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PubMed1991

Rat retinal ganglion cells in culture.

A stable cell culture system of identified retinal ganglion cells would facilitate the investigation of cellular mechanisms of damage from glaucoma and other disorders. We have developed a reliable technique to culture retinal ganglion cells on a glial cells monolayer which extends viability and promotes extensive neurite outgrowth. Dissociated retinal cells from 5-7-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured on glial monolayers derived from rat cerebral hemispheres. Retinal ganglion cells were labeled with retrograde fluorescent markers injected into the superior colliculus or in culture with monoclonal antibody to Thy-1 antigen. Since Thy-1 antigen is not entirely specific for retinal ganglion cells, and fluorescent markers fade in older cultures, the identity of Thy-1 marked cells was confirmed with whole-cell electrophysiologic recordings. Labeled, physiologically intact retinal ganglion cells were identified for at least 31 days in culture. Many retinal ganglion cells showed neurite elongation of 2 mm or more and developed complex intercellular networks. This cell culture system may be used to form the basis for future studies of the electrophysiology and transport properties of retinal ganglion cells under normal culture conditions and under adverse conditions such as those that mimic ischemia or mechanical deformation.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1986

Psychoanalysis and time.

Psychoanalysis is fundamentally related to time because it is an effort to understand how disturbances in the present are determined by events in the past. Technically, we know that the patient who is reporting immediate perceptions is not aware of the passage of time, but he becomes self-conscious as undesirable elements threaten to appear in his associations. Time is not sensed by direct awareness, nor is it an agent of action or events. Various functions of the ego influence how time is experienced consciously, leading to phenomena such as déjà vu, a sensation of timelessness, misjudgment of time duration, the experience of premonition. Psychoanalysis more than any other discipline sheds light on the coexistence of past, present, and future, as influenced by unconscious fantasy thinking. The analyst's understanding of the patient's associations is guided by temporal factors such as context and contiguity, succession of similar or opposite elements. Basically, the self is a time-bound concept; identity implies that a self is the same entity at different points in time. There is a deep-seated rebellion against the tyranny of time, beginning with need frustration in the infant and culminating in the knowledge that man is destined to lose the struggle against death.

Awareness↗
PubMed1998

Discrimination of facial identity and of emotions in Alzheimer's disease.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate processing of human faces identity and of emotional expressions in patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD). BACKGROUND: Mechanisms responsible for discriminating facial identity may be dissociated from those involved in discriminating facial expressions. Patients with prosopagnosia often have preserved capacities for processing emotional facial expressions and occasionally, patients with focal lesions may recognize human faces without being able to recognize their facial expression. Such a dissociation has not been clearly shown in groups of AD patients. METHODS: Thirty-one probable AD patients and 14 control subjects were administered tasks of discrimination of faces and of emotions. RESULTS: AD patients were significantly impaired in discriminating facial identities and in naming and pointing to named emotions, but were comparable to controls in discriminating facial expressions of emotion. The deficits of facial discrimination and of identification of emotions were, on the whole, correlated with the MMS and Raven scores. Discrimination of emotions was not correlated to either test, suggesting that this ability is based on cognitive processes different from those underlying the MMS and the PM47. CONCLUSIONS: This dissociation implies two separate systems, one dedicated to discrimination of facial identities and the other to discrimination of emotions. This is compatible with the modular organization of cognitive deficits in AD and may explain the well known experience that nonverbal communication often remains effective even in patients with severe dementia.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1988

Focal spike-induced cerebral dysfunction is related to the after-coming slow wave.

By means of a computerized system of spike detection, presentation of visual stimuli, and registration of reaction times (RTs), we have shown previously that focal posterior interictal spikes cause transiently prolonged RT and increased nonperception and misperception of stimuli, especially contralateral to the spike. We report here the temporal profile of this phenomenon, ascertained by systematically increasing a delay between spike and stimulus-flash, until the latter was well beyond the limits of the entire spike-wave complex. In each of two subjects, the spike effect began just before the spike and ended with the termination of the after-coming slow wave. For stimuli with identical delays following spikes, RTs were significantly prolonged if the end of the slow wave overlapped the stimulus, and not otherwise. In one subject, who had an amplitude dissociation between spikes and after-coming slow waves, the prolongation of RT was associated with the larger waves, regardless of spike amplitude. These findings suggest that the after-coming slow wave (surround hyperpolarization) transiently disrupts aspects of cortical functioning, in addition to whatever effect the spike itself may have. Focal spike-wave-induced cortical dysfunction may be relevant to a variety of interictal cognitive disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[A clinical study of generalized amnesia].

