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At least 811 records · Page 45Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Diagnostic and therapeutic bronchoscopy in long-term presence of foreign bodies in the bronchi].

Bronchofibroscopy was conducted in 9,254 patients, foreign bodies aspired long ago were found in 12 of them. All foreign bodies were radiolucent. During bronchoscopy foreign bodies were detected on the right side in 7 and on the left side in 5 patients. All were surrounded by an inflammatory swelling and covered with granulations. The foreign bodies had remained in the bronchi for 4 months to 27 years. After removal of the foreign bodies all patients were subjected to therapeutic bronchoscopy until full abatement of the inflammatory process in the bronchi.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Anticholinergic pre-treatment in rigid bronchoscopy. Effect on heart rate, arterial blood pressure and cardiac arrhythmias.

The effect of anticholinergic pre-treatment on the hemodynamic changes during rigid bronchoscopy was studied. Eighty four adult patients in three groups received intravenous saline (control), atropine or glycopyrrolate several minutes before anesthesia and venturi ventilation with intermittent thiopentone and suxamethonium. The rises in heart rate and blood pressure and the incidence of cardiac dysrhythmias were least in the control group. Transient bradycardia rarely occurred, even in the control group, despite repeat doses of suxamethonium. Although most of the results were not statistically significant, they suggest that preoperative anticholinergic administration may aggravate some of the cardiovascular effects of bronchoscopy resulting from sympathoadrenal stimulation.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Fibreoptic bronchoscopy in the management of lone pleural effusion: a negative study.

In a retrospective review of 3,000 consecutive fibreoptic bronchoscopies, fifty were performed for investigation of lone pleural effusion. While 7 patients had bronchogenic carcinoma, in only one case was it visible endoscopically. In the absence of radiological or clinical features suggesting an endobronchial lesion, fibreoptic bronchoscopy is unlikely to aid in the diagnosis of lone pleural effusion.

Bronchoscopy↗
PubMed1990

[Value of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of foreign bodies of the trachea and bronchi].

10-year experience gained at the Moscow Endoscopic Center attached to S. P. Botkin City Hospital with bronchoscopic investigations for tracheobronchial pathology verification covers 14542 procedures. Foreign bodies were detected in 38 patients, of these 12 patients had aspirated the bodies long before the investigation. There were 18 males and 20 females aged from 15 to 85 years. To remove the foreign bodies, a bronchofibroscope was used in 34, a rigid bronchoscope in 4 patients. Sharp bodies and dentures were extracted with a metal loop, those of complex configuration were pulled out by a forked forceps. The removal was followed by toilet bronchoscopy. Complications due to the diagnostic or therapeutic bronchoscopy in patients with foreign bodies were not recorded.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Flexible fibre optic bronchoscopy in Ibadan: report of 6 years' experience.

This study describes 6 years' experience of flexible fibre optic bronchoscopy (FFB) at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Ninety-three bronchoscopies were carried out in 83 patients. The study revealed 22 patients with primary lung malignancies, four with tuberculosis, three with secondary malignancies, three with sarcoidosis, and two with interstitial fibrosis. The yield from FFB was 44% and complications were encountered in only three patients, with no mortality.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of ketamine-sombrevin general anesthesia during bronchoscopy in children].

An analysis was made of 82 ketamine-sombrevin, 146 ketamine and 29 sombrevin general anesthesias performed during bronchoscopy in 257 children aged 3 to 15 years with primary tuberculosis and chronic nonspecific diseases of the lung. A procedure of ketamine-sombrevin anesthesia was described. Its adequacy was evaluated by comparison of cardiac intervalograms taken before and after tracheal intubation. There was an absence of vomiting and hallucinations when the agents were concomitantly used. It was concluded that this method might be used during bronchoscopy in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Metastatic Pseudomonas endophthalmitis following bronchoscopy.

Symptoms of uveitis developed in the left eye of a 61-year-old woman 2 weeks after bronchoscopy to investigate hemoptysis. The true diagnosis of metastatic endophthalmitis was unsuspected for 1 month. Both sputum and vitreous samples yielded Pseudomonas aeruginosa when cultured. Despite aggressive medical treatment, subtotal vitrectomy and intraocular injections of antibiotics, enucleation was eventually necessary. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of metastatic endophthalmitis following bronchoscopy. It is also the first report of the concentration of ceftazidime pentahydrate in the vitreous humour of an infected human eye.

