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At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

A general DNA analysis program for the Hewlett-Packard Model 86/87 microcomputer.

A program is described to perform general DNA sequence analysis on the Hewlett-Packard Model 86/87 microcomputer operating on 128 K of RAM. The following analytical procedures can be performed: 1. display of the sequence, in whole or part, or its complement; 2. search for specified sequences e.g. restriction sites, and in the case of the latter give fragment sizes; 3. perform a comprehensive search for all known restriction enzyme sites; 4. map sites graphically; 5. perform editing functions; 6. base frequency analysis; 7. search for repeated sequences; 8. search for open reading frames or translate into the amino acid sequence and analyse for basic and acidic amino acids, hydrophobicity, and codon usage. Two sequences, or parts thereof, can be merged in various orientations to mimic recombination strategies, or can be compared for homologies. The program is written in HP BASIC and is designed principally as a tool for the laboratory investigator manipulating a defined set of vectors and recombinant DNA constructs.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

A convenient and adaptable microcomputer environment for DNA and protein sequence manipulation and analysis.

We describe the further development of a widely used package of DNA and protein sequence analysis programs for microcomputers (1,2,3). The package now provides a screen oriented user interface, and an enhanced working environment with powerful formatting, disk access, and memory management tools. The new GenBank floppy disk database is supported transparently to the user and a similar version of the NBRF protein database is provided. The programs can use sequence file annotation to automatically annotate printouts and translate or extract specified regions from sequences by name. The sequence comparison programs can now perform a 5000 X 5000 bp analysis in 12 minutes on an IBM PC. A program to locate potential protein coding regions in nucleic acids, a digitizer interface, and other additions are also described.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Setting up a microcomputer in a small Occupational Health department.

The cost of microcomputers has fallen dramatically in recent years with the result that many small Occupational Health (OH) departments have turned to computerization. Occupational Health physicians with little if any previous computing experience may be called upon to oversee the introduction of a computer into an OH department and subsequently decide upon relevant equipment purchase. This article discusses the necessary hardware and software which would allow the development of a powerful and worthwhile OH computer system for a modest outlay.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Epidemiologic programs for computers and calculators. A microcomputer program for multiple logistic regression by unconditional and conditional maximum likelihood methods.

A frequent procedure in matched case-control studies is to report results from the multivariate unmatched analyses if they do not differ substantially from the ones obtained after conditioning on the matching variables. Although conceptually simple, this rule requires that an extensive series of logistic regression models be evaluated by both the conditional and unconditional maximum likelihood methods. Most computer programs for logistic regression employ only one maximum likelihood method, which requires that the analyses be performed in separate steps. This paper describes a Pascal microcomputer (IBM PC) program that performs multiple logistic regression by both maximum likelihood estimation methods, which obviates the need for switching between programs to obtain relative risk estimates from both matched and unmatched analyses. The program calculates most standard statistics and allows factoring of categorical or continuous variables by two distinct methods of contrast. A built-in, descriptive statistics option allows the user to inspect the distribution of cases and controls across categories of any given variable.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1991

Real-time automated sleep scoring: validation of a microcomputer-based system for mice.

Long-term circadian studies of sleep and wakefulness in rodents have been hindered by the labor required to analyze long polygraph records. To expedite such studies, we have designed and implemented SCORE, a microcomputer-based real-time sleep scoring system for rodents. The electroencephalograph is digitized in 10-s epochs at 100 Hz. Frequency and amplitude information from the waveform are extracted into a 48-dimension vector that is then compared to previously taught vectors representing the canonical features of four arousal states: wakefulness, theta-dominated wakefulness, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and nonREM (NREM) sleep. Match values are assigned for each state to each epoch; after excluding states based on wheel-running or drinking activity data, the nonexcluded state with the best match value for the epoch is scored. Analysis of over 23,000 epochs for four mice yielded an overall agreement of 94.0% between two human scorers and the program, compared with a 94.5% agreement between the two human scorers. The SCORE algorithm matched the human concensus best for wakefulness (97.8%) and NREM sleep (94.7%), but was lower for REM sleep (75.2%) and theta-dominated wakefulness (83.3%). Most errors in scoring of REM sleep were in close temporal proximity to human-scored REM epochs. SCORE is capable of scoring arousal states for eight animals simultaneously in real time on a standard IBM PC equipped with a commercially available analog-to-digital conversion board, and should considerably facilitate the performance of long-term studies of sleep and wakefulness in the rodent.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1993

Microcomputer-assisted kinetic modeling of mammalian gene expression.