Six cases of generalized amnesia were reported. Generalized amnesia caused by phenomena of genuinely psychogenic origin is a rare psychological disorder and spontaneous recovery from amnesia in a comparatively short period of time is one of the characteristics of this disorder. Three of the cases in this report developed amnesia which was prolonged in comparison with previously reported cases. A comparison between these six cases and previously reported cases of amnesia elucidated the general characteristics of this disorder, differential diagnosis from other disorders, the development of a new identity during the amnestic period, amnesia as an alternative to suicide, factors related to prolonged amnesia, and its treatment. Although differential diagnosis from other disorders, especially from malingering, is sometimes difficult, the patient's attitude toward amnesia, the development of the clinical course of amnesia, the premorbid personal history, and interpersonal relationships should be carefully observed and evaluated in order to differentiate generalized amnesia from malingering. During the amnestic period it was observed that three of the cases believed that they had names of other persons, and two of them recalled personal histories completely different from their own. Previously, such phenomena have been mainly discussed from the view-point of pseudologia fantastica or malingering in Japan. The author discusses how a new identity could be developed in cases of generalized amnesia. According to Abeles, et al., generalized amnesia can sometimes serve as psychological suicide. The author emphasizes that the patient's suicidal risk should be evaluated carefully, even if he or she does not seem highly suicidal superficially. Excessive haste to recover from amnesia may heighten the suicidal risk or help develop a distorted personal identity. The principle for the treatment is to exclude an unnecessary therapeutic manipulation and maintain a consistent and comprehensive psychotherapy. The author also discusses factors with which the duration of amnesia can be evaluated in the initial treatment planning. The premorbid personality, the premorbid social adjustment, previous conflicts leading to amnesia, the whole clinical picture of amnesia, the whereabouts of the patient's family, and the suicidal ideation should all be taken into account.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Child serial murder-psychodynamics: closely watched shadows.

There is a malignant transformation in object relations resulting in an identification with an omnipotent and cruel object resulting in an identity transformation. If the tension, desperation, and dissociation increase, serial murder becomes spree murder. The presence of pathological narcissism and psychopathic tendencies are of diagnostic significance in understanding the murderer's personality functioning and motivation to kill. Meloy (1988) considered the degree of sadism and aggression combined with narcissistic qualities to reflect the "malignancy" of the psychopathic disturbance where gratification (of aggression) occurs in the service of narcissistic functioning--that is, cruelty toward others in the form of a triumphant victory over a rejecting object. Meloy also believes that dissociation is ubiquitious in the psychopath. The initial murder of the serial murderer may reflect a "new identity." The pathological object-relations of narcissism and the malignant narcissism are important diagnostic indicators in the personality functioning of serial killers and the occurrence of these phenomena is a significant factor in the formation of the personalities of serial killers, their inner motivations, and their pattern of commission.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The prevalence and biometric structure of pathological dissociation in the general population: taxometric and behavior genetic findings.

Taxometric and biometric analyses were conducted on 2 North American samples to investigate the prevalence and biometric structure of pathological dissociation. Results indicated that approximately 3.3% of the general population belongs to a pathological dissociative taxon. A brief 8-item self-report scale called the DES-T can be used to calculate taxon membership probabilities in clinical and nonclinical samples of adults (a SAS scoring program is provided for this purpose). The genetic and environmental architecture of pathological dissociative symptoms was explored by conducting a biometric analysis on DES-T ratings from 280 identical and 148 fraternal twins. The findings suggest that approximately 45% of the observed variance on the DES-T can be attributed to shared environmental influences. The remaining variance is due to nonshared environmental influences.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Radioimmunological determination of insulinlike growth factors I and II in normal subjects and in patients with growth disorders and extrapancreatic tumor hypoglycemia.