Bronchoscopy↗
PubMed1988

[Bronchoscopy].

Bronchoscopy, which in most situations is performed by flexible fiber endoscopy, has become an indispensable diagnostic tool for pneumologists. Besides inspection of the airways, it is possible to obtain secretions or tissue under direct visual control, by transbronchial needle aspiration or by transbronchial forceps biopsy under fluoroscopic guidance. Cells from the alveolar space can be sampled by broncho-alveolar lavage. Adequately processed material is diagnostic for a few diseases, but valuable hints may be obtained in differential diagnosis. Laser light (Nd-YAG), transmissible through flexible quartz fibers, is opening up new therapeutic dimensions in bronchoscopy.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1987

Awareness during bronchoscopy.

The purpose of the study was to assess the incidence of awareness during bronchoscopy and to evaluate the effectiveness of auditory random noise in preventing awareness. All patients were unpremedicated and underwent elective bronchoscopy under thiopentone-suxamethonium anaesthesia. Half the patients received auditory random noise preoperatively. Patients were interviewed postoperatively and the incidence of awareness and dreaming assessed. Eleven patients described awareness, of whom three had received random noise. No relation with awareness could be shown with the age and sex of the patient, nor was awareness related to the dosage of thiopentone. Awareness was associated with a short time interval between removal of the bronchoscope and response to command. Awareness is still an important problem in anaesthesia and the use of random noise stimulation to block auditory input of relevance to the patient merits further investigation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Bronchoscopy and nitrous oxide pollution.

The purpose of the investigation was to assess the extent of nitrous oxide pollution during bronchoscopy (rigid ventilation bronchoscope) and further to elucidate the possible reduction in air pollution during local scavenging of leaking gas by a suction catheter placed in the pharynx. The study included 14 adult patients. The leakage of anaesthetic gas was 11.4 +/- 3.2 l min-1 and the median value of the nitrous oxide concentration in the breathing zone of the endoscopist was greater than 300 ppm. Air pollution could not be reduced significantly by scavenging with a suction catheter. The use of inhalation anaesthetics is therefore inadvisable during bronchoscopy in adults unless sufficient anaesthetic scavenging can be established. Other ways of reducing air pollution are discussed and the use of total intravenous anaesthesia or local anaesthesia is advocated.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1987

[Diagnostic bronchoscopy--mycologic and bacteriologic findings].

The authors studied the findings of mycotic and bacterial agents in the lower air passages of 122 patients with lung disease examined by bronchoscopy. The series represents a current profile of patients investigated at the Department of tuberculosis and respiratory diseases, Pardubice hospital within 17 months of the years 1982-1983. Bronchial swabs were compared with the findings in the swabs of the throat taken immediately before the endoscopic examination. Yeast organisms were isolated from the bronchi of 12 patients, and from the throats of 50 subjects examined. Amongst the agents isolated, Candida albicans showed the highest frequency of occurrence (68.0%). Isolation of Aspergillus fumigatus from the bronchi revealed pulmonary mycetoma in one case. Pathogenic and potentially pathogenic bacterial flora was isolated from the bronchial swabs in 40 subjects examined. A total of 47.5% findings belonged to patients suffering from inflammatory disease of the lower air passages. Isolations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the bronchial swabs of three subjects examined, where other cultivation examinations gave negative results, are considered by the authors as a contribution to the differential diagnosis in infiltrative disease of the lung. The value of examination of directed swabs at bronchoscopy by culture, the problems of contamination and the reliability of the results obtained are discussed.

Bacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Air entrainment during high-frequency jet-ventilation. Simulation of a bronchoscopy with a lung model.

Air entrainment contribution to jet-ventilation during bronchoscopy was evaluated as a lung model (increasing compliance and airway resistance). Ventilation was provided through a 10 mm internal diameter tube using either jet alone without air entrainment, or injection with air entrainment (coaxial and lateral injectors). Three I/E ratios (0.25, 0.43 and 0.67) and nine rates of ventilation, ranging from 20 to 300 c X min-1, were assessed. The driving pressure of the injected air was 350 +/- 10 kPa. Air entrainment is an important part of total ventilation (63.7 +/- 5.5%). The magnitude of air entrainment depends upon the levels of peak and end expiratory airway pressures. Increase in lung volume varies linearly with the end expiratory pressure. Air entrainment contributes to keep the tidal volume above the model dead-space. CO2 elimination is related to the magnitude of ventilated volumes. The amount of entrained air interferes with the FIO2 of delivered gases. During bronchoscopy, lateral injection should be preferred because of smaller airway pressures (- 31.2 +/- 0.6%) and lung volumes, while tidal volumes remain adequate.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1986

Comparison of the effects of atropine and glycopyrrolate on pulmonary mechanics in patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy.

