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PubMed2026

Risk Factors for Long-Term Health-Related Quality-of-Life and Mental Health Outcomes in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often leads to long-term disability, including persistent mental health issues and lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Early interventions can improve recovery, but because resources limit routine monitoring of all patients, trauma care remains largely symptom-driven. The combination of long-term disability and limited capacity for routine follow-up highlights the need for risk-stratified follow-up care and reliable evidence on early prognostic factors. However, the existing literature is sparse and methodologically heterogeneous, limiting the clinical applicability of findings. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify early risk factors for poorer long-term mental health and HRQoL outcomes. A systematic search of seven electronic databases identified studies of adult patients with TBI, with outcomes assessed at least 6 months postdischarge. Two authors independently screened the studies, assessed the risk of bias, and extracted the data. We pooled effect estimates using a random-effects meta-analysis and calculated 95% prediction intervals. A narrative synthesis was applied when meta-analysis was not feasible. The review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024576912) and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Of the 8,104 articles screened, 64 studies met the inclusion criteria (n = 334,672). Most studies (58%) had a low risk of bias. Female sex, socioeconomic disadvantage, psychiatric history, assaultive-related injuries, and previous TBI were consistently associated with worse long-term outcomes. Across meta-analyses, assault-related injuries more than doubled the odds of post-traumatic stress disorder (odds ratio [OR] = 2.72; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.01-3.66, I2 = 0%). Higher odds were also observed among females (OR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.11-1.59, I2 = 0%), individuals with prior TBI (OR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.07-2.27, I2 = 0%), and those with psychiatric history (OR = 2.38; 95% CI: 1.83-3.10, I2 = 48%). We found that female sex (OR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.38-2.16, I2 = 58%), prior TBI (OR = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.25-1.85, I2 = 0%), and psychiatric history (OR = 3.25; 95%CI: 1.86-5.69, I2 = 98%) were associated with higher odds of depression. Furthermore, higher pooled anxiety scores were observed in females and in individuals with a psychiatric history. The study identified several readily available factors present before or at discharge that are associated with poor long-term HRQoL and mental health outcomes. Leveraging these factors in follow-up protocols, prediction modeling, and clinical decision support systems may facilitate risk-stratified postdischarge care for TBI patients.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Spatial proximity or vector orientation? Re-evaluating ECG interpretation in anterior myocardial infarction using cardiac magnetic resonance.

BACKGROUND: The electrocardiogram (ECG) is widely used to infer infarct location and extent in anterior myocardial infarction (MI), based on either anatomical lead proximity or vectorial orientation of ST-segment deviation. However, the validity of these approaches against direct imaging of myocardial injury remains uncertain. METHODS: In this prospective study, 105 patients with anterior MI underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging 3-7 days after presentation. Admission ECGs were analyzed using (1) conventional ECG localization categories, and (2) simplified frontal and horizontal ST-axis orientation. CMR-defined injury distribution was assessed using late gadolinium enhancement and myocardial edema imaging. RESULTS: Conventional ECG localization categories demonstrated no significant association with CMR-defined infarct distribution (P = 0.24), with poor agreement (κ = 0.122) and substantial overlap across categories. Simplified ST-axis orientation showed modest and inconsistent associations with infarct location and did not meaningfully explain infarct size. In contrast, global ST-segment burden was associated with CMR-defined infarct size (ΣSTE: standardized β = 0.307, P = 0.002; lead count: standardized β = 0.267, P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: In this selected cohort of reperfused LAD-related anterior STEMI patients undergoing early CMR, conventional ECG localization categories and simplified ST-axis orientation showed poor or inconsistent correspondence with CMR-defined infarct distribution, whereas global ST-segment burden showed a modest association with infarct size. These findings suggest that, in this cohort, the ECG may be better suited to reflect the extent of myocardial injury rather than its precise anatomical location.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

The effect of zalunfiban on high sensitivity cardiac troponin and the association with clinical outcomes in patients with STEMI.