New software for microcomputers enables predictive, quantitative models of genetic systems to be produced that can account for the elements of time, scale, and feedback control of hierarchical systems. The flow of genetic information during protein synthesis can be addressed by treating each intermediate as a kinetic element in a linked series of reactions. When the rate of transcription changes, the time required to achieve a new level of the encoded protein is expected to be a function of the conversion rates or half-lives of all intermediates. Kinetic modeling may be used to make predictions and integrate primary data concerning rates of transcription, nuclear mRNA dynamics, nucleocytoplasmic transport, translational control, and other processes that govern the rate of synthesis for specific proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A microcomputer program for exact and asymptotic analysis of several 2 x 2 tables.

A microcomputer program for analysis of a binomial proportion and the common odds ratio in a series of 2 x 2 tables is presented. This program utilizes both exact and asymptotic methods to provide point estimates, P values, and confidence intervals. Modifications of the exact method based on the concept of a mid-P value are also included. The program allows the user to compare the exact coverage properties of various methods of computing confidence intervals. Use of an improved algorithm provides considerable gains in computational efficiency.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1979

Comparison of left ventricular ejection fraction by EKG-gated radionuclide techniques and contrast angiography using a microcomputer system.

The left ventricular ejection fractions of 53 patients were determined from multi-image cardiac blood pool scintigrams in the left anterior oblique position utilizing a microcomputer and floppy disc. These data were compared to ejection fractions obtained at cardiac catheterization in the right anterior oblique position. The ejection fraction obtained by radionuclide technique was comparable to that obtained by contrast angiography in the 53 patients with an r = 0.93. Forty-five patients with coronary artery disease showed an r = 0.92. In the coronary artery group with regional wall dysfunction, the correlation was r = 0.89.

Angiography↗
PubMed1985

Microcomputer-assisted monitoring system for measuring and processing cardiorespiratory variables: preliminary results of clinical trials.

A microcomputer-assisted monitoring system was developed for the continuous measuring and processing of cardiorespiratory variables, including: systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures, CVP, minute ventilation, inspired and expired O2 and CO2 concentrations, temperature, and heart rate. The primary data were converted to digital form, processed, displayed on a CRT monitor, and also stored for later evaluation. This system automatically calculated and displayed on-line and in real-time both primary measurements and derived cardiorespiratory variables, including: oxygen consumption, CO2 production, left and right ventricular stroke work, pulmonary venous admixture, and systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances. Printouts of the variables and trend graphs could be obtained for any desired time period. During its development, we tested this monitoring system in 30 critically ill patients, finding that the real-time calculation of cardiorespiratory variables was a great advantage during monitoring and treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Cost-effective use of microcomputers for quality assurance and resource utilization in the surgical intensive care unit.

Need for organ system support, severity of illness, and the risk of life-threatening complications are major factors in determining the need for ICU care and directly affect ICU costs. Using a microcomputer and a relational database program, an ICU database was developed to study ICU utilization. The following information was collected for each ICU patient on admission, then daily, and on ICU discharge: demographic data, procedures, monitors used, laboratory tests, complications, outcome, and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) score as a measure of acuity. In our study, this information was used as a first step in an attempt to define categories of patients who might benefit most from intensive care and those who would not. From September 1, 1987 to March 1, 1989, 1,062 patients were admitted to the surgical ICU (SICU). Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) patients with major head and neck resections, routinely admitted to the SICU, were compared with those from other surgical services. The ENT patients had the lowest mean admission APACHE II (6.8 +/- 0.4 vs. 11.4 +/- 0.3), lowest mean daily APACHE II (7.8 +/- 0.4 vs. 13.2 +/- 0.1), lowest percent of ventilated patients (7.6% vs. 39.4%) and ventilator days (18.9% vs. 64.6%), and had the least monitoring by central venous catheters (20.9% vs. 57.1%) or pulmonary artery catheters (0.9% vs. 29.8%) (p less than .0001 for all of above). They also had the shortest mean ICU stay (1.2 +/- 0.1 vs. 3.3 +/- 0.2 days, p less than .05). The only complication in 105 ENT patients was one uncomplicated myocardial infarction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Microcomputers: the effective low-cost alternative.

