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Results for “FLUORIDE POISONING”

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PubMed1973

Overnutrition.

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Copper↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fluorosis in a wild cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) population inhabiting a petrochemical waste site.

We have developed an in situ mammalian model for evaluating environmental contamination using wild cotton rats. In a series of experiments, 200 male cotton rats were captured during 4 collection periods (spring 1991 = 35; fall 1991 = 60; spring 1992 = 53; fall 1992 = 52). A total of 103 of these cotton rats were captured from control sites, and the remaining 97 were captured from an abandoned oil refinery. All sites were located in the vicinity of Cyril, Oklahoma. There were alterations in the incisors of cotton rats captured from the refinery site. Normal color of cotton rat incisors is deep yellow-orange, which is imparted by a pigment normally produced by ameloblasts. Grossly, the upper incisors of 37 of 97 rats and lower incisors of 54 of 97 rats were affected. The affected incisors were white, chalky, and thin with striations and erosions of the enamel. Microscopic examination revealed that there were dysplastic and necrotic changes in the ameloblasts. The bone fluoride levels were significantly higher in rats captured from the refinery as compared to the rats captured from the control sites.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Endemic fluorosis of the skeleton: radiographic features in 127 patients.

OBJECTIVE: A wide range of radiographic appearances have been reported in skeletal fluorosis, but little has been written about the spectrum of radiographic features. We evaluated the spectrum of radiographic appearances in this disorder to help with its diagnosis and differentiation from other metabolic skeletal disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred twenty-seven patients with clinically proved endemic fluorosis had radiographs of the chest, spine, pelvis, elbow, forearm, and knee obtained. The radiographic findings were classified as osteosclerosis, osteopenia, intermittent growth lines, diaphyseal widening, or soft-tissue ossification. Two different osteopenic patterns were defined: an osteoporotic pattern with overall decreased bone density and an osteomalacic pattern that combines the features of osteoporosis with bone deformity. Soft-tissue ossification included involvement of ligaments, tendons, and interosseous membranes. RESULTS: Ninety-eight of the patients (89% of the adults) had some evidence of calcification and/or ossification of the attachments of ligaments, tendons, muscles, and interosseous membranes. Osteosclerosis was seen in 54 patients (43%), and osteopenia was seen in 51 patients (40%). Of the patients with osteopenia, the osteoporotic pattern was seen in 28 and the osteomalacic pattern in 23. Growth lines were found in 89 patients (70%). Metaphyseal osteomalacic zones were found in children. Diaphyseal widening was present in 35 patients (28%). CONCLUSION: Endemic skeletal fluorosis can have a wide variety of radiographic appearances, including calcification and/or ossification of the attachments of soft-tissue structures to bone, osteosclerosis, osteopenia, growth lines, and metaphyseal osteomalacic zones.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Non-apatitic environments in bone mineral: FT-IR detection, biological properties and changes in several disease states.

Resolution enhanced FT-IR spectroscopy shows that non-apatitic environments of phosphate and carbonate ions occur in bone mineral. The spectroscopic characteristics of these environments and their chemical and biological properties are reviewed. The potential effectiveness of FT-IR for the detailed study of bone mineral changes in bone disease is shown by analysis of several samples.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Mechanical properties and density of bone in a case of severe endemic fluorosis.

Mechanical properties of 25 standardized specimens of compact bone from a 45-year-old man with extreme endemic fluorosis were compared with similar specimens of nonfluorotic bone. Data from dry and wet tested specimens were compared. Tensile strength, strain, energy absorbed to failure, and modulus of elasticity were reduced in fluorotic specimens while compressive strength, strain and energy were increased in both wet and dry specimens. Compressive properties exceeded tensile properties. Drying increased tensile and compressive strength and modulus but decreased tensile and compressive strength and energy absorbed. Dry specimens tended to follow Hooke's Law but wet specimens exhibited visco-elastic behavior. Wet fluorotic specimens had lower tensile properties but higher compressive properties and were more dense than fresh human compact bone.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1979

Hypothyroidism and anemia related to fluoride in dairy cattle.

Blood and urine were collected from 72 cows in six dairy herds with varying severity of dental and bone fluorotic lesions. Urinary fluoride averaged 5.13 ppm and ranged from 1.04 to 15.7 ppm fluoride. Thyroxine and triiodothyronine in serum decreased with increasing urinary fluoride, eosinophils increased, and cholesterol tended to decrease. Cattle afflicted with fluorosis developed hypothyroidism, anemia, and eosinophilia of leukocytes. Bone ash averaged 2400 ppm fluoride in 22 specimens from eight herds (range 850 to 6935 ppm fluoride). Mineral supplements were the main sources of excess fluoride. Fluoride lesions were on some cows of all herds suggesting that fluoride may affect the health and performance of some cows in "normal" herds. Fluoride lesions were on young cattle and calves in fluorosis herds.

Anemia↗
PubMed1988

Skeletal fluorosis. A report of two cases.

Two illustrative cases of patients with skeletal fluorosis and classic radiographic changes are presented. One patient demonstrated a progressive paraparesis, while the other was diagnosed incidentally on routine radiographs. A review of the literature, treatment, and histologic findings are presented.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Clinical and radiological prevalence of skeletal fluorosis among retired employees of Wonji-Shoa sugar estate in Ethiopia.

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical and radiological prevalence of skeletal fluorosis among the retired employees of Wonji-Shoa sugar estate. DESIGN: Retrospective and cross-sectional study. SETTING: Wonji-Shoa sugar estate, an agro-industrial estate located in the Ethiopian Rift Valley. SUBJECTS: Two hundred and sixty three employees of the estate who retired between 1995 and 1996. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical evidence of impaired squatting, neck and lumbar mobility, kyphosis, and X-ray evidence of fluorosis. RESULTS: Skeletal fluorosis was more evident among the males (p<0.05), and the prevalence was higher among the factory and the agricultural workers than among the administrative workers (p<0.05). Clinical prevalence was 20% versus the radiological prevalence of 70.3%, indicating that many cases were asymptomatic. Impaired neck and lumbar mobility and impaired squatting significantly agreed with the radiological diagnosis (p<0.05) while kyphosis was not. CONCLUSION: Further clinical and epidemiological studies are suggested and strengthening of the existing defluoridation programmes within the area is recommended.

Agricultural Workers' Diseases↗
PubMed1976

[Scan microscopic investigation of human industrial fluorosis (author's transl)].

We examined the bones of 3 people in various stages of industrial fluorosis. Scan microscopic studies were conducted on the periosteal surface and the fracture surfaces of ribs, tibia and vault of the cranium. In the mild form of fluorosis, we found slight swelling and impregnation with globular and crystalline material in the periosteal collagenous fibers. The impregnation and swelling increases and, in severe cases of fluorosis, an irregular orientation of abnormal fine fibers and thick deposits on the bone surfaces occurs. The radiating fibers of muscle and tendon insertions were apparently mineralized first. Atypia of the bone collegan was found which involved the collagenous fibers, the basic substance and their mineralization as well as the ossification process itself. The scan microscopic findings were compared with the normal histology for fluorosis and discussed.

Aged↗