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PubMed1980

Pathology accessioning and retrieval system with encoding by computer (PARSEC). A microcomputer-based system for anatomic pathology featuring automated SNOP coding and multiple administrative functions.

A pathology accessioning and retrieval system with encoding by computer (PARSEC) has been developed, employing a relatively inexpensive microcomputer. PARSEC performs a variety of administrative functions for anatomic pathology, including accessioning of surgical specimens, storage of patient demographic information, editing, retrieval, and archiving of patient data, as well as CAP (college of American Pathologists) workload units, billing, and inventory functions for histopathology. In addition, appropriate gross and microscopic descriptions and pathologic diagnoses can be entered into the system by a text editor. Automatic assignment of SNOP (Systematized Nomenclature of Pathology) codes, is accomplished via an online SNOP lexicon, allowing the ultimate generation of completed surgical pathology reports. The data base management system employed makes optimum use of disk storage space, while permitting rapid data retrieval. Data file maintenance is automatically accomplished by the system, requiring no user intervention.

Computers↗
PubMed1980

Workload recording by microcomputer.

Workload recording as designed by the College of American Pathologists has proven to be an invaluable aid in the assessment of overall laboratory operation. The administrative information derived from the compilation of these workload statistics is utilized to provide effective and these workload statistics is utilized to provide effective and efficient laboratory management. A microcomputer-based system for the pathology department that permits the accumulation of daily raw workoad data is descirbed. A monthly cummulative summary report is subsequently produced, complete with computer-derived College of American Pathologists workload units.

Computers↗
PubMed1980

Quality-control statistical interpretation by microcomputer.

A comprehensive summary report of quality-control data is of great value in monitoring the accuracy and precision of the clinical chemistry laboratory. This report allows a retrospective appraisal alerting laboratory personnel to possible test control material degradation or instrument malfunction. A microcomputer-based program package is described, designed to reduce the errors and lengthy preparation inherent in the manual generation of such a report. Quality-control summary data is automatically compared with a predefined set of statistical criteria, and any aberrant values are flagged, thus eliminating subjective and nonuniform data interpretation. Statistical comparisons include: number of control points, delta mean, delta standard deviation, standard deviation index, and F-ratio. The summary report is well accepted by the laboratory staff, and its incorporation into the decision-making process allows for an efficient, critical, and uniformly rigorous examination of analytic proficiency.

Chemistry, Clinical↗
PubMed1981

Microcomputer reporting and information system for microbiology.

A computerized reporting and information system for microbiology employing a relatively inexpensive microcomputer is described. A comprehensive approach to accessioning and result entry for microbiology is presented. A daily laboratory worklist is generated for each work area, providing the responsible technologist with information on previously processed specimens. Manipulation of patient and specimen information permits the performance of various functions, including the generation of billing reports, workload statistics, quality-control summaries, epidemiologic surveys, and cumulative reports. The employment of many user-definable data lexicons allows optimal use of disk space while affording rapid information retrieval. Data file maintenance is automatically accomplished by the system, requiring no user intervention.

Computers↗
PubMed1982

Microcomputer assisted interpretative reporting of protein electrophoresis data.

A microcomputer based system for interpretative reporting of protein electrophoretic data has been developed. Data for serum urine, and cerebrospinal fluid protein electrophoreses as well as immunoelectrophoresis can be entered. Patient demographic information is entered through the keyboard, followed by manual entry of total and fractionated protein levels obtained after densitometer scanning of the electrophoretic strip. Protein patterns are coded, interpreted, and final reports generated. In most cases, interpretation time is less than one second. Computer misinterpretation is uncommon and easily corrected by edit functions within the system. Discrepancies between computer and pathologist interpretation are automatically stored in a separate data file for later review and possible program modification. Any or all previous tests on a patient may be reviewed, with graphic display of the electrophoretic pattern. The system is well-accepted by the laboratory staff, and allows rapid storage, retrieval, and analysis of protein electrophoretic data.

Blood Protein Electrophoresis↗
PubMed1984

Sequential CK and LD isoenzyme interpretation by microcomputer.

A microcomputer program for rapidly interpreting and reporting sequential creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes written in BASIC is described. The program uses a combination of algorithmic logic and matrix-searching functions, correlates abnormalities from up to three patient samples, and arrives at a pattern diagnosis. Program execution is simple and has proved reliable in 1,000 samples from a large university hospital and a medium-sized community hospital.

