PubMed · 4584294
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C M Young. 1973. Overnutrition.. https://doi.org/10.1159/000393591
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Copper and copper-based materials have gained increasing attention for the functional modification of implantable medical devices intended for prolonged soft-tissue contact, including vascular stents, catheters, and intrauterine devices. Owing to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, redox reactivity, and involvement in angiogenesis and cellular signaling, copper-based systems offer significant potential for multifunctional surface engineering. However, achieving a balance between antibacterial efficacy, corrosion behavior, controlled ion release, and cytocompatibility remains a critical challenge. This PRISMA-compliant systematic review analyzes copper-containing materials and surface modification strategies for soft-tissue biomedical applications. A structured search of Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed (2015-2025) identified 65 eligible studies. The review encompasses bulk copper-containing alloys, electrochemical and chemical surface modification techniques, physical vapor deposition approaches, and advanced hybrid systems integrating copper with polymers, hydrogels, or metal-phenolic networks. Across the reviewed literature, antibacterial performance was strongly dependent on copper concentration, microstructural distribution, and spatiotemporal ion release profiles. Moderate, well-controlled copper incorporation frequently improved antibacterial efficacy while maintaining acceptable hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility, particularly in vascular and blood-contacting devices. In contrast, excessive copper loading often accelerated corrosion and induced adverse cellular responses. Emerging multifunctional architectures demonstrated improved regulation of biological interactions, enabling simultaneous antibacterial, antithrombotic, and proendothelial effects. Overall, copper-based surface technologies represent a versatile platform for soft-tissue implant modification. Future translational progress will require precise control of copper release kinetics and comprehensive long-term in vivo validation to ensure safety and sustained therapeutic performance. From the authors' perspective, the most promising future direction involves multifunctional copper-based hybrid coatings capable of dynamically regulating ion release, host tissue integration, and antibacterial performance simultaneously. Strategies integrating hierarchical architectures, stimulus-responsive release systems, and clinically scalable fabrication methods are expected to play a key role in translating copper-containing surfaces from experimental concepts toward commercially viable soft-tissue biomedical devices.
Patients receiving prolonged haemodialysis treatment are exposed to a variety of arthropathies and bone lesions arising from deposition of amyloid material in the skeletal system. beta2 microglobulin is the 11.7 kDa light chain of the class I major histocompatibility complex, from which it is normally released to plasmatic fluids, transported to kidneys and excreted. Owing to renal failure it accumulates, giving rise to dialysis-related amyloidosis, a severe disease found in patients receiving dialysis for several years. The three-dimensional structure of beta2 microglobulin is known to be based on a seven-stranded beta-sandwich fold, typical of the class C immunoglobulin superfamily. Analysis of the protein fold in different mutants and/or crystal environments and of its structural stability may help in understanding the molecular bases of amyloid fibril formation and of diseases related to protein misfolding. Here, the preliminary crystallographic analysis of the His31Tyr beta2 microglobulin mutant, designed to abolish the copper-ion binding observed in the wild-type protein, is presented. The protein mutant displays increased fold stability, faster folding kinetics and crystallizes in the tetragonal C222(1) space group, with unit-cell parameters a = 105.2, b = 150.2, c = 93.7 A and four molecules per asymmetric unit.
Two external spaces of an inorganic tennis ball are a novel type of metal-centered hydrophobic pocket where two hydrophobic trans-(+/-)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane groups stand perpendicularly to and around the metal coordination plane. The space recognizes pyridine over piperidine, and a novel supramolecule was obtained using such pyridine recognition properties.