BACKGROUND: Among individuals with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), a single subcutaneous injection of the short-acting glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor blocker antagonist zalunfiban at first medical contact significantly improved the primary outcome including clinical endpoints. The impact of zalunfiban on Myocardial Infarction (MI) size and association with downstream outcomes remains unclear. METHODS: In a prespecified analysis, we studied results among study participants treated with 2 doses of zalunfiban who had core laboratory measurements concentrations of hs-cTnT. RESULTS: More elevated hs-cTnT concentrations at presentation were associated with less resolution of ST deviation (P = .006) and more frequent Q wave development (P < .001). At coronary angiography more elevated hs-cTnT at presentation was associated with higher thrombus grade and worse epicardial and myocardial perfusion (all P < .05). In multivariable analyses, higher hs-cTnT concentrations at 24 hours were associated with greater adjusted risk for all-cause death (odds ratio [OR] 1.83 per log unit increase; P = .03), cardiovascular death (OR 1.83 per log unit increase; P = .03), heart failure (OR 2.74 per log unit increase; P < .001) or the composite of death and heart failure (P < .001) by 30 days. At 24 hours, those treated with zalunfiban had lower hs-cTnT compared to placebo (P = .04) and across multiples ≥ 10 to ≥ 1,000 times elevation, treatment with zalunfiban resulted in smaller hs-cTnT determined MI size. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with STEMI, more elevated concentrations of hs-cTnT are associated with worse measures of reperfusion and higher-risk for short-term death or heart failure. A single dose of zalunfiban at first medical contact reduced MI size. TRIAL REGISTRATION: A phase 3 study of zalunfiban in subjects with ST-elevation MI (CELEBRATE); NCT04825743.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Optimization of a niosomal formulation for Quercetin delivery: Comparative effects on growth performance, antioxidant and immune responses, and disease resistance against Streptococcus iniae in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Quercetin (QUR) is a flavonoid with antibacterial and antioxidant properties that has been studied for its effects on fish health and the immune system. Due to the low bioavailability of QUR, the present study was primarily aimed at developing a niosomal formulation of QUR to enhance its bioavailability and therapeutic properties. The performance of niosomal QUR was then compared with that of its free form by evaluating their effects on the growth and immune system of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. For this purpose, an optimal QUR-containing niosome was formulated by testing different proportions of cholesterol, surfactant, and stabilizer, and the niosomes were then added to the fish diet. A QUR-free diet and a diet containing QUR-free niosomes (QFN) were considered control groups. Niosomes prepared at low hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) values showed higher QUR entrapment efficiency (QUR-EE%) (P < 0.01). An increase in the molar ratio of cholesterol to surfactant significantly reduced QUR-EE% (P < 0.05). A surfactant/cholesterol/stabilizer ratio of 1:1:0.1 increased QUR-EE% (P < 0.05). The particle size of the niosomes was also affected by HLB and the surfactant/cholesterol/stabilizer ratio. Low HLB values resulted in smaller particle sizes (P < 0.01). Furthermore, a surfactant/cholesterol/stabilizer ratio of 1:1:0.1 resulted in the smallest niosomal particle size (P < 0.05). The presence of diacetyl phosphate as the stabilizer in the formulation improved the niosomal zeta potential to -40.55 mV. The optimal niosomal formulation (HLB = 6.6; surfactant/cholesterol/stabilizer ratio of 1:1:0.1) remained stable at 2 °C over 10 days of storage, as the niosomal QUR content and size did not show significant changes during this period (P > 0.01). After preparation of the diets containing the optimal niosomal QUR, fish were fed the experimental diets for two months. QUR, in both niosomal and free forms, resulted in better growth performance than the QUR-free diets (P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in growth performance between the free and niosomal forms of QUR; however, 500 mg/kg QUR showed significantly better growth performance than 250 mg/kg QUR (P < 0.01). Although both the niosomal and free forms of QUR enhanced immune and antioxidant components in the fish, the effects of the niosomal form were more significant (P < 0.01). In addition, QUR in both free and niosomal forms reduced fish mortality after challenge with Streptococcus iniae. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the niosomal form of QUR has strong potential for improving the immune system of fish and increasing resistance to S. iniae infection.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Physical Appearance Anxiety and Eating Disorders Symptomatology: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The present study aimed to assess the link between physical appearance anxiety (PAA) and eating disorder (ED) symptomatology by a meta-analysis of existing literature. Eligible studies were searched across six electronic databases up until November 20, 2025. Pooled effect sizes (r) were calculated using random-effects models. Potential variables that influence effect heterogeneity were analyzed by univariable and multivariable meta-regressions. Influence analyses and a three-parameter selection model (3PSM) were used to assess robustness of the results and publication bias. Twenty-seven effect sizes from 21 studies (N = 5261) were obtained. The results indicated a strong association (i.e., r = 0.559) between the two variables under consideration, which was notably stronger (i) among females compared to males; and (ii) for overall eating disorder symptoms rather than bulimic symptoms. The results of this study advocate for further investigation into the effectiveness of addressing anxiety responses related to personal body traits, particularly among females, within the context of preventing and treating eating disorders.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Vestibular schwannoma associated normal pressure hydrocephalus: clinical features and shunt responsiveness compared with idiopathic NPH.

