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PubMedDate not supplied

Setting valid cut-off scores for competency.

Results of competency, or certification, tests can have serious consequences for individuals tested, for employers, and for the public. However, the validity of testing outcomes depends not only on the validity of the test's content but also on the validity of the score selected as the passing, or cut-off, score. This article describes procedures and techniques for use by staff development professionals to ensure systematic, rational, and defensible cut-off scores for competency tests.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1989

Human resource development: the management, planning and training of health personnel.

The morale of health personnel is fast becoming the major factor affecting both the sustainability and the quality of health care world-wide. Low morale mirrors problems ranging from declining balance of payments allocation to GNP, and a lack of support for the health system from the very top down to the rigid application of national pay, grading and career structures, and the stress of not being able to do the job properly. While many of these and other problems have been voiced again and again in the press and in the academic literature, much of the work on health manpower development has focused on the planning and production of personnel. This has been with the aim of producing specific categories of better-trained health workers with relevant qualifications, resulting in a heavy emphasis on a quantitative output. In this paper it is argued that the management of health personnel, the qualitative aspect of staff development, has been relatively neglected. Unless and until the management of human resource development receives the attention it needs, seeds of discontent, disillusion and dissatisfaction will ultimately lead to national health services losing their competitiveness as employers. The sustainability and quality of health programmes will then be in even greater jeopardy than they are at present. The planning, production and management components of health manpower development have developed haphazardly as verticle activities. A new term such as 'human resource development; the management of health personnel' might help ensure the concept of an integrated process contingent on economic, political, organizational and other important circumstances.

Career Mobility↗
PubMed1992

Selection of primary patients in a neonatal intensive care unit.

The motives for the selection of primary patients in a neonatal intensive care unit were identified by 34 participants in a series of staff development programs on primary nursing. Motives were identified and ranked in order of importance. These included: (1) medical problems; (2) continuity of care; (3) impression of parents; (4) impression of the infant; (5) altruism; (6) nurses' self-esteem; and (7) impression of other staff. This paper considers the potential impact of these motives on the ability of the nurse to fulfill the expectations of primary nursing practice.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computer-assisted instruction using electronic mail.

A major challenge to nursing staff development departments is how to reach individual staff members with new information in a limited period of time. Attendance at classroom instruction is not always feasible. The use of electronic mail to provide instruction to learners can be an effective teaching strategy. Advantages are immediate accessibility to the learner and the opportunity to tailor the program to meet specific hospital requirements or individual learning needs. Tips on how to develop and send instructional modules through electronic mail are included in this article.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1989

Pharmaceutical continuing-education program based on a core curriculum.

The use of a core curriculum concept in the establishment of a comprehensive continuing-education program is described. A departmental staff development committee was selected to develop a core curriculum of topics for professional continuing education. Six core curriculum areas of interest and importance were identified: cardiology; infectious disease; total parenteral nutrition, acid-base balance, and fluid and electrolytes; pharmacy management; critical-care medicine; and pharmacokinetics. Coordinators were selected from the staff to identify topics and speakers in each core curriculum area. The drug information center was assigned responsibility for logistical aspects of the program such as scheduling, evaluations, objectives, information support, and providing continuing-education credit. A survey of staff perceptions revealed a very positive view of the program. The staff rated the program highly as meeting their needs for continuing-education credit, as an employee benefit, and in covering topics related to their practice. The core curriculum concept has been shown to be a successful and effective approach to the establishment of a comprehensive continuing-education program.

Curriculum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Six hospitals describe decentralization, cost containment, and downsizing.

Decentralization, cost containment, and downsizing continue in full force as healthcare organizations continue to adapt to constant economic change. Hospitals are forced to take a second and third look at how health care is managed in order to survive. Six Northwest Florida hospitals were surveyed in an effort to explore current changes within the healthcare delivery system. This article provides both managers and staff with an overview of recent healthcare changes in an area of the country with implications for staff development.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1995

Job-related tension, self-esteem and psychological distress in rehabilitation professionals.