Small- to medium-sized service organizations usually do not have the resources to decide among and purchase high-cost, high-risk commercial computer packages. A microcomputer system is an alternative for cost-effective information processing, and is well within reach of most organizations.

Budgets↗
PubMed1988

Microcomputer-assisted residency data management.

During the 1986-87 academic year, residency call and rotation data were stored, manipulated and disseminated with the aid of the microcomputer. The intent was to correct past discrepancies and ensure impartiality while improving efficiency and accountability. Objectively, a comparison of call data before and since this system has been in operation shows that calls have become more fairly distributed. Subjectively, the system has been well-received by residents, staff, and clinicians, and has been permanently incorporated into the residency.

Chicago↗
PubMed1988

Microcomputer-based technique for 3-D reconstruction and volume measurement of computed tomographic images. Part 2: Anaplastic primary brain tumors.

Serial computed tomography (CT) plays an integral part in monitoring effects of therapy for primary anaplastic brain tumors. Despite advances in CT technology, clinicians often cannot obtain accurate quantitative volume information to complement the qualitative assessment of tumor change. This paper presents a microcomputer-based method that provides both quantitative volume measurements and 3-D reconstructions of primary anaplastic brain tumors based on their hard copy CT or magnetic resonance imaging studies. The findings of this study demonstrate that planimetry is feasible for routine clinical use and is superior in accuracy to the spherical geometric model, which is shown to significantly overestimate tumor volume. The findings of 62 quantitative tumor studies (17 patients) showed a direct relationship between the total tumor volume and the volume of the hypodense intratumor core. There was no evidence of a relationship between the total tumor volume and the amount of peritumor low density (edema).

Astrocytoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Biomedical equipment management using a microcomputer.

A low cost microcomputer system is described that manages PM and test scheduling, provides lists of selected equipment, prints labels, and calculates management data. The files for 2800 devices fit on a standard mini-diskette and are easily updated.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A versatile mobile clinical microcomputer system.

A microcomputer system is described that has been incorporated into a custom-designed cart for mobility throughout a clinical setting with consequent increased utilization and cost-effectiveness. A library of clinical profiles has been developed that processes and consolidates quantitative clinical data into a bar-graph format for more convenient interpretation and documentation. It is suggested that even a small hospital can acquire a mobile computer system and hire a senior or graduate student in the physical or computer sciences, on a part-time basis, from a neighboring university or technical college, to develop clinical computer software suitable for that particular institution.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

"ASAP": a microcomputer-based automated safety & performance testing system.

An HP-85 microcomputer programmed in BASIC was interfaced to a PEI 2000 safety analyzer via an HP-6942A Multiprogrammer and appropriate interface cards. This configuration allows automated safety and performance testing as well as report generation. The system is operated by means of a menu displayed on a built-in CRT and the keyboard. Data are displayed and then stored on the built-in cassette unit. Additional testing features are easily added with minimal software development, since all programming is in BASIC and all interface drivers are part of the hardware.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A microcomputer nursing workstation.

This paper describes the early development and implementation of a microcomputer-based nursing work station at Sinai Hospital of Detroit. The system was designed by a multidisciplinary team of nurses, doctors, programmers and other hospital personnel. The software is designed to: (1) facilitate effective communication between health professionals; (2) encourage data-based nursing decision-making; (3) standardize nursing care documentation; and, (4) decrease the time nurses spend on clerical functions. Future plans for evaluation and expansion of the system are described.

Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microcomputer logging & retrieval system: safety & performance testing on a budget.

A briefcase portable microcomputer (the Radio Shack TRS-80 Model 100) forms the hub of a cost-effective preventive maintenance and electrical safety recording system. Programmed in BASIC and powdered by batteries, the portable system has no warm-up or "boot" time. Considerable time is saved by not having to power down and re-activate the program between tested items. Data generated during the inspection are stored in RAM-files until printout. Printouts are user selectable. Equipment interfacing is possible with additional accessories.

Computers↗