BACKGROUND: Vestibular schwannoma (VS) is commonly associated with obstructive hydrocephalus due to mass effect; however, a rarer communicating form resembling normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) has also been described, possibly related to impaired CSF absorption from elevated CSF protein. We aimed to characterize the clinical and imaging features of VS-associated NPH (VS-NPH) and compare them with those of an idiopathic NPH (iNPH) cohort. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 18 patients with VS-NPH identified between 2008 and 2024. For comparison, 41 iNPH patients were drawn from a prospective longitudinal study at our center. Variables included demographics, tumor size, VS treatment modality, CSF parameters, Radscale imaging features, and shunt responsiveness. RESULTS: VS-NPH patients had markedly higher CSF protein levels than patients with iNPH (median 100 vs. 51 mg/dL, p < 0.001). Radiological features largely overlapped; however, parasagittal sulcal narrowing was more frequent in VS-NPH (61 % vs.13 %, p = 0.002). These differences remained significant in the sensitivity analysis excluding the two patients without gait impairment. VS-NPH patients were younger in the primary analysis (66.8 vs. 72.0 years, p = 0.03), while exploratory associations between larger tumor size and both earlier NPH symptom onset (r = -0.48, p = 0.049) and smaller callosal angle (r = -0.49, p = 0.048) attenuated to non-significant trends in the sensitivity analysis. Tumor size was < 30 mm in 89 % of patients. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) resulted in clinical improvement in both groups, although response rates were numerically lower in VS-NPH than in iNPH (63 % vs.75 %). CTT was positive in 9 of 11 VS-NPH patients who underwent testing, although improvement after shunting also occurred in patients with negative CTT results or without prior CTT. CONCLUSIONS: VS-NPH may represent a secondary subtype of NPH with distinct biochemical and subtle imaging features. Elevated CSF protein may contribute to altered CSF dynamics. These findings are exploratory and require confirmation in larger prospective studies.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Activity shapes large herbivores' ecological influences.

The ecological effects of large herbivores are shaped by their spatial and temporal patterns of activity (i.e. where, when and how intensely they use specific locations). When large herbivores' ecological influences are perceived to be undesirable, the traditional approach has been to reduce their population size. This numbers-first logic assumes that ecological effects scale primarily with abundance. We argue that this framing provides an incomplete understanding of large herbivores' ecological impacts. Using African elephants (Loxodonta africana) as a well-documented case study, we show that ecological effects on plants, animals and ecosystem processes correlate more with spatio-temporal patterns of activity than with population size. In large, open systems characterized by strong gradients of water availability, forage quality, shade and risk, elephants concentrate into predictable hotspots while relaxing activity elsewhere, generating localized impacts and opportunities for recovery. By contrast, in small, fenced or fragmented landscapes, where movements are constrained, and gradients are weak, spatial self-regulation breaks down, producing homogenized use and widespread ecological effects. We contend that understanding where, when and under what constraints herbivores use space provides a more general and mechanistic basis for interpreting ecological influence than abundance alone, with implications that extend beyond elephants to large herbivores globally.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Outcomes and Associated Prognostic Factors for Orthograde Canal Obturation Using Ortho MTA III: A Randomised Prospective Clinical Trial.

