predominating among clinical isolates. Both clinical and non-clinical populations showed open pan-genomes, although the non-clinical group carried a larger accessory gene pool. We identified a complete hlyCABD-like RTX operon in 10 trh-positive isolates with T3SS2-associated virulence backgrounds. These RTX-positive isolates were distributed across seven sequence types and three of five phylogenetic groups. This distribution was lineage-restricted but non-clonal. In the representative hybrid-assembled genome, the operon occurred within a mosaic genomic region containing additional virulence- and mobility-associated genes, indicating a composite pathogenicity island-like element. In the tested subset, RTX-positive isolates showed significantly greater hemolytic activity than RTX-negative trh-positive isolates. This significant difference was consistently observed in both plate-based and liquid assays, and within the RTX-positive subset, hlyA expression correlated with hemolytic activity, whereas the trh gene and the tlh (thermolabile hemolysin) gene did not. A complete hlyCABD-like RTX operon therefore identifies a hemolysis-associated subset of trh-positive V. parahaemolyticus and supports its further evaluation as an additional target for food safety surveillance.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus↗

PubMed2026

Integrated assessment of biocontrol potential and genome analysis of endophytic Bacillus velezensis MGL-B1 against mango stem-end rot.

Mango stem-end rot is a globally significant postharvest disease that severely threatens the mango industry, primarily caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea. However, information on biocontrol agents targeting this pathogen in mango remains limited. In this study, we isolated and identified a strain of Bacillus velezensis MGL-B1 from mango leaf tissues for the first time, which exhibited broad-spectrum antifungal activity. Both in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that MGL-B1 effectively inhibited the growth of B. dothidea, with an in vivo biocontrol efficacy reaching 83.72 ± 5.10%, comparable to that of the commonly used chemical fungicide thiabendazole. Further mechanistic analysis revealed that MGL-B1 acts by directly disrupting the integrity of the pathogen's mycelial cell membrane. In addition, its released volatile organic compounds (VOCs) also displayed significant antifungal activity, with components such as 2-nonanone, 2-nonanol, and phenylethyl alcohol being confirmed to exert antifungal effects in in vitro fumigation assays. qPCR analysis showed that MGL-B1 treatment significantly upregulated the transcriptional levels of genes involved in plant-pathogen interaction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and antioxidant defense pathways in mango fruits, with upregulation folds of 16.32, 37.19, and 75.93, respectively; meanwhile, the expression of browning-related genes such as polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was markedly suppressed. Whole-genome sequencing further revealed 14 biosynthetic gene clusters for antimicrobial compounds, including five unknown gene clusters. Collectively, B. velezensis MGL-B1 represents a promising biocandidate strain with multiple antifungal mechanisms and excellent control efficacy, providing a valuable resource for green and sustainable management of mango diseases.

Mangifera↗

PubMed2025

Efficacy of Janus kinase inhibitor combined with phototherapy in non-segmental vitiligo: systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune disease causing skin depigmentation and psychosocial issues. Non-segmental vitiligo often shows limited response to standard therapies. The IFN-γ-JAK-STAT pathway plays a key role, and combining JAK inhibitors with NB-UVB may improve repigmentation. AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of JAK inhibitors (baricitinib or tofacitinib) plus NB-UVB versus NB-UVB without JAK inhibitors in adult NSV. METHODS: PubMed, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched till August 2024 for randomized controlled trials. Four studies, comprising 217 adults (121 in the combination group and 96 in the control group), were analyzed using RevMan 5.4. Bias was assessed via Newcastle-Ottawa, Cochrane ROB-2, and ROBINS-I tools. RESULTS: Combination therapy significantly reduced total VASI compared to controls (MD = -4.96, 95% CI [-9.29, -0.63], p = 0.02), with a greater effect on sensitivity analysis (MD = -6.84, p = 0.0007). Significant reductions were seen in face/neck (MD = -0.17, p = 0.002), trunk (MD = -3.62, p = 0.0001); acral (MD = -0.85, p = 0.0002) and extremity (MD = -4.61, p < 0.00001) regions after sensitivity analysis. Patients were more likely to achieve ≥50% (RR = 6.87, p < 0.00001) and ≥75% (RR = 15.13, p = 0.006) repigmentation. CONCLUSIONS: JAK inhibitor plus NB-UVB markedly improves the repigmentation in adult NSV compared to NB-UVB alone.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Subtle cortical thinning in the temporal pole in middle-aged APOE-ε4 and PICALM (rs3851179) AA/AG carriers without dementia.

The symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are caused by neurodegeneration and atrophy in particular brain regions, especially in the temporal lobe. However, the influence of genetic risk on cortical thickness prior to dementia onset, remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the relationship between AD genetic risk (related to APOE and PICALM genes) and cortical thickness in selected regions of interest (ROIs) in middle-aged individuals without dementia. Sixty-nine (N = 69) participants (34 females, 35 males; age: 55.45 ± 3.19) underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). They were divided into three groups based on their genetic AD risk: A+ P+ (APOE/PICALM risk variants), A+P- (APOE risk variant, PICALM neutral variants), and the N group (APOE/PICALM neutral alleles). Cortical thickness was analyzed using CAT12 software (surface-based morphometry with the Destrieux atlas) based on T1-weighted MR images in five ROIs referred to as "the cortical signature of AD" in previous studies. The A+P- group had a thinner right temporal pole cortex than non-carriers after controlling for sex, age, and Raven's Progressive Matrices scores. Although this finding did not survive FDR correction across the 10 tested regions, it is consistent with our hypotheses and prior literature. No other differences in cortical thickness were found in the analyzed regions of AD "signature". The observed effect was restricted to single-risk APOE carriers without PICALM risk alleles. Therefore, further research is needed to understand the genetic interplay between these two genes in conferring AD risk.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Criteria for Safe Hospital Discharge in Bronchiolitis: A Systematic Review.

Bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospital presentation and admission for infants in Australasia. We aimed to synthesise current evidence on the effect of discharge criteria for infants (aged < 12 months) who are presenting to or are admitted to hospital with bronchiolitis, to inform a binational guideline recommendation update. Systematic searches were conducted on MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library and CINAHL (last search 19 February 2025) for non-randomised studies evaluating hospital discharge criteria in bronchiolitis. The primary outcomes were length of stay (LOS) and readmission rates. The risk of bias (ROBINS-I) and certainty of the evidence (GRADE) were appraised, and findings were narratively synthesised. GRADE evidence-to-decision methodology, expert consensus voting and interest-holder consultation were used to finalise the recommendation update. Two retrospective observational studies were included (N = 2697) (low to very low quality), reporting on unique discharge criteria. In both studies, use of the discharge criteria was associated with a significant reduction in LOS relative to alternative protocols. There was no significant difference in readmission rates observed in either study. There was low to very low certainty evidence across outcomes due to risk of bias, indirectness and imprecision. The review findings informed a recommendation update for safe discharge criteria in the 2025 Australasian Bronchiolitis Guideline update. Updated, prescriptive discharge criteria and flow chart were developed, covering clinical stability, oxygen saturation/support, feeding difficulties, caregiver confidence and education on deterioration, social factors and follow-up. The revised criteria provide clinicians with increased certainty in decision-making in bronchiolitis, albeit with further research needed.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Simultaneously PYCR-1 and ALH-6 inhibition exacerbates 6-PPD quinone toxicity via disrupting proline and glutamate metabolisms and activating insulin signals in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Glutamate synthesized from the proline can serve as a precursor for key intermediate metabolites of citric acid cycle. Recently, we observed reduced glutamate content and expression of alh-6 controlling glutamate synthesis by 6-PPD quinone (6-PPDQ) in Caenorhabditis elegans. However, possible effect of 6-PPDQ on proline synthesis and the association with 6-PPDQ toxicity induction remain unclear. After 0.1-10 μg/L 6-PPDQ exposure, proline content was further reduced, and expression of pycr-1 governing proline biosynthesis was decreased. In 6-PPDQ exposed nematodes, RNA interference (RNAi) of pycr-1 decreased α-ketoglutarate content, enhanced mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and reduced flavine adenine dinucleotide (FADH₂) contents, inhibited mitochondrial complex I/II activities, and decreased expressions of gas-1 and mev-1. Moreover, compared to single RNAi, double RNAi of pycr-1 and alh-6 exacerbated the 6-PPDQ toxicity in reducing α-ketoglutarate, NADH, and FADH₂ contents, and suppressing mitochondrial complex I/II activities and gas-1 and mev-1 expressions. Additionally, double RNAi of pycr-1 and alh-6 intensified toxicity of 6-PPDQ on longevity and caused upregulation of insulin ligand and receptor genes and downregulation of daf-16 and its targeted genes in 6-PPDQ exposed nematodes. Furthermore, after 6-PPDQ exposure, daf-16 RNAi suppressed pycr-1 and alh-6 expressions, suggesting formation of a regulatory feedback loop between pycr-1/alh-6 and daf-16. Our findings highlight involvement of disrupted proline and glutamate metabolisms in 6-PPDQ-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced longevity.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Comparison of immunogenicity, safety, and efficacy of EVA71 vaccine in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) is a principal cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), potentially leading to severe neurological complications in children. Inactivated EV-A71 vaccines have been introduced. This study compares the immunogenicity, safety, and efficacy of EV-A71 vaccines versus placebo in pediatric populations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Following a PROSPERO-registered protocol, RCTs involving EV-A71 in children were identified via PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Two independent reviewers performed screening, extraction, and RoB assessments (RoB 2.0). RESULTS: Five phase III RCTs involving 36,659 children were included. EV-A71 vaccination significantly increased seropositivity across follow-up periods, including early (RR 5.8), medium-term (RR 3.09), and long-term (RR 2.95) response. Seroconversion was significantly higher in the vaccinated group (pooled RR 13.04, 95% CI 2.80-60.61; p < 0.001). Geometric mean titers, analyzed using the ratio of means approach, were significantly higher in the vaccinated group during early and medium-term follow-up. Vaccine efficacy against EV-A71-associated HFMD exceeded 98% (pooled RR 0.02, 95% CI 0.01-0.09; p = 0.0028; I2 = 50%). Solicited local and systemic adverse events were mild and comparable between groups. CONCLUSION: Inactivated EV-A71 vaccines robust immunogenicity, high clinical efficacy, and an acceptable safety profile in children. Future studies should explore long-term protection, booster schedules, and multivalent formulations against non-EV-A71 serotypes.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Nebivolol treatment improves hypertension-induced endothelial cell dysfunction by reducing TGF-β1-dependent senescence and normalizing mitochondrial indices.

