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At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

A microcomputer program for evaluating sampling error: an application to stereological methods for electron microscopy.

In situations where there is a need to minimize sampling error or sample size, the coefficient of variation (CV) may be used to evaluate sampling error as a function of the number of observations or subjects in a sample. For example, CV is useful for estimating the minimum number of electron micrographs (Nmin) required to obtain a representative field sample for stereological analysis. To facilitate the determination of Nmin, we have written a program (COEFficient) for DOS microcomputers which calculates CVs. COEF assists the user in reducing error to that which solely reflects biological variability, thereby minimizing the time and cost of subsequent analyses.

Microcomputers↗
PubMed1989

Microcomputer based differential diagnosis of dysmorphic syndromes.

Dysmorphic syndromes are characterized by associations of physical abnormalities depending in its diagnosis on the recognition of a particular pattern. Because of their multiplicity, the rarity of some of them, and the frequency of new reports, computerized data bases have proved useful as powerful tools assisting in the differential diagnosis. The role of artificial intelligence methods, in particular Expert Systems, as promising tools in helping physicians to perform a clinical diagnosis is underlined. Using a high level computer language presently used in the artificial intelligence field (Prolog), a microcomputer based system for the differential diagnosis of dysmorphic syndromes is described. Its capabilities and simplicity of use, derived from an efficient and attractive computer interface, are underlined. The need of performance assessment by evaluating its accuracy and usefulness before its introduction into genetic clinical practice is stressed. Finally, for the completeness of the knowledge base, the need of cooperation between international centers is emphasized.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Application of the microcomputer to the estimation of adult survivorship by indirect techniques.

This paper, the second in a series on the application of the microcomputer to the estimation of vital rates by indirect techniques, deals with the measurement of adult survivorship. Two of the most widely used techniques for the estimation of adult survivorship using indirect techniques are the Widowhood method and the Orphanhood method. A review of the Widowhood method, developed by Hill and Trussell, is given followed by a detailed description of the use of the computer program for the conditional regression variant of the method using data on age of respondents (widowed males or females). A full listing of the program, written in TRS-80 BASIC, is available on request. The program for the Orphanhood method will be given in a paper to follow.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MICRO-IDEA: improving decisions in epidemiological analysis by a microcomputer.

A microcomputer system has been designed to promote uniform and correct epidemiological data handling in the Local Health Units of the National Health Service in Italy. The system allows to define files of any format, to perform the common data manipulation procedures and to make simple statistical analyses. Two modules, based on artificial intelligence techniques, give the possibility to input from 'experts' and to update domain-specific knowledge concerning facts which characterize the application area covered by the file, and some consultation models which represent the reasoning to follow when solving problems of epidemiological data analysis. A decision support module allows an inexpert user to have access to these models, and to be guided in the choice of the appropriate procedure. The menu-driven interactive approach insures a friendly user-to-system interface, and entails a little training for effective use by health workers inexpert in informatics.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A microcomputer-based structured journal system for diseases of the female mammary gland.

A medical journal system for female patients with diseases of the mammary gland is described. The system is developed in a commercial database system, and is run by microcomputer. The system has been used for almost 3 years in a department with approximately 550 new patients referred per year. Experience from daily use in patient care, and as a tool for retrieval of medical and administrative data, is reported. Further development of the system is discussed.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1995

Assessing disruptive behaviors of nursing home residents: use of microcomputer technology to promote objectivity in planning nursing interventions.

1. Simultaneous recording of multiple behaviors, as well as their antecedents and consequences, is made possible with the use of microcomputers. 2. Objective identification of key environmental events provides significant assessment data to plan care for the person with dementia. 3. With a more precise assessment base through naturalistic observation of disruptive behaviors, management of these behaviors can affect, more positively, the quality of life of the nursing home resident.

Dementia↗
PubMed1986

Simple tailored microcomputer system for the obstetrical ultrasound laboratory.

As more sophisticated ultrasound instrumentation has become available, more complete and detailed examinations, including computer-manipulated data sheets, have been demanded by referring clinicians. In order to fill the clinical need, many suppliers have designed and promoted computer systems of unfortunately prohibitive costs. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the simplicity of designing a personally tailored data sheet and ease of programming one of the current commercially available microcomputers to perform the manipulations. Their use is outlined and encouraged.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1999

Using microcomputers to improve capital decision making.

Health care organizations have traditionally selected capital projects based on subjective measures such as medical staff priority, accreditation criteria, and regulations. In some cases, basic qualitative measures, such as payback period or profitability indices, have been used. The expected reduction in available capital that will result from changes in Medicare reimbursement and from managed care, as well as increased competition, will require health care decision makers to adopt more sophisticated methods of capital project evaluation in the future if they expect their organizations to remain viable. This article demonstrates, through the use of microcomputers and commonly used spreadsheet software, that the capital selection decision process can be improved and the optimal combination of projects, from a financial perspective, selected.