Clinical Enzyme Tests↗
PubMed1986

Microcomputer-assisted interpretative reporting of sequential cardiac profile data.

The authors have developed a microcomputer-based system for interpretative reporting of sequential cardiac profile data, which consists of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme levels. Patient demographic data and test results (total creatine kinase [CK], MB isoenzyme of CK [CK-MB], lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1 [LD-1], and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 2 [LD-2]) are entered manually through the keyboard. Percent MB and LD ratio are calculated. The test results are compared with normal range values, and an interpretative report is generated, including all pertinent demographic information and graphic display of up to 36 previous CK and LD isoenzyme determinations. Interpretative statements are printed beneath the graphic display after analysis of previous test results. The combination of graphic data display and interpretations based on prior data provides useful and accurate information to the cardiologist. Significant discrepancies between computer-assisted and pathologist interpretation were not encountered.

Clinical Enzyme Tests↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of BCDE, a microcomputer program to analyze automated blood counts and differentials.

A microcomputer program (BCDE) has been developed to analyze automated blood cell counts and differentials' similarity to normal values or to 36 disease categories. In 50 normal subjects, the analytic program listed the correct diagnosis as the first diagnosis in 49 cases (the only diagnosis in 44) and second of two diagnoses in one case. In 182 subjects with known hematologic disorders, the correct diagnosis was listed first in 134 and second or third in an additional 40. Subjects with iron deficiency, heterozygous thalassemia, immune thrombocytopenia, anemia of chronic disease, reactive thrombocytosis, acute infection, and chronic leukemia had the disorder identified as the most likely one by the analytic program with both sensitivity greater than 80% and specificity greater than 98%. Subjects with acute leukemia, folate deficiency, sickle cell anemia, cytotoxic chemotherapy, and chronic liver disease had the disorder identified as most likely by the program with a sensitivity less than 80%. In a different 11 cases with known hematologic status, a panel of 37 physicians identified the disorder(s) or normality only 72% of the time, whereas the analytic program listed the correct diagnosis first in 10 of 11 (91%). The analytic program appears useful for both triage of normal from abnormal data and for the initial differential analysis of abnormal data.

Blood Cell Count↗
PubMed1985

PEGASE: a machine language program for DNA sequence analysis on Apple II microcomputer using a binary coding of nucleotides.

The core of a 6502 machine language program for DNA sequence analysis on Apple II microcomputer is described. Use of a binary coding of nucleotides allows interactive data manipulation on a low-cost configuration with execution times similar to those of larger computers. The PEGASE system should prove useful and easy to use in routine sequence handling and experiment design.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1985

Microcomputer assisted identification of Bacillus species.

A microcomputer based system for the identification of unknown isolates of Bacillus species is described. The identification matrix includes 78 test probabilities for 38 recognised species and other groups in the genus Bacillus and it is based on the work of Logan and Berkeley (1984). Morphological characters together with the results of tests using API 20E and API 50CHB, read after 24 and 48 h incubation, are used to obtain a probabilistic identification of an unknown aerobic endospore forming rod. Any differences between the observed and expected results for any identified organism are listed. Identification can be attempted on the basis of a limited set of test results, although this is rarely if ever done with this largely API based system, and if the unknown cannot be successfully identified then a set of additional tests can be selected which should permit identification. The computer system can store and recall test results entered for any isolate. This feature allows the accumulation of data on isolates which could be used to update the identification matrix in future taxonomic studies.

Bacillus↗
PubMed1985

A general purpose non-linear curve fitting program for the British Broadcasting Corporation Microcomputer.

Software for non-linear curve fitting has been written in BASIC to execute on the British Broadcasting Corporation Microcomputer. The program uses the direct search algorithm Pattern-search, a robust algorithm that has the additional advantage of needing specification of the function without inclusion of the partial derivatives. Although less efficient than gradient methods, the program can be readily configured to solve low-dimensional optimization problems that are normally encountered in life sciences. In writing the software, emphasis has been placed upon the 'user interface' and making the most efficient use of the facilities provided by the minimal configuration of this system.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1985

The use of microcomputers for the quantitation of light intensity patterns using digitized video signals.