OBJECTIVES: Serum from patients with hypertension (HT) causes endothelial cell (EC) damage, leading to senescence and dysfunctional phenotype. This study investigated whether serum from patients treated with the antihypertensive drugs could normalize EC activity. METHODS: This study involved 71 patients with newly diagnosed HT, who were randomly assigned to one of three groups based on the antihypertensive treatment: amlodipine, nebivolol, or perindopril. Serum samples collected before and 6 weeks after treatment were applied to ECs in vitro to assess their angiogenic activity, cellular senescence, mitochondrial metabolism, and oxidative stress. RESULTS: Results showed that exposure of ECs to serum from patients treated for 6 weeks significantly altered EC function, with varying effects among the drugs. Serum from nebivolol-treated patients produced the most consistent benefits, reducing EC proliferation and HIF-1α expression, likely due to lower levels of angiogenic factors such as angiopoietin-1, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Additionally, this serum contained reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (E-selectin, P-selectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)) and lower TGF-β1, which are linked to HT-related EC senescence. Nebivolol treatment decreased senescence biomarkers such as SA-β-Gal, 53BP1, and p16, with SA-β-Gal reduction comparable to that of TGF-β1 neutralizing antibodies. Oxidative stress was reduced, indicated by lower oxidized DNA product levels. CONCLUSIONS: Nebivolol was the most effective at reducing the factors, associated with HT induced cellular senescence of endothelium, through reducing TGF-β1.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

ScRNA-seq analysis reveals the effects of nitrite stress on the endocrine system of the eyestalk in Litopenaeus vannamei.

Nitrite is a harmful substance generated in Litopenaeus vannamei farming systems, largely originating from the inadequate breakdown of surplus feed and shrimp feces. Its accumulation in the water can affect the growth and physiological functions of shrimp, damage the immune system, and even cause mass mortality, thus becoming a key environmental factor restricting the green development of the industry. Under nitrite stress, the eyestalk, as an important neuroendocrine regulatory center in crustaceans, participates in the stress adaptation of the organism and exerts a protective effect by regulating energy metabolism and immune function. However, the molecular regulatory mechanism of the eyestalk in response to nitrite stress remains unclear. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology was used to analyze the heterogeneity of eyestalk cells in L. vannamei under nitrite stress. A total of 18, 394 high-quality cells were obtained, and six major cell subpopulations, including Neurosecretory cell, Motor neuron, Sensory neuron, Interneuron, Neurogliocyte, and Support cell, were identified. Differential expression analysis identified 839 differentially expressed genes, and different cell types showed distinct specific responses to nitrite stress. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that pathways such as glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, ribosome function, and endoplasmic reticulum protein processing were significantly activated, while signal transduction and DNA repair-related pathways were inhibited. Further analysis revealed that nitrite stress could induce mitochondrial function changes and trigger oxidative stress, thereby affecting the neuroendocrine system function of the eyestalk. This study provided insights into transcriptomic responses of the eyestalk to nitrite stress at the single-cell level, laying a theoretical foundation for the management of aquaculture environments.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Endovascular thrombectomy versus best medical therapy for acute vertebrobasilar artery occlusion in patients with low NIHSS scores: a meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The efficacy of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for acute vertebrobasilar artery occlusion (VBAO) presenting with mild symptoms (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score ≤10) remains uncertain. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of EVT versus best medical therapy (BMT) in this population. METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to September 2025 for comparative studies. The primary outcome was 90-day excellent functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score 0-1). Secondary outcomes included functional independence (mRS 0-2), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and all-cause mortality. Pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random-effects model. RESULTS: Seven observational studies involving 3,107 patients were included. In unadjusted analyses, EVT was associated with a higher rate of excellent functional outcome (OR 2.17; 95% CI 1.58-2.96) but not with functional independence (OR 1.58; 95% CI 0.90-2.77). After adjustment for confounders, EVT was associated with higher rate of excellent functional outcome (OR 2.86; 95% CI 1.89-4.31) and functional independence (OR 1.91; 95% CI 1.01-3.62). Safety outcomes including sICH and mortality did not differ significantly between groups. CONCLUSION: In patients with acute VBAO and mild symptoms, EVT may be associated with superior functional outcomes compared to BMT alone, without a significant increase in procedural risks. These findings suggest a potential role for EVT in selected patients with low NIHSS scores and underscore the need for confirmation in randomized trials.

Humans↗