AIM: To prospectively compare treatment outcomes for orthograde canal obturation using Ortho MTA III (OMTA) with the continuous wave of compaction (CWC) using gutta-percha (GP) and AH Plus sealer, and to identify associated predictive factors. METHODOLOGY: Informed consent was obtained (110 patients), and single- or two-rooted permanent teeth (n = 120) diagnosed with pulp necrosis (or previously treated) and asymptomatic apical periodontitis or chronic apical abscess (periapical index, PAI ≥ 3) were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 60/group). The canals were prepared to a minimal apical size #40 (ISO) based on their initial file size, disinfected and obturated by either CWC or OMTA using an enhanced disinfection protocol (GP disinfected, new gloves after each intraoperative radiograph and before starting obturation). Clinical and periapical radiographic examinations were conducted by two calibrated, independent endodontists during follow-up periods of at least 12 months. Success rates and associated predictive factors (tooth-, operator- and patient-related) were analysed statistically using binary and multiple logistic regression (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The median recall period was 30 months (14-48 months), and 104 teeth were finally analysed (recall rate: 86.67%). No significant differences in success rate were observed between the groups (p > 0.05) under both loose (OMTA: 88.24%, CWC: 83.02%) and strict criteria (OMTA: 64.71%, CWC: 58.49%). Multivariate analysis revealed that age (OR = 5.735, 95% CI: 1.286-25.577, p = 0.022), periapical lesion size (OR = 6.596, 95% CI: 1.397-31.138, p = 0.017) and PAI score (OR = 2.081, 95% CI: 1.047-4.136, p = 0.036) were significant predictors of treatment failure. CONCLUSIONS: Orthograde obturation of infected canals with Ortho MTA III demonstrated comparable success and treatment outcomes to those filled with GP and sealer by CWC, supporting its potential as a clinically viable alternative for the obturation of infected root canals. TRIAL REGISTRATION: cris.nih.go.kr registration number: KCT00099939.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Red Fox Populations (Vulpes vulpes L., 1758) in Natural and Anthropogenic Isolation.

This study presents a comparative analysis of the genetic structure and diversity of three red fox (Vulpes vulpes L.) populations representing different microevolutionary scenarios: panmixia (free-ranging Belarusian foxes), geographic isolation (free-ranging Scottish foxes), and anthropogenic selection (farm-bred foxes). Using a validated set of STR markers, multivariate statistical analysis was conducted to assess the genetic structure and the degree of genetic erosion across the studied groups. The wild red fox population in Belarus has been shown to maintain a state close to panmixia (PHWE = 0.090), characterized by a high effective population size (Ne = 694) and high allelic diversity. The island population from Scotland exhibits moderate gene pool depletion (Ne = 75.9) and a pronounced heterozygote deficiency (FIS = 0.18). Critical genetic erosion, which was characterized by a minimal effective population size (Ne = 60.2) and allelic fixation, was detected in the farm-bred group. The genetic distance between farm-bred and wild foxes (FST = 0.279; p = 0.001) reflects both the phylogeographic divergence between the Nearctic ancestors of farmed lineages and Palearctic wild populations, and the consequences of prolonged anthropogenic isolation, genetic drift, and selective breeding. These data indicate that artificial isolation and the impacts of genetic drift and targeted selection lead to a substantial depletion of the species' adaptive potential.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

A genome-wide coverage-based pipeline for the identification of host-derived candidate DNA biomarkers from cell-free blood.

We have created a new data-analysis pipeline for the discovery of host-specific candidate DNA biomarkers derived from sequencing data of cell-free blood. Unlike approaches that rely on specific molecular or genetic signatures, our method leverages the coverage distribution of cell-free DNA sequences mapped to a reference genome, applying statistical analyses to identify informative short genomic regions for biomarker discovery. The pipeline is applicable to diverse diseases and can be used to analyze cell-free DNA sequences from plasma or serum to identify candidate biomarkers that are characteristic of disease states in mammals. Core functionalities were developed in Java and integrated with open-source software tools for the preprocessing of raw sequencing data, complemented by Python scripts for the machine-learning analysis and statistical validation. The pipeline is designed for HPC use and users can access the pipeline through a Galaxy workflow, which offers a user-friendly web interface for input selection prior to execution and analysis progress monitoring. Performance tests, carried out using duplicate sets of COVID-19 samples and controls, showed linear scalability of execution time with an increasing dataset size, as well as a substantial reduction in execution time through parallelized computation, whereby each HPC node is used to process the data of one chromosome. Further statistical tests confirmed the quality of the pipeline's results by showing that the set of identified candidate biomarkers remained stable across varying dataset sizes.

