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PubMed2026

Comprehensive source-risk assessment of organophosphate esters in surface water of the Dianchi Lake Basin, Yunnan, China.

Organophosphate esters (OPEs), widely used as flame retardants and plasticizers, have been increasingly detected in aquatic environments. However, investigations of their distribution in high-altitude plateau lakes remain scarce. Identifying and quantifying the sources and associated risks of OPEs are crucial for subsequent water environment management. In this study, an integrated source-risk analysis approach was employed by combining the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model, the Geodetector (GD) model, and risk quotient (RQ). Analysis of 14 OPEs in surface waters of the Dianchi Lake Basin (DLB) revealed 12 detectable compounds, with total OPEs concentrations (ΣOPEs) ranging from not detected (ND)-64.6 ng/L during the wet season and ND-35.8 ng/L during the dry season. Elevated ΣOPEs were primarily observed at inflow sites in the northern part of the lake and in urban rivers. Source apportionment indicated four major contributing sources: agricultural films containing flame-retardant and plasticizer additives, traffic-related particulate emissions, releases from household and personal care products, and industrial production and applications of flame retardants in plastics, electronics, and related products (the predominant source). The ecological impact caused by OPEs ranges from no risk to low risk, with tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate emitted from industrial source being the primary driver of potential environmental risk. These findings highlight the necessity of prioritizing industrial sources in future management strategies. Overall, this study provides a methodological framework for source apportionment and risk assessment of OPEs and offers scientific evidence to support environmental management of OPEs in the DLB.

Environmental Monitoring↗

PubMed2026

Modelling peak microbial pollution events caused by combined sewer overflows in a source-to-sea system.

Predicting peak microbial pollution events in downstream coastal bathing waters caused by combined sewer overflows (CSOs) is essential for protecting public health. In urban areas, wastewater effluents, CSOs, and surface runoff can contribute to elevated microorganism loads to downstream waters. These pressures are likely to be intensified by growing population density and more frequent heavy rainfalls due to climate change. This study developed a process-based model to simulate Escherichia coli (E. coli) emissions, transport, and fate from the initial sources to coastal beaches. A three-year retrospective simulation (2017-2019) shows that E. coli concentrations in CSO discharges varied widely across the catchment (4.6 - 7.3 (log10 CFU 100 ml-1)). 99th percentile E. coli concentrations (4.0 (log10 CFU 100 ml-1)) at the inland water outlet were dominated by local CSO emissions, whereas 90th percentile E. coli concentrations (3.6 (log10 CFU 100 ml-1)) reflected cumulative upstream contributions from both CSO and effluent emissions. With the simulation accuracy of 89%, the model reliably reproduced the E. coli dynamics on the downstream beach and showed strong performance in representing peak concentrations based on Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) analysis. The process-based model enables quantitative tracking of source contributions and identification of pollution hotspots, providing support for mitigation measures. The study lays down a source-to-sea modelling framework for representing pollution transport across the aquatic continuum and provides a transferable tool for microbial pollution forecasting and climate adaptation planning.

Climate projection↗

PubMed2026

Pilot Distractions and Interruptions in Airlines: Ranking of Sources by Analytic Hierarchy Process.

ObjectiveThis work establishes a methodological framework for sources of pilot distraction and interruptions in a structured model that can be used as a tool for cockpit design/procedure assessment.BackgroundPilots must complete complex tasks, and distractions can impair performance and lead to errors that can cause aircraft accidents. Although various cockpit distractors are examined individually, there is no integrated approach.MethodDistraction and interruption sources were identified through a literature review and confirmed/extended by interviews with airline pilots. Associated weights were determined through pairwise comparisons, yielding a hierarchical model using the Analytic Hierarchy Process.Results26 sources of pilot distraction and interruptions were quantified and categorized into four categories: communication, head-down time, responding to abnormal conditions & unexpected situations, and searching for traffic.ConclusionA taxonomic structure for assessment is achieved with the top 5 sources identified as communications, technical interruptions, experience in type, environmental factors, operational irregularities, and airspace high terrain, accounting for 63.07%.ApplicationThe structured system is a flexible assessment scale that provides a taxonomic framework for airline risk management, supports future research, and cockpit design efforts.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

PdIr bimetallic nanozyme engineered metal-organic frameworks integrated dual-mode sensor toward Stx2 detection in food.