Capital Expenditures↗
PubMed1990

A microcomputer spreadsheet for aminoglycoside kinetics.

Development of an aminoglycoside monitoring program need not entail large capital expenditures for pharmacokinetic software. Microsoft's Excel spreadsheet was used to develop a single compartment, first-order kinetics template for individualized aminoglycoside dosing. The formulas employed may be adapted to virtually any other microcomputer spreadsheet package to provide accurate professional results.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of drug interaction microcomputer software: comparative study.

Twelve drug interaction microcomputer software programs were evaluated and compared using general and specific criteria. This article summarizes and compares the features, ratings, advantages, and disadvantages of each program. Features of an ideal drug interaction program are noted. Recommended programs based on three price ranges are suggested.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of drug-food/nutrient interactions microcomputer software programs.

Eight drug-food/nutrient interaction microcomputer software programs were evaluated and compared using specific criteria defined for these programs. This article summarizes and compares the features, ratings, advantages, and disadvantages of each program. There are no excellent drug-food/nutrient interactions programs. Three programs performed equally well and should be considered. These are Medicom Micro, Drug Therapy Screening System and RxTriage.

Clinical Pharmacy Information Systems↗
PubMed1990

Improving drug usage evaluation with microcomputer database software.

The use of microcomputer database software can help overcome many of the potential weaknesses of criteria-based drug usage evaluation (DUE) through the collection and assessment of drug use statistics on a broad basis. By allowing for more systematic and comprehensive data analyses, database software can target the selection of the most appropriate DUE topics; improve the accuracy, efficiency, and acceptance of DUE reports; and enhance the overall therapeutic- and cost-effectiveness of drug use in the institutional setting. The development of antibiotic use statistics in the area of surgical prophylaxis is presented as an example, with recommendations for similar applications in other therapeutic areas.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of IV compatibility microcomputer software programs.

Four microcomputer software programs that contain IV compatibility information were evaluated using specific criteria for these programs. This article compares scope of coverage, quality of clinical documentation, frequency updates, and clinical performance for these programs. There are no excellent IV compatibility programs. Of the programs tested, Micromedex performed the best. Therapeutic Software is not considered a comprehensive IV compatibility program. IV-Check PC and Medicom Micro performed equally well.

Clinical Pharmacy Information Systems↗
PubMed1992

Pediatric emergency information sheet using a microcomputer.

Calculating the appropriate dosage of a drug and the right equipment size during an emergency situation can be a time-consuming, frustrating, and error-prone process, considering the shortage of time during a resuscitation. A microcomputer program was developed to aid in the care of pediatric patients in emergency or 'code' situations. This is accomplished by use of a printout of a patient-specific chart for most needed critical care drugs and equipment used during an emergency. This program is written in "C" language and is menu-driven.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1992

Survey of clinical pharmacokinetic software for microcomputers.

Twelve distributors of pharmacokinetic software programs for microcomputers were surveyed to determine scope of drug coverage; the pharmacokinetics models, methods, and equations used; hardware requirements including use of math coprocessor, random access memory (RAM) required, storage space, printer support and mouse use; software features including availability of windows, pull-down menus, context sensitive help, graphical representation of data, ability to export data including to ASCII file and ability to store patient data; availability of support including toll-free telephone numbers, 24-hour support and clinical consultations; costs; and frequency of updates.

Clinical Pharmacy Information Systems↗
PubMed1995

Evaluation of drug interaction microcomputer software: an updated comparison.

Nine drug interaction microcomputer software programs were evaluated and compared using clinical and general ease of use criteria. Descriptions of major changes or additions since the last review are detailed. The ability to screen for drug interactions was based on recent drug-drug and drug-food interactions. Recommended programs based on three price ranges are suggested.

CD-ROM↗
PubMed1990

Drug interaction microcomputer software evaluation: Drug Therapy Screening System (DTSS).

Drug Therapy Screening System (DTSS) was evaluated using general and specific criteria. The installation process, ease of learning and use, the user documentation, and the technical support were rated excellent. The scope of coverage, the quality of the clinical documentation, and overall clinical performance were also excellent. The frequency of updates is good. The program is one of the best microcomputer drug interaction software packages evaluated by the authors thus far, because of its comprehensiveness, simplicity in use, and quality of its drug interaction information. The relatively high annual cost may limit its attractiveness.

Drug Information Services↗
PubMed1982

Autopsy pathology storage and coding by microcomputer.

Storage and coding of anatomic pathology data usually is accomplished by expensive main frame systems. The authors of this article have developed a microcomputer based program package for autopsy pathology which stores patient demographic data, provisional or final anatomic diagnoses, and coded diagnoses obtained from an on-line Systematized Nomenclature of Pathology (SNOP) code lexicon. The system includes limited text editor functions as well as rapid data retrieval with the generation of final reports. Data files containing SNOP codes and diagnoses are searched easily by a variety of parameters, making data retrieval of autopsy material simple and efficient.

Abstracting and Indexing↗