Biomarkers↗

PubMed2026

Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of RIPK1 inhibitor, SAR443820, in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (HIMALAYA): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial.

BACKGROUND: RIPK1, a protein regulating inflammatory signalling and cell death, is implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pathophysiology. SAR443820 is a selective, oral, CNS-penetrant, reversible RIPK1 inhibitor. We aimed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of SAR443820 in participants with ALS. METHODS: This multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial was conducted at 63 clinical sites in 13 countries (Belgium, Canada, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Sweden, the UK, and the USA). Adults (aged 18-80 years) with a diagnosis of possible ALS, clinically probable ALS, clinically probable laboratory-supported ALS, or clinically definite ALS, in accordance with the revised El Escorial World Federation of Neurology criteria, were randomly assigned (2:1) by use of a stratified block design (blocks of three) to receive either 20 mg SAR443820 orally twice per day or matching placebo in the 24-week double-blind period. Randomisation was done centrally using interactive response technology and stratified by geographical region of trial site, region of ALS onset, use of riluzole, use of edaravone, and use of the combination of sodium phenylbutyrate and taurursodiol. Participants, care providers, investigators, and outcomes assessors were masked to trial intervention. The primary outcome was a change in ALS Functional Rating Scale Revised (ALSFRS-R) total score from baseline to week 24 and was calculated for all participants who had an ALSFRS-R total score available at baseline and at week 24. Safety analyses included all randomly assigned participants receiving one dose or more of trial intervention. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05237284) and was terminated early. FINDINGS: Between April 13, 2022, and July 17, 2023, 397 participants were screened and 305 randomly assigned to SAR443820 (n=203) or placebo (n=102); six were excluded from the primary analysis due to missing baseline ALSFRS-R values. Mean age was 56·9 years (SD 11·5); 183 (60%) participants were male and 122 (40%) were female. Least squares mean change in ALSFRS-R from baseline to week 24 was -6·73 (95% CI -7·48 to -5·98) for SAR443820 group (n=169) and -6·32 (-7·36 to -5·27) for placebo group (n=87). There was no statistically significant difference between the study groups (least squares mean difference -0·41 [95% CI -1·71 to 0·88]). Participants in the SAR443820 group had higher incidence of adverse events (171 [85%] of 202 vs placebo 80 [78%] of 102) and treatment discontinuations (28 [14%] of 202 vs placebo five [5%] of 102), with elevated hepatic enzymes being the most common cause. Nine deaths occurred in the double-blind period (seven [3%] of 202 in the SAR443820 group and two [2%] of 102 in the placebo group); none was attributed to SAR443820. INTERPRETATION: SAR443820 did not show clinical benefit and was associated with higher hepatic enzyme increase, indicating that further clinical development of SAR443820 in ALS is not warranted. FUNDING: Sanofi.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Machine learning-ready genomic biomarkers: ATF3 polymorphisms predict postoperative analgesic demand through AI-compatible phenotyping.

PURPOSE: To determine whether ATF3 polymorphisms can serve as genetic biomarkers for machine learning-based precision analgesia by establishing a genotype-phenotype association suitable for predictive modeling of postoperative opioid requirements. METHODS: In a prospective cohort of 167 adults undergoing abdominal surgery, ATF3 SNPs rs3122721 and rs3125293 were genotyped. A structured dataset architecture was developed to represent genetic profiles as input features for supervised learning models, enabling translational analysis of genotype‑dependent opioid consumption over 72 h. RESULTS: Patients with homozygous genotypes of the ATF3 SNPs had significantly higher opioid requirements than non‑carriers, despite reporting similar subjective pain scores. This consistent genotype‑dependent pattern provided a clinically relevant phenotype suitable for integration into predictive algorithms. CONCLUSION: ATF3 genotyping offers a promising biomarker for computationally informed precision analgesia. By linking genomic variability to clinically meaningful outcomes within a structured clinical and genomic framework, this approach supports the future development of risk-stratified clinical decision-support systems to optimize postoperative pain management.Trial registration ChiCTR1900021991, registered 30 April 2019. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s13755-026-00480-9.