Serum levels of immunoreactive insulinlike growth factors (IGF) I and II were determined by a modified IGF I and a new IGF II radioimmunoassay in normal children and adults, and in patients with acromegaly, isolated growth hormone deficiency, and extrapancreatic tumor hypoglycemia. Serum samples were gel filtered by a simple routine procedure at acidic pH to dissociate and separate IGF from the IGF carrier protein. Mean immunoreactive IGF I levels (+/- SD; corrected for crossreactivity of IGF II) were 193 +/- 58 ng/ml in normal adult subjects, 712 +/- 245 ng/ml in acromegalic patients and 24 +/- 14 ng/ml in patients with isolated growth hormone deficiency. The lack of growth hormone alone, irrespective of an otherwise normal hormonal status, appears to be responsible for the drastic decrease of IGF I levels. Oversecretion of growth hormone does not increase the levels of immunoreactive IGF II: mean levels (+/- SD; corrected for crossreactivity of IGF I) in normal and acromegalic subjects are virtually identical (647 +/- 126 and 641 +/- 189 ng/ml, respectively). Apparently, normal growth hormone levels stimulate IGF II production already maximally. However in growth hormone deficiency immunoreactive IGF II is significantly decreased (252 +/- 99 ng/ml). Thus, IGF II, like IGF I, is growth hormone dependent. But in contrast to IGF I, the growth hormone dependence of IGF II seems to become apparent only at subnormal growth hormone levels. In normal children IGF I is age dependent: it is low in newborn cord sera (51 +/- 20 ng/ml) and gradually rises into the adult range with increasing age. At the onset of and during puberty mean IGF I levels lie above prepubertal values. In contrast, IGF II levels in normal children are independent of age and pubertal stage beyond the first year of life, whereas newborns have significantly lower IGF II values. Hypoglycemia resulting from extrapancreatic tumors is not associated with increased immunoreactive IGF I or II levels. IGF I is decreased in most of the sera (mean level +/- SD:56 +/- 39 ng/ml) whereas IGF II lies in the normal range (556 +/- 195 ng/ml).

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1999

The identification of unusual bile acid metabolites by tandem mass spectrometry: use of low-energy collision-induced dissociation to produce informative spectra.

The use of collision-induced dissociation (CID) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has been shown to produce fragmentation that is useful for the structural analysis of bile acids and their conjugates. Low-energy CID using a triple quadrupole has been used to help characterise bile acid identity but the majority of work has been conducted using high-energy CID on specialised instrumentation. This paper describes the use of low-energy CID as a rapid method for identification of urinary bile acids and presents some examples of its use in the diagnosis of liver disease in infants. These include the differential diagnosis of peroxisomal disorders, identification of compounds (e.g. 3 beta,7 alpha-dihydroxy-5-cholenoic acid 3-sulphate) indicative of 3 beta-hydroxy-delta 5-C27-steroid dehydrogenase/isomerase deficiency and the confirmation of the identity of an unusual bile acid series consisting of different conjugates of lithocholic acid. The use of lithium cationisation and derivatisation with aminosulfonic acids for the analysis of unconjugated and glycine-conjugated bile acids has also been evaluated.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed2004

[The berserks--what was wrong with them?].

The terms berserk and going berserk reflect the violent and ferocious warriors and ruthless murderers of Scandinavia and Northern Europe, active from before the Viking age until the advent of Christianity. The main source on the phenomenon is the Old Norse literature, mainly the Icelandic sagas with their sober descriptive accounts of the berserks and their behaviour. The berserks are frequently depicted as having had antisocial character traits; often as bullies who evince, by way of autosuggestion, an enormous and uncontrollable rage, slaughtering and killing. They felt no pain and hardly took in the environment they lived in. The fits were followed by exhaustion or sleep. Although the phenomenon waned completely by the advent of Christianity, it can hardly be discarded as just myth or folklore. Most likely it could be explained as a kind of dissociative reaction. The widespread idea of toadstool as causative agent is at best debatable. The conceptions of pre-Christian heathenism about the human mind are of importance to the understanding of suggestibility and capacity for trance reaction. The condition is considered a culture-bound syndrome. Comparisons are drawn to lycanthropy (werewolf madness), frequently considered an identical phenomenon. Clinically (i.e. historically) it was mainly something different, namely psychotic conditions.

Aggression↗
PubMed2002

The DAPP-BQ in The Netherlands: factor structure and relationship with basic personality dimensions.