We examined perceptions of job-related tension among a non-random sample of 52 New Zealand rehabilitation service providers. We considered the relations between job tension and psychological distress and the extent to which feelings of self-esteem moderated this relationship. Major findings are that (a) there is a consistent positive relationship between job tension and general psychological distress; (b) there is a consistent negative relationship between self-esteem and both job tension and general distress; (c) self-esteem moderates the effect of job tension on general distress in that high levels of job tension were associated with increases in psychological distress among respondents with low self-esteem while among respondents with high-self esteem, job-related tension had little negative impact on feelings of psychological distress. Despite a number of limitations, the findings have a number of important implications for professional functioning among rehabilitation service providers and highlight the need for appropriate staff development and training initiatives which focus specifically on service provider wellbeing.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Keeping SARS out: an education program for SARS screeners in one Ontario hospital.

On March 14, 2003, the Ontario (Canada) Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care alerted healthcare providers about four cases of atypical pneumonia resulting in two deaths within a single family in Toronto, Ontario. These cases were just the first of many that occurred in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, in the months to come. This article describes one community hospital's response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) crisis and the important, although initially overlooked, role of staff development in keeping SARS out of this Ontario hospital.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Building bridges: from high school to healthcare professional.

A summer health careers program in existence for 10 years has created interest in high school juniors and seniors to pursue healthcare professions. This program, now open to all students, began as a recruitment initiative to encourage underrepresented minority and disadvantaged students to pursue health careers in a rural North Carolina county, a previous Health Professions Shortage Area (HPSA). Seventy percent (70%) of the 160 students who have participated in the program are pursuing or practicing a health profession, and of these, 50% chose nursing. Collaboration between an Area Health Education Center, a local community hospital, and county school system makes this program successful. The authors describe the history of this program and the importance of collaboration. A framework for the development of a summer program is summarized. Staff development educators can use this framework to develop outreach programs to recruit students into nursing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

An integrated approach to meta-analysis in alcohol studies.

The research design and methods utilized by the Collaborative Alcohol-Related Longitudinal Project are described. The project design addresses the critical need to develop procedures to assess the replicability of research results in alcohol studies. Key features of the research plan include: re-analysis of original data from multiple longitudinal studies of drinking behavior in the general population; centralization of all data analyses, developed and implemented by an interdisciplinary core staff; development of the research plan and interpretation of results in co-operation with original investigators of studies included in the project; and use of modeling procedures from meta-analysis to quantify the relative contribution of factors influencing the distribution of effect estimates across studies, including both methodological differences and aggregate level variables. The final section describes statistical methods for meta-analysis used by the project, including procedures for the calculation and combination of estimates of effect magnitude, categorical and continuous modeling procedures for use with effect sizes, and random effects models.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed2001

Safety makes sense: a program to prevent unintentional injuries in New York City public schools.

Estimates suggesting that 10% to 25% of unintentional injuries to school-aged children occur in and around American schools are alarming. Information from the National Health Information Survey indicates as many as 3.7 million children are injured in schools annually. To address these concerns, The New York Academy of Medicine and the Board of Education of the City of New York in 1998 launched Safety Makes Sense, a multidimensional school-based, injury prevention initiative. The Safety Makes Sense program integrates unintentional injury prevention into comprehensive school health education in elementary and middle school classrooms and is implemented by interdisciplinary teams within a coordinated school health program. The multifaceted program also integrates safety and music education, and includes development of a handbook for teachers and staff, student booklets, staff development training workshops, and evaluation.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed2004

Targeting community-dwelling urinary incontinence sufferers: a multi-disciplinary community based model for conservative continence services.