ATF3↗

PubMed2026

From population to individual: advocating personalised digital tools for heat-health early warning in a changing climate.

Escalating heat extremes under climate change are imposing substantial health burdens, with 2023 and 2024 consecutively breaking global temperature records. Mounting evidence suggests that heatwaves elevate the risks of hospitalisation and mortality across multiple disease categories, including ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and acute kidney injury. Nonetheless, most existing heat-health warning systems remain primarily reliant on population-level predictions, and considering individual differences and disease-specific considerations when defining warning levels would benefit the effectiveness of early prevention for high-risk groups. In this Viewpoint, which is based on the framework of precision public health-delivering the right intervention to the right population at the right time-we propose a framework for personalised digital heat-health early warning tools comprising three dimensions: individualised, risk-stratified prediction models that generate tiered early warnings; personalised health prompts coupled with theory-informed behavioural interventions; and adaptive, equity-oriented alert delivery mechanisms tailored to diverse populations. Such tools have the potential to bridge precision disease prevention and climate adaptation, thereby helping to mitigate heat exposure risks and disease burdens, particularly among high-risk populations. Future implementation research will be essential to address substantial challenges related to feasibility, validation, and equity.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2026

Postoperative hypotony after retinectomy in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

We estimate the incidence of postoperative hypotony after retinectomy performed during rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery and explore clinical, surgical, and methodological factors associated with hypotony risk. We include human clinical studies reporting postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) outcomes after retinectomy or retinotomy for retinal detachment. Postoperative hypotony was defined as IOP ≤ 6 mmHg, with alternative thresholds (≤5 or ≤3 mmHg) retained for sensitivity analyses. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool hypotony incidence, with prespecified subgroup and sensitivity analyses according to retinectomy extent, tamponade strategy, hypotony definition, assessment timepoint, and vitrectomy gauge size. Study-level associations with visual outcomes and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) severity were also explored. Thirty-three studies comprising 2673 eyes were included. The pooled incidence of postoperative hypotony was 13.71% (95% CI, 10.40-17.40), with substantial heterogeneity (I² = 83.2%). Hypotony incidence did not increase linearly with retinectomy extent, and similar rates were observed for extents of 180°-269° and ≥ 270°. Stricter hypotony definitions and later postoperative assessment timepoints were associated with a higher reported incidence. A significant negative association was observed between hypotony incidence and visual improvement rates (Spearman ρ = -0.47, p = 0.03). In contrast, no significant study-level difference in hypotony incidence was observed according to PVR severity grouping or vitrectomy gauge size. Postoperative hypotony after retinectomy is a frequent and clinically relevant complication, moderately associated with poorer visual outcomes and influenced by methodological factors rather than retinectomy extent alone.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

The relationship between composite dietary antioxidant index and odds of depression: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies.

BACKGROUND: Recently, the association between the composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) score and depression has received special attention from researchers. However, this possible association has not been comprehensively examined. Thus, the present study aims to comprehensively assess the relationship between CDAI score and depression odds. METHODS: A thorough literature search was performed using Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science up to November 2025. Observational studies assessing the relationship between CDAI score and depression odds were included. The odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) reported in each study were extracted, and a pooled effect size was calculated using a random-effects model with inverse-variance weighting. RESULTS: Four observational studies were included in the current systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled effect size indicated that a higher CDAI score was associated with lower odds of depression (OR:0.62; 95%CI: 0.51-0.76, I2 = 48.5%; P-value = 0.121). In an exploratory linear dose-response analysis based on two eligible studies, no significant association was observed between a one-unit increase in CDAI score and the odds of depression (OR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.91-1.02; I2 = 92.2%; P-value<0.001). Given the limited number of studies and substantial heterogeneity, these findings should be interpreted cautiously. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that higher CDAI scores, reflecting greater adherence to antioxidant-rich dietary patterns, are associated with lower odds of depression.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Building phenotypic character matrices for phylogenetic inference: exploration of 35 years of practice.