The effects of atropine and glycopyrrolate on forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expired volume in one second (FEV1), the FEV1/FVC ratio, and peak expiratory flow (PFL) were compared in 44 patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy under general anesthesia. Both anticholinergic agents improved pulmonary function equally before general anesthesia, but in both groups there was a small and again equal deterioration in pulmonary function after the procedure. The protective effects of the two drugs were not significantly different. Because of the lower incidence of undesirable side effects, glycopyrrolate is recommended as the anticholinergic agent of choice for bronchoscopy.

Atropine↗
PubMed1985

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in patients with hemoptysis and nonlocalizing chest roentgenograms.

We reviewed retrospectively the records of 45 patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy for hemoptysis in whom chest roentgenograms either were normal or showed only nonlocalizing findings. Follow-up was available for up to three years. In none of the patients was evidence of malignant neoplasms found either at the time of the initial evaluation or at the time of follow-up. This was true for all age groups and for smokers as well as nonsmokers. We conclude that routine fiberoptic bronchoscopy for hemoptysis is not necessarily indicated in patients like ours. Indications for this procedure in this type of case should be carefully weighed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Report of experiences with bronchoscopy in a general hospital].

It is reported on 50 bronchoscopies which were performed in a Berlin general hospital in a period of one year. The preliminary conditions are discussed. It is particularly dealt with 13 diagnosed tumours. According to the experiences hitherto made, in realisation of the prerequisites described the bronchoscopy can be used for the rapid establishment of the diagnosis also in general hospitals. Cooperative relations to adequate highly specialised institutions are necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Cardiac rhythm disturbances during fiberoptic bronchoscopy: a prospective study.

Twenty-six patients undergoing transnasal fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) were electrocardiographically monitored for 12 hours before, during, and 12 hours after bronchoscopy. We measured arterial lidocaine concentrations during the procedure as well as arterial blood gases before and after the procedure. The incidence of total arrhythmias, including sinus tachycardia, during the control period was 69 percent; minor arrhythmias, 69 percent; and major arrhythmias, 8 percent. During FOB, the incidence of total and minor arrhythmias increased to 77 and 73 percent, respectively; however, the incidence of major arrhythmias decreased to 4 percent. Arterial lidocaine concentrations ranged widely, from 0.1 to 8.7 microgram per milliliter with a mean peak level of 5.0 +/- 0.6 microgram per milliliter, which was reached between 5 and 30 minutes after the insertion of the bronchoscope. We conclude that the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias, excluding sinus tachycardia, during FOB is low and that lidocaine anesthesia probably exerts a protective effect against the development of major arrhythmias during the procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Bacteremia and meningitis following fiberoptic bronchoscopy.

Bacteremia and meningitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae developed in a 52-year-old man 28 hours after an otherwise uncomplicated fiberoptic bronchoscopy. The patient responded to antimicrobial therapy and supportive care and later underwent pneumonectomy for carcinoma. This report reinforces previous observations that bacteremia may occasionally be associated with the performance of fiberoptic bronchoscopy.

Bronchoscopy↗
PubMed1979

An analysis of the first 300 fibreoptic bronchoscopies at the Brompton Hospital.

We report the results of the first 300 fibreoptic bronchoscopies carried out at the Brompton Hospital. Positive cell typing was possible in only 36% of the visible carcinomas in the first 150 patients, but in 74% of the second 150. The reasons for this difference are discussed. We suggest that fibreoptic bronchoscopy be carried out in district referral hospitals where sufficient experience can be gained to produce good results. Our results suggest that the trap specimen should be examined routinely for acid-fast bacilli, for malignant cells only if biopsy is negative and not at all for other bacteria. With experience good results can be obtained by physicians and the expertise gained is invaluable in the investigation and treatment of a wide range of patients, many of whom do not need surgical treatment.

Adolescent↗