Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Limulus Test”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Biological activity of lipopolysaccharides from oral Selenomonas.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) were extracted by phenol-water from three oral strains of Selenomonas. The preparations were tested for the ability to induce a blastogenic response in cultures of spleen cells from normal and nude BALB/c mice, to activate guinea pig complement and the clotting enzyme system of Limulus polyphemus amoebocytes, and to kill Actinomycin-D treated mice. The capacity of the three LPSs was comparable to that of enterobacterial LPS.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

A highly sensitive pyrogen test for antibiotics I: detection of trace amounts of endotoxin in injectable sodium ampicillin preparations.

The rabbit pyrogen test (specified in the pharmacopeia) and the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test are influenced by high concentrations of certain antibiotics. Therefore, it has not been possible to detect trace amounts of endotoxin which may contaminate these antibiotics. To detect trace amounts of endotoxin in injectable sodium ampicillin, an ultrafiltration technique was utilized which removed the antibiotic and left a solution which contained predominantly the endotoxin. After ultrafiltration, a trace amount of pyrogen (which otherwise could not be detected) was found using both the rabbit pyrogen and the LAL tests. The endotoxin was also determined quantitatively using a chromogenic endotoxin reagent which is made by combining the Limulus amebocyte lysate and a synthetic substrate with a suitable chromophore.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1984

Biological activities of chemically synthesized analogues of the nonreducing sugar moiety of lipid A.

Biological activities of five synthetic lipid A analogues (D-glucosamine derivatives) were examined to elucidate the structure required for expression of the biological activities of endotoxin. Proclotting enzyme of horseshoe crab activation, interferon-inducing and tumor necrosis factor-inducing activities were significantly expressed by an analogue which possesses 4-O-phosphoryl, 3-O-tetradecanoyl and N-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl groups. The results obtained with different analogues show that the 4-O-phosphoryl and N-tetradecanoyloxytetradecanoyl groups are important for expression of the above activities. The effect of 6-O-acylation in preventing the expression of these biological activities is also suggested. Pyrogenic activity was not detected in any of the compounds tested.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Usefulness of (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan measurement for diagnosis of deep mycosis].

The number of deep mycosis has been increasing because of increases in immunocompromised hosts and in fungal colonization associated with increasing use of broad-spectrum antibacterial antibiotics. Based on these phenomenon, a simple test method for an early diagnosis of deep mycosis is urgently desired. We therefore investigated the usefulness of assaying a fungal cell component, (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan (beta-glucan). The amount of beta-glucan was obtained from the difference between the amounts determined using Toxicolor and Endospecy, and the serum levels of more than 10 pg/ml were considered positive signs for beta-glucan. The following results were obtained: We found that beta-glucan was positive in 75% of the patients who had been definitely diagnosed to have mycosis, and in 58.3% of the patients strongly suspected of mycosis. The numbers of beta-glucan positive patients' in these 2 groups of patients were significantly different from that in those without mycosis (14.7%, P < 0.05). Thus a usefulness of beta-glucan measurement for the diagnosis of mycosis was demonstrated. However, beta-glucan was sometimes negative even in patients with fungemia at an early phase of the disease and turned positive several days later. Even in a patient with definite lung mycosis, who had a latent circumscribed lesion (afebrile and CRP-negative), beta-glucan was also negative. From these findings, one should be aware that the beta-glucan test produces false negatives even in patients with definite mycosis and that the test should be repeated during the course of the disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Biological activity of synthetic heptaacyl lipid A representing a component of Salmonella minnesota R595 lipid A.

A synthetic lipid A (preparation 516), containing seven acyl groups and representing one component of natural free lipid A of Salmonella minnesota R595, has been investigated for biological activity in a number of endotoxin test systems. It was found that the synthetic preparation was, in typical in vivo endotoxin tests (lethality, pyrogenicity, Shwartzman reactivity) as well as in its antigenicity and macrophage activation capacity, significantly less active than natural Salmonella lipid A. However, in other in vitro assay systems (B-cell mitogenicity, complement activation, Limulus amoebocyte lysate gelation) it expressed similar activity as Salmonella lipid A.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Hen egg-white lysozyme inhibits biological activities of lipopolysaccharides from periodontopathic bacteria.