This paper presents an argument that there is a need to provide services that target community-dwelling incontinence sufferers, and presents a demonstration case study of a multi-disciplinary, community-based conservative model of service delivery: The Waterworx Model. Rationale for approaches taken, implementation of the model, evaluation and lessons learned are discussed. In this paper community-dwelling sufferers of urinary incontinence are identified as an underserved group, and useful information is provided for those wishing to establish services for them. The Waterworx Model of continence service delivery incorporates three interrelated approaches. Firstly, client access is achieved by using community-based services via clinic and home visits, creating referral pathways and active promotion of services. Secondly, multi-disciplinary client care is provided by targeting a specific client group, multi-disciplinary assessment, promoting client self-management and developing client knowledge and health literacy. Finally, interdisciplinary collaboration and linkages is facilitated by developing multidisciplinary assessment tools, using interdisciplinary referrals, staff development, multi-disciplinary management and providing professional education. Implementation of the model achieved greater client access, improvement in urinary incontinence and client satisfaction. Our experiences suggest that those suffering urinary incontinence and living in the community are an underserved group and that continence services should be community focussed, multi-disciplinary, generalist in nature.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The phenomenal shift report: a paradox.

The shift report, a seemingly routine event, presents a paradox of contradictions for nursing staff. Beyond the acknowledged purpose of information exchange and socialization, intershift reports also include elements of cultural disarray and powerlessness among the nursing staff. This literature review explores the implications for staff development at the unit level and for management. Recommendations are made for enhancing self-esteem and collegial support and for setting priorities for the shift report.

Forms and Records Control↗
PubMed2001

Using action learning in reflective practice.

Action learning encourages individuals to use reflective processes such as group support and self-directed learning. A staff development programme for nurses in a neurology unit adopted this approach. Action learning groups were used by staff nurses for six months and were evaluated through interviews and questionnaires. Nurses had positive experiences as they developed their practice through the support of others.

Humans↗
PubMed1997

The implications of Project 2000 and the formation of links with higher education for the professional and academic needs of nurse teachers in the United Kingdom.

A national study was conducted between 1991 and 1994 to explore and describe the changing role of the nurse teacher following the introduction of Project 2000 pre-registration nursing courses. Multiple methods were used to collect data from a wide variety of respondents (nurse teachers, midwife teachers, clinical nurses, health service managers and higher education lecturers). This paper presents the findings relating to the impact of Project 2000 and the move into higher education on the continuing educational needs of nurse teachers. Views on college strategies for staff development, the changing nature of teachers' academic and professional development needs and the problems of the conflicting demands experienced are reported. The research highlights the need for clinical credibility to be clearly defined in relation to nurse teachers and for educational institutions to place more emphasis on teachers' clinical development if the rhetoric of policy is to become a reality.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Establishment of a hospital-based simulation skills laboratory.

Today's healthcare environment requires that nurses be prepared for increasingly complex patient populations. Simultaneously, managers and educators are challenged to provide competency verification programs and continuing education opportunities with fewer resources. Hospital clinical educators share a staff development initiative of launching a unique simulation skills laboratory. The laboratory is designed to ensure nurses can meet the needs of patients in today's healthcare arena.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1998

A survey examining the attitudes of general dental practitioners toward change in undergraduate dental education.

AIM: To determine the attitudes of general dental practitioners toward aspects of change in undergraduate dental education. DESIGN: Descriptive postal survey using a cross-sectional random sample of general dental practitioners administered in 1997. SUBJECTS: 689 general dental practitioners practising in five regions of England with close proximity to a dental school selected by a one in two stratified random sample. RESULTS: Response rate: 70%. The questionnaire was both valid and reliable with an internal consistency reliability coefficient of 0.84. Responses identified strong support for preparing dental students for the wider role of the dentist and an emphasis toward self-directed learning. Other themes emerging from the investigation included support for learning to work as part of a dental team and for students to have experience of general dental practice early on in the undergraduate course. CONCLUSIONS: These responses have implications for curriculum design, syllabus, teaching methods, resources and staff development for dental schools in the UK.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ten tips to help learning.

Facilitating learning for nurses in the healthcare environment is challenging. These 10 tips are designed to help staff development educators explore ways to enhance learning. The emphasis is on active involvement of the learner, with the educator as facilitator rather than "teacher." Tips are evidence-based, specific, and to the point, with suggestions for implementation.

Faculty, Nursing↗