Shiga toxin II (Stx2) has attracted extensive attention due to its toxicity and pathogenicity, making the development of sensitive detection methods urgent. This study constructed a dual-mode sensing platform for the sensitive detection of Stx2 in food. Composite material UIO-66@PdIr with peroxidase-like activity and fluorescent properties was synthesized and combined with cDNA as the signal probe, while aptamer-modified magnetic beads served as the capture probe. Specific binding of Stx2 to the aptamer triggered the release of the signal probe, enabling colorimetric and fluorescence signal readout. The colorimetric mode showed a linear range of 0.05-100 ng/mL with an LOD of 0.039 ng/mL, and the fluorescence mode exhibited 0.01-1000 ng/mL with an LOD of 0.0097 ng/mL. Additionally, this method was successfully applied to the detection of Stx2 in food, and the recovery rates were 94.33% ∼ 102.20%. It indicated that the constructed sensor holds great practical potential for Stx2 detection.

Food Contamination↗

PubMed2026

LC-IMS-MS profiling of avocado acetogenins reveals tissue-dependent distribution and cultivar-specific metabolic signatures.

This study presents a comprehensive characterisation of acetogenin-related metabolites in avocado using an LC-IMS-MS workflow. A total of 26 metabolites were semi-quantified across peel, pulp and seed tissues from three cultivars (Hass, Bacon and Fuerte). The integration of ion mobility spectrometry enabled the generation of the first experimental database of collision cross section (CCS) values for avocado acetogenins, improving confidence in metabolite annotation. Results revealed a pronounced tissue-dependent distribution, with seeds and pulp as the primary reservoir of several acetogenins, whereas the peel consistently exhibited lower concentrations. In contrast, acetogenin levels remained largely stable throughout ripening. Clear cultivar-dependent differences were observed, with Hass displaying a distinct metabolic profile compared to Bacon and Fuerte. Multivariate analysis confirmed these findings, showing tissue-dependent cultivar differentiation. This study provides new insights into avocado chemical diversity and highlights the potential of avocado by-products as consistent and promising sources of bioactive acetogenins.

Persea↗

PubMed2026

Environmentally relevant concentrations of DCOIT impaired lifespan and healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans.

DCOIT (4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one) is an antifouling biocide widely used as an alternative to organotin compounds. While previous studies had focused on its effects on energy production, endocrine disruption, and lipid metabolism, its impact on aging and underlying mechanisms remained unclear. Here, we demonstrated that environmentally relevant concentrations of DCOIT (37, 370 and 3700 ng/L) significantly impaired both lifespan and healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans. RNA-seq and validation assays revealed that DCOIT upregulated comt-4, a key gene in dopamine metabolism, leading to dopamine depletion and subsequent induction of oxidative stress. This redox imbalance critically contributed to accelerated aging phenotypes. Importantly, both genetic (comt-4 RNAi) and pharmacological (opicapone) interventions restored dopamine levels, alleviated oxidative stress, and reversed DCOIT-induced aging deficits. Our study established the comt-4/dopamine/oxidative stress axis as a central mechanism in DCOIT toxicity, suggesting dopamine modulation as a potential countermeasure against environmental toxicant-induced aging.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Transcriptomic insights into the molecular mechanism of antifouling agent-induced settlement inhibition in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas.

Marine biofouling remains a persistent challenge to maritime industries and marine ecosystems worldwide. In this study, we systematically evaluated the acute toxicity, settlement inhibitory efficacy, and underlying molecular mechanisms of an N-oleyl-1,3-propanediamine-based antifouling agent using pediveliger larvae of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. The 96 h-LC50 of the agent was determined to be 0.81 mg/L, and exposure to 1.68 mg/L achieved complete larval settlement inhibition without inducing significant acute toxicity. Transcriptomic analysis identified 791 differentially expressed genes, dominated by downregulated genes associated with ribosomal function, translation, cell adhesion, and cytoskeletal organization. The agent exerts its inhibitory effect primarily through the global suppression of protein synthesis, disruption of cell-substrate adhesion and cytoskeletal integrity, and induction of proteotoxic stress responses. These findings reveal a multi-pathway molecular mechanism underlying antifouling agent-induced settlement inhibition in oyster larvae and provide key molecular biomarkers to support the development of eco-friendly antifouling technologies.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

ARR1 and ARR12 negatively regulate arsenic stress tolerance by controlling flavonoid metabolism in Arabidopsis.