Lysozyme has a bactericidal activity for some strains of Gram-positive bacteria, by enzymatic cleavage of peptidoglycans that constitute the cell wall. Hen egg-white lysozyme (HEL) was tested in vitro for effects on biological activities of lipopolysaccharides from periodontopathic Gram-negative bacteria. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia and Porphyromonas gingivalis. HEL inhibited a wide range of activities of these lipopolysaccharides, including activation of Limulus amoebocyte lysate, stimulation of human leukocytes to secrete tumour necrosis factor-alpha, polyclonal activation of mouse B cells, and promotion of osteoclastic differentiation in mouse bone marrow cultures. The anti-endotoxic activity of HEL may be worthy of being intended for periodontal therapy.

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans↗
PubMed1987

Reaction of fungal products with amebocyte lysates of the Japanese horseshoe crab, Tachypleus tridentatus.

A commercially available endotoxin assay (CS-TAL) employing a chromogenic peptide and an amebocyte lysate from the Japanese horseshoe crab, Tachypleus tridentatus, gave a positive result with aqueous extracts of all 15 strains of Candida albicans and 1 strain each of Candida tropicalis, Cryptococcus neoformans, and a Mucor species that we tested. Purified glucans prepared from the Candida strains gave the same results. Reconstruction experiments showed that the positive results were not due to contaminating endotoxin. By contrast, assays employing amebocyte lysates of the American horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, were inconsistent. Japanese workers have presented evidence that glucans activate the Tachypleus amebocyte lysate system by acting on an enzyme different from that on which endotoxin acts. Using a Tachypleus lysate preparation (Endospecy; Seikagaku Kogyo, Tokyo, Japan) from which this enzyme was excluded, we demonstrated a 5- to 10-fold drop in reactivity to the aqueous Candida extracts and glucans, whereas reactivity to endotoxin was unchanged. Normal human plasma was shown to decrease the effect of fungal extracts on CS-TAL. This inhibition was completely removed by heating the plasma. Our results suggest that Tachypleus systems may be of use clinically in distinguishing bacterial from fungal infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Rapid detection of significant bacteriuria by use of an automated Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay.

Previous studies have demonstrated that significant gram-negative bacteriuria can be detected by using the Limulus amoebocyte lysate test. A series of 580 urine specimens were tested in parallel with the automated MS-2 (Abbott Laboratories) assay and with quantitative urine bacterial cultures. The overall ability of the MS-2 Limulus amoebocyte lysate test to correctly classify urine specimens as containing either greater than or equal to 10(5) organisms or less than 10(5) organisms per ml during a 20-min test period was 92.6%.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1987

Endotoxin testing.

Parenterals, sterile preparations intended to be injected in man or animal, should be free from pyrogenic substances which are able to raise the thermostatic setting in the hypothalamus. This article gives an up-to-date review of the principal detection and quantification methods for these agents, with special attention on the chromogenic Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assay.

Endotoxins↗
PubMed1984

Immunologic studies of hollow-fiber dialyzer extracts.

Testing failed to detect free isocyanates in dialyzer rinses or significant levels of immunoglobulin E antibodies to isocyanate-protein conjugates in the serum of individuals reacting during hemodialysis with dialyzers containing Cuprophan membranes. Extended immunization of rabbits with Limulus lysate-reactive material from dialyzer rinses demonstrated antigenic activity of the rinse that appears to originate from cotton linters used in hollow-fiber membranes. The possibility that an immunologic response to these antigens may be a mechanism in adverse reactions to hemodialysis is discussed.

Antigens↗
PubMed2001

Differential clearance and induction of host responses by various administered or released lipopolysaccharides.

The clearance and activity of different types of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) released during infection with Gram-negative bacteria were investigated. When highly purified preparations differing in their specific endotoxin activity were administered intravenously to mice, the clearance of rough (R)-form LPS preparations from Salmonella minnesota and Escherichia coli was much faster than that of a smooth (S)-form LPS preparation from Salmonella abortus equi, but slower than that of lipo-oligosaccharides (LOS) preparations from Bordetella pertussis and Helicobacter pylori. After intraperitoneal infection with 10(7) and 10(8) CFU E. coli O111:B4, relatively high levels of LPS were detected dose-dependently in the plasma of infected mice and persisted for a long time. In addition, plasma sCD14 levels in infected mice were higher than in LPS-administered mice. These results indicate that continuously higher levels of plasma LPS followed by stronger host responses occur during infection and suggest that these differences between LPS-administered and infected mice should be taken into consideration when analyzing host responses induced by LPS.

Animals↗