We have developed an inexpensive yet versatile microcomputer-based system for quantitating light intensity levels in autoradiographs. This system employs a standard video camera interfaced to an analog-to-digital convertor. A program has been written for this system which can measure intensities within a defined region of an autoradiograph, permitting an easy and accurate quantitation of spots or bands of irregular shape.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1994

InfoTrac TFD: a microcomputer implementation of the Transcription Factor Database TFD with a graphical user interface.

InfoTrac TFD provides a graphical user interface (GUI) for viewing and manipulating datasets in the Transcription Factor Database, TFD. The interface was developed in Filemaker Pro 2.0 by Claris Corporation, which provides cross platform compatibility between Apple Macintosh computers running System 7.0 and higher and IBM-compatibles running Microsoft Windows 3.0 and higher. TFD ASCII-tables were formatted to fit data into several custom data tables using Add/Strip, a shareware utility and Filemaker Pro's lookup feature. The lookup feature was also put to use to allow TFD data tables to become linked within a flat-file database management system. The 'Navigator', consisting of several pop-up menus listing transcription factor abbreviations, facilitates the search for transcription factor entries. Data are presented onscreen in several layouts, that can be further customized by the user. InfoTrac TFD makes the transcription factor database accessible to a much wider community of scientists by making it available on two popular microcomputer platforms.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed1986

A microcomputer program for hydropathic analysis of proteins with I/O through word processing and graphics software.

A BASIC program has been devised for the hydropathic analysis of protein sequences according to the method of Kyte and Doolittle (1982). The program uses sequence data from input files that are created with a word processor and produces two types of output file: one contains a bar graph of the hydropathic profile in a format that can be easily edited; the other is a tabulation of hydropathic indices along a protein's sequence that can be used as input by the program for the production of a bar graph or as input into other graphics and analysis software. An MS-DOS microcomputer, operating under IBM BASICA or GWBASIC and a dot matrix printer with block graphics capabilities are the only hardware requirements for graphic display of hydropathy profiles. The program is capable of unattended analysis from a list of up to 15 input files.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

MATCH-UP/MATRIX: a microcomputer program designed to search for protein primary structure homology.

MATCH-UP/MATRIX is a program designed to aid the investigator interested in determining primary protein structure. It is written in Applesoft BASIC for the Apple IIe microcomputer. MATCH-UP will survey any set of proteinaceous materials for amino acid sequence homology; however, it is primarily intended to compare the structures of newly sequenced peptides with the established structure of a protein with suspected homology. Any peptide-to-protein alignment which shows a homology greater than or equal to the percentage specified by the user will result in output. MATRIX will compare the sequences of two proteins (peptides) in whatever alignment specified by the user and is intended to spot insertions and/or deletions between structures.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1986

Solving algebraic equations on a microcomputer.

Equation-solving programs for microcomputers make the numerical solution of algebraic equations an easy task. It is no longer necessary to learn or to program algorithms for the solution of many different types of equations. A single equation or a set of simultaneous equations may simply be entered into the computer and numerically solved for unknowns without concern as to whether the equations are linear or non-linear. Several examples of possible applications of equation-solving programs are discussed. Solution times for these examples are given for SEQS on the Apple II and Macintosh computers. The example sets of equations, which include chemical equilibrium and enzyme kinetics problems, have been chosen to demonstrate important aspects of the uses and limitations of equation solving. The four examples discussed are: a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model, citric acid ionization in aqueous solution, an enzyme inhibition model, and an example of the application of an equation-solving program in doing a simple non-linear regression problem.

Mathematical Computing↗
PubMed1986

Microcomputer simulation of steady-state enzyme kinetics for educational purposes.

A BASIC program to assist the instruction of steady-state enzyme kinetics has been developed for the IBM PC microcomputer. Its purpose is to simulate laboratory experiments in order to minimize the time required to obtain kinetic data from which students deduce kinetic mechanisms and determine kinetic constants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The program randomly selects a kinetic scheme from various sequential, ping pong, and iso reaction sequences as well as values for the kinetic constants. The scheme and kinetic constants are unknown to the student at this time; the only thing he or she knows is the stoichiometry of the catalyzed reaction which can have two or three substrates and products. The student is prompted to enter values for concentrations of substrates and products; several different concentrations for each substrate and product can be entered in a single experiment. The program then calculates, displays and prints (if desired) the corresponding initial steady-state velocities. The student can perform as many experiments as desired until enough information is obtained to determine the kinetic mechanism and to calculate values for the kinetic constants.

Algorithms↗