ARR1/12-mediated cytokinin signaling negatively regulates the accumulation of glycosylated flavonoids, thereby increasing plant susceptibility to As(III) stress. Cytokinins negatively regulate arsenic stress tolerance in plants through cytokinin-signaling type-B Arabidopsis response regulators (B-ARRs), specifically ARR1 and ARR12. However, the mechanism by which cytokinin signaling regulates plant metabolite dynamics, particularly antioxidant flavonoids, in response to arsenic toxicity remains largely unknown. Here, we hypothesized that ARR1/12-mediated cytokinin signaling modulates flavonoid metabolism to regulate arsenite [As(III)] tolerance. By comparing the global metabolic changes in roots of the arr1 12 double mutant (rD) and wild-type (WT) plants, we found that As(III) stress globally reduced metabolite abundance in WT roots. Importantly, the rD mutant accumulated significantly more flavonoids, most in glycosylated forms, than WT under As(III) exposure, which was supported by the specific upregulation of UDP-glycosyltransferase genes involved in flavonoid glycosylation. Accordingly, exogenous application of the glycosylated quercitrin-enhanced As(III) tolerance in WT roots, strengthening that the increase of glycosylated flavonoids in rD roots was beneficial for plant survival under As(III) exposure. Our data collectively strongly support that the increased glycosylation of flavonoids in the rD mutant improves their antioxidant functionality, thereby enhancing the As(III) stress tolerance. This study provides a new insight into the negative role of cytokinin signaling in repressing glycosylated flavonoid accumulation, causing increased susceptibility of plants to As(III) stress. Manipulation of cytokinin signaling or flavonoid glycosylation is, therefore, a promising approach for heavy metal stress mitigation in crops.

Arabidopsis↗

PubMed2026

A Critical Assessment of Evidence-Based Design's Knowledge Base and Inspiration: A Systematic Review.

PurposeThis study examines Evidence-Based Design (EBD) as an epistemological framework for guiding design research and practice, with a particular focus on its reliance on Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) as a source of methodological inspiration.BackgroundOver the past two decades, EBD has been promoted as a way to strengthen design processes through the systematic use of scientific evidence. Its relationship to EBM, however, remains conceptually ambiguous: EBD draws legitimacy from EBM's hierarchical conception of "best evidence" while at the same time acknowledging the specificities of design practice, which do not easily fit such a model.MethodologyA systematic review was conducted on 31 publications in the design research literature that explicitly address the tension surrounding EBD's conception of "best evidence." The criticisms raised were coded and analyzed by main topics and subtopics.ResultsThe review highlights several reasons why EBM's hierarchical view of "best evidence" is an unsuitable epistemological foundation for EBD. It imposes scientifically inappropriate and practically ineffective methodological standards, devalues important sources of design knowledge, and fails to address central epistemic challenges intrinsic to design processes.ConclusionsBy bringing together critical yet fragmented insights from the literature, this study argues for the development of an updated epistemological framework for EBD. Constructing this framework will require sustained interdisciplinary dialogue between design research and philosophy of science.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Genomic and One Health insights into Vibrio parahaemolyticus from environmental, seafood and clinical sources.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a leading cause of seafood-borne gastroenteritis worldwide, with climate warming facilitating its spread to high-latitude areas. In this study, we analyzed 212 genomes of environmental and seafood-associated isolates collected from seven cities in Zhejiang Province, China (2019-2024), alongside 228 clinical genomes from public databases. The 212 isolates were assigned to 172 sequence types (STs), with ST490 being the most frequent (5/212, 2.36%). Forty-four serotypes were identified, dominated by OL3:KUT (12.68%). High ST and serotype diversity were observed across different sample types and sources, with median pairwise single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) ranging from 57,431 to 58,378, indicating comparable genetic diversity across groups. All isolates carried tlh and T3SS1 but lacked tdh and T3SS2. Resistance rates against ampicillin and cefazolin were 54.72% (116/212) and 44.34% (94/212), respectively, with multidrug resistance (MDR) detected in nine isolates, predominantly from seafood (7/9). A total of 63 distinct antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) spanning seven classes were identified. Isolates from aquaculture farms and wet markets exhibited greater resistance category diversity and higher ARG carriage than those from coastal or riverine sites. In contrast, the 228 clinical isolates harbored only 25 ARGs across two classes, with a significantly lower proportion of isolates carrying multiple ARG classes (0.44% vs. 6.13%, P < 0.001). Human isolates formed tighter phylogenetic clusters, although a minority were closely related to environmental/foodborne strains. Overall, our findings demonstrate the genetic diversity and resistance potential of V. parahaemolyticus across environmental, seafood, and clinical sources, highlighting the importance of the One Health approach to comprehensive public health risk assessment.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus↗

PubMed2026

Metabolic engineering of Candida yeasts for biotechnological applications.

Candida yeasts represent a versatile yet underexploited platform for industrial biotechnology. These yeasts utilize a remarkably broad range of carbon sources, particularly for hydrophobic carbon sources, coupled with robust growth and diverse biosynthetic capacities, making them promising hosts for sustainable production of chemicals, fuels, and proteins. Despite these advantages, industrial deployment