Recent methodological development in phylogenetic inference has focused predominantly on molecular data. However, renewed interest in other data types, particularly morphological data, has followed from the increased recognition of the power of total evidence and tip-dating approaches, including fossil data, for inference of time-scaled trees and rates of evolution. However, attention has largely focused on the improvement of models of morphological evolution and other analytical tools with much less discussion about data acquisition itself. Here we review past and current practice for describing and collecting morphological data for phylogenetic inference. We present a systematic review of 164 phylogenetic analyses conducted over the last 35 years and focused on a diverse group of extinct arthropods: trilobites. Trends in increasing matrix size, data type, and coding strategy are evident. Where present, polymorphic characters have been predominantly derived from discretized continuous characters, although increasingly practitioners are utilizing alternative approaches for the treatment of quantitative characters. Not surprisingly, traditional indices that describe character consistency are highly correlated with matrix size but show surprising variation at different taxonomic scales. More recent attempts to describe data quality using information theory imply that characters can have high information content even if data are missing for many tips, providing support against the exclusion of characters because of missing data. In consideration of this, as well as advances in the study of developmental biology and variational complexity, we identify several avenues for increasing the quality and quantity of morphological data going forward.

Phylogeny↗

PubMed2026

Towards microplastic bioremediation: Fungal degradation of pristine and pretreated high-density polyethylene and polystyrene.

Microplastic (MP) contamination has become a significant ecological issue because of its enduring existence in the ecosystem and its possible negative impacts. Therefore, using degrading strategies to eliminate these stubborn polymers has been a subject of scientific research. However, the currently used degradation methods are relatively inefficient. Given the pervasiveness of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and Polystyrene (PS) and their resistance to biodegradability, disposal strategies are critical and must be addressed. This manuscript examines the biodegradation of pristine and UV-treated HDPE and PS MPs by Aspergillus flavus species in minimal growth media over 70 days. The maximum weight loss observed at 70 days for pristine HDPE and PS in sole carbon source (SCS) media was (29.33 ± 0.28) % and (17.67 ± 0.35) %, respectively. Whereas, for UV-treated HDPE and PS MPs, the % weight reduction was (33 ± 0.21) % and (25 ± 0.19) %, respectively. UV-treated MPs exhibited greater weight reduction, as UV induced oxygenated functional groups enhance polymer susceptibility to enzymes, thereby promoting biodegradation. HDPE MPs typically show a higher proportion of particles in the lower size range compared to PS MPs. This assertion was based on the weight loss, particle size distribution, and SEM analysis. Furthermore, chemical changes were evaluated using Fourier transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, which also displayed chemical oxidation occurring during biodegradation. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) results indicate that UV pretreatment enhances biodegradability by promoting chain scission. These findings further suggest that this fungus's natural and ubiquitous occurrence in terrestrial and marine environments may actively contribute to MP biodegradation while requiring few nutrients.

Microplastics↗

PubMed2026

Psychometric Evaluation of the Breast Inflammatory Symptom Severity Index Versions 2 and 3 Among Lactating Women.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the psychometric properties of Versions 2 and 3 of the Breast Inflammatory Symptom Severity Index (BISSI). DESIGN: Secondary data analysis of clinical trial data. SETTING: Private physiotherapy practices, a public tertiary hospital, and a community in Melbourne, Australia. PARTICIPANTS: Women more than 7 days after birth with inflammatory conditions of the lactating breast (N = 43). METHODS: We performed confirmatory factor analysis of the BISSI Version 2 to examine item loading, which informed development of the BISSI Version 3 (V3). We assessed convergent validity by comparing total BISSI V3 scores with human milk sodium to potassium ratio (Na+:K+) at Trial Days 1, 3, and 10 using Bland-Altman plots. We compared item-level scores for size of affected area with objective receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to assess discriminant validity for symptom severity and Cronbach's alpha for internal reliability. RESULTS: After confirmatory factor analysis, we removed two items, resulting in a six-item BISSI V3. All retained items demonstrated comparable loading on the overall scale. Limits of agreement for total BISSI V3 scores and item-level scores for size of affected area were acceptable at all time points, with more than 90% of observations falling within 2 standard deviations of the mean difference, supporting convergent validity. Discriminant validity of the BISSI V3 was supported. We found high internal reliability at both time points CONCLUSION: Our findings provide evidence for the validity and reliability of the BISSI V3 and support its continued development and for clinical use of the BISSI V3 and human milk Na+:K+ analysis to enhance management of inflammatory conditions of the lactating breast.

breastfeeding↗