After discarding eight items in the Dutch translation of Livesley's DAPP-BQ that showed item-total correlations < 0.20 in a sample of 223 normal subjects. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were calculated for the remaining items in the 18 scales of this instrument. The 'Dutch' alpha coefficients proved to be satisfactory. Furthermore, the Dutch DAPP-BQ scales were factor analyzed, retaining four factors. Three of these factors proved to be identical (Emotional Dysregulation and Dissocial) or nearly identical (Compulsivity) to the Canadian factors. However, the original factor Inhibition was not the same as the remaining Dutch factor Intimacy Problems. In a sample of 115 students, the estimated scores for the Dutch Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology-Basic Questionnaire (DAPP-BQ) factors were correlated with the scales of Van Kampen's Four-Dimensional Personality Test. As expected, Emotional Dysregulation was found to correlate with Neuroticism, Dissocial with Insensitivity, and Compulsivity with Orderliness. The Intimacy Problems factor proved to be negatively correlated with Extraversion. The results obtained are embedded in the context of the evidence favoring a dimensional model of personality disorder. Furthermore, Livesley's proposal that separate diagnostic criteria for the existence of a personality disorder must be formulated to supplement the assessment by means of the DAPP-BQ is critically discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

A paradoxical gender dissociation within the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor I axis during protracted critical illness.

Female gender appears to protect against adverse outcome from prolonged critical illness, a condition characterized by blunted and disorderly GH secretion and impaired anabolism. As a sexual dimorphism in the GH secretory pattern of healthy humans and rodents determines gender differences in metabolism, we here compared GH secretion and responsiveness to GH secretagogues in male and female protracted critically ill patients. GH secretion was quantified by deconvolution analysis and approximate entropy estimates of 9-h nocturnal time series in 9 male and 9 female patients matched for age (mean +/- SD, 67+/-11 and 67+/-15 yr), body mass index, severity and duration of illness, feeding, and medication. Serum concentrations of PRL, TSH, cortisol, and sex steroids were measured concomitantly. Serum levels of GH-binding protein, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), and PRL were compared with those of 50 male and 50 female community-living control subjects matched for age and body mass index. In a second study, GH responses to GHRH (1 microg/kg), GH-releasing peptide-2 (GHRP-2; 1 microg/ kg) and GHRH plus GHRP-2 (1 and 1 microg/kg) were examined in comparable, carefully matched male (n = 15) and female (n = 15) patients. Despite identical mean serum GH concentrations, total GH output, GH half-life, and number of GH pulses, critically ill men paradoxically presented with less pulsatile (mean +/- SD pulsatile GH fraction, 39+/-14% vs. 67+/-20%; P = 0.002) and more disorderly (approximate entropy, 0.946+/-0.113 vs. 0.805+/-0.147; P = 0.02) GH secretion than women. Serum IGF-I, IGFBP-3, and acid-labile subunit (ALS) levels were low in patients compared with controls, with male patients revealing lower IGF-I (P = 0.01) and ALS (P = 0.005) concentrations than female patients. Correspondingly, circulating IGF-I and ALS levels correlated positively with pulsatile (but not with nonpulsatile) GH secretion. Circulating levels of GH-binding protein and IGFBP-1, -2, and -6 were higher in patients than controls, without a detectable gender difference. In female patients, PRL levels were 3-fold higher, and TSH and cortisol tended to be higher than levels in males. In both genders, estrogen levels were more than 3-fold higher than normal, and testosterone (2.25+/-1.94 vs. 0.97+/-0.39 nmol/L; P = 0.03) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations were low. In male patients, low testosterone levels were related to reduced GH pulse amplitude (r = 0.91; P = 0.0008). GH responses to GHRH were relatively low and equal in critically ill men and women (7.3+/-9.4 vs. 7.8+/-4.1 microg/L; P = 0.99). GH responses to GHRP-2 in women (93+/-38 microg/L) were supranormal and higher (P<0.0001) than those in men (28+/-16 microg/L). Combining GHRH with GHRP-2 nullified this gender difference (77+/-58 in men vs. 120+/-69 microg/L in women; P = 0.4). In conclusion, a paradoxical gender dissociation within the GH/ IGF-I axis is evident in protracted critical illness, with men showing greater loss of pulsatility and regularity within the GH secretory pattern than women (despite indistinguishable total GH output) and concomitantly lower IGF-I and ALS levels. Less endogenous GHRH action in severely ill men compared with women, possibly due to profound hypoandrogenism, accompanying loss of the putative endogenous GHRP-like ligand action with prolonged stress in both genders may explain these novel findings.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Do illness characteristics and familial risk differ between women with anorexia nervosa grouped on the basis of personality pathology?

BACKGROUND: In view of the potential utility of personality-based groupings in eating disorders (EDs), and the lack of studies using this approach in large samples of individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN), this study set out to examine (i) the nature of personality-based clusters of women with lifetime AN and (ii) if these clusters are associated with either clinical symptoms or aetiological variables. METHOD: The self-report Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology (DAPP) was completed by 153 women with a lifetime diagnosis of DSM-IV AN. A cluster analysis was used to identify personality-based subgroups. Clusters were then compared on clinical and aetiological variables. RESULTS: Three personality-based clusters were identified, defined by broad, avoidant and compulsive types of personality pathology. Dimensions of low dissocial behaviour, high inhibition and high compulsivity were common to all clusters, while dimensions related to emotional dysregulation appeared more heterogeneous. Clinical symptoms were not related to personality profile with the exception of a trend towards more fasting behaviour in the broad group. The compulsive cluster with the narrowest range of extreme personality traits reported the highest familial risk of eating pathology. CONCLUSIONS: The three clusters identified in our AN sample were similar to those previously identified in broader eating disordered samples. Personality-based clusters did not correspond overall to clinical symptoms but aetiological differences supported their validity. Broader personality pathology indicative of emotional dysregulation, problems with identity and relationships, in addition to core traits, may increase vulnerability to AN in those with less familial risk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Object recognition and object orientation in Alzheimer's disease.

There are a wide variety of neuropsychological deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD), among which are disorders of visual perception and spatial cognition. The present study investigated the ability of 20 mildly to moderately deteriorated patients with AD (and 174 age- and education-matched controls) on tasks that required them to visually identify, provide the canonical orientation of, and mentally rotate common objects. Some 85% of the AD patients performed poorly on all tasks. The authors were able to identify a small number of individual patients whose pattern of performance represented double dissociations between recognizing objects and knowing their canonical orientation. These findings are interpreted in the context of previous findings, especially as to whether information relating to an object's orientation and identity is independently coded.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Questionnaire on dissociative symptoms. German adaptation, reliability and validity of the American Dissociative Experience Scale (DES)].

The "Fragebogen zu dissoziativen Symptomen (FDS)" represents the authorised German translation and adaptation of the "Dissociative Experience Scale" (DES; Bernstein and Putnam 1986). The original scale comprises 28 items covering dissociative experiences with regard to memory, identity, awareness and cognition according to DSM-III-R and DSM-IV. For the German version, 16 items were added to cover dissociative phenomena according to ICD-10, mainly pseudoneurological conversion symptoms. Reliability and validity of the German version were studied in a total sample of 813 persons and were compared to the results of the original version. Test-retest reliability of the FDS was rtt = 0.88 and Cronbach's consistency coefficient was alpha = 0.93, which is comparable to the results of the DES. The instrument differentiates between different samples (healthy control subjects, students, unselected neurological and psychiatric inpatients, neurological and psychiatric patients with a dissociative disorder and schizophrenics). The FDS is an easily applicable, reliable and valid measure to quantify dissociative experiences.

Dissociative Disorders↗
PubMed1990

A peptidase in human platelets that deamidates tachykinins. Probable identity with the lysosomal "protective protein".

We discovered an enzyme in human platelets that deamidates substance P and other tachykinins. Because an amidated carboxyl terminus is important for biological activity, we purified and characterized this deamidase. The enzyme, released from human platelets by thrombin, was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by chromatography on an octyl-Sepharose column and chromatofocusing on PBE 94. The purified enzyme exhibits esterase, peptidase, and deamidase activities. The peptidase activity (with furylacryloyl-Phe-Phe) is optimal at pH 5.0 while the esterase (benzoyl-tyrosine ethyl ester) and deamidase (D-Ala2-Leu5-enkephalinamide) activities are optimal at pH 7.0. With biologically important peptides, the enzyme acts both as a deamidase (substance P, neurokinin A, and eledoisin) and a carboxy-peptidase (with bradykinin, angiotensin I, substance P-free acid, oxytocin-free acid) at neutrality, although the carboxypeptidase action is faster at pH 5.5. Enkephalins, released upon deamidation of enkephalinamides, were not cleaved. Gly9-NH2 of oxytocin was released without deamidation. Peptides with a penultimate Arg residue were not hydrolyzed. Some properties of the deamidase are similar to those reported for cathepsin A. The deamidase is inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate, inhibitors of chymotrypsin-type enzymes, and mercury compounds while other inhibitors of catheptic enzymes, trypsin-like enzymes, and metalloproteases were ineffective. In gel filtration, the native enzyme has an Mr = 94,000 while in non-reducing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the Mr = 52,000 indicating it exists as a dimer. After reduction, deamidase dissociates into two chains of Mr = 33,000 and 21,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. [3H]diisopropylfluorophosphate labeled the active site serine in the Mr = 33,000 chain. The first 25 amino acids of both chains were sequenced. They are identical with the sequences of the two chains of lysosomal "protective protein" which, in turn, has sequence similarity to the KEX1 gene product and carboxypeptidase Y of yeast. This protective protein complexes with beta-galactosidase and neuraminidase in lysosomes and is vitally important in maintaining their activity and stability. A defect in this protein is the cause of galactosialidosis, a severe genetic disorder. The ability of physiological stimuli (e.g. thrombin or collagen) to release the deamidase from platelets indicates that it may also be involved in the local metabolism of bioactive peptides.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Perceptive and semantic selection difficulties and cognitive aging].

This work took place within tipper's negative priming paradigm. In a study with two age groups (young and older adults), Connelly and Hasher have measured the identity negative priming, the location negative priming and the "identity and location" negative priming. They used a simple material (letters). For these authors, the young people showed the negative priming effect in all the conditions, but the older people showed this effect only in location and in "identity and location" conditions, but there was no effect in identity condition. Hence, there is a dissociation between identity and location in the older adults group. Our work replicated the procedure of Connelly and Hasher using material presenting semantic (words) and perceptive selection difficulties. Our results were not consistent with the results of the authors. For the two age groups, the "location" and "identity and location" conditions were computed statistically faster than the "identity" condition, and there was no difference in the reaction times between the "location" and "identity and location" conditions. In the young adults group, even if an identity negative priming was obtained, there was no effect in the "location" and "identity and location" conditions (in comparison with a control condition). This led us to conclude is the existence of a dissociation between identity and location for the young adults. In the older adults group, we obtained positive priming in the "identity and location" condition, and no effect in the other conditions. Moreover, the reaction times in the "location" and "identity and location" conditions were faster than in the identity condition. We think about a dissociation between identity and location in the older group. Our data led us to conclude in the existence of a dissociation between identity and location, not only for the older adults, but also for the young adults. Our conclusion agrees with the explanations given by the authors regarding the neurological system; with the existence of two neuronal pathways, one for the identity and the other for the location. We explain the negative priming effect obtained in the young adults group through controlled inhibition processes, and we explain the positive priming obtained in the older adults group through automatic recuperation processes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Deep FLASH-seq profiling of purified canine sensory neurons uncovers species-specific signatures relevant to pain and itch.

Naturally occurring pain and itch disorders in the domestic dog represent an important and underexploited opportunity for translational sensory neuroscience. These conditions largely mirror human disease, highlighting the need for detailed comparative understanding of canine somatosensory neurobiology. Here, we present a single-cell transcriptomic characterisation of the canine dorsal root ganglion (DRG), providing molecular insights into sensory neuron diversity in a species of direct veterinary and biomedical relevance. We develop a novel mechanical dissociation and fluorescence-activated cell sorting strategy enabling purification of intact whole neurons from adult canine DRG, followed by deep, full-length RNA sequencing using FLASH-seq. This approach yields high-quality transcriptional profiles with molecular depth analogous to deep neuronal profiling in human DRG, enabling resolution of neuronal identities and subtype-specific gene programs. Using these data, we identify canine sensory neuron clusters conforming to conserved principles of DRG molecular organization observed across species, including peptidergic and noncanonical peptidergic nociceptors, low-threshold mechanoreceptors, proprioceptors, and thermosensory populations. Cross-species comparisons with human and mouse DRG datasets reveal broad conservation of pain- and itch-relevant pathways and therapeutic targets, alongside biologically meaningful divergence. We further identify species-specific differences in subtype-restricted expression of the pharmacologically relevant receptors IL31RA and SSTR2 , which we validate using in situ hybridization and contextualize with human spatial transcriptomic data. Finally, we provide evidence that domestication-associated genes are nonrandomly enriched in specific sensory neurons, suggesting that evolutionary history may have shaped somatosensory function. These data represent a resource for comparative sensory neuroscience and inform translational interpretation of pain and itch therapeutics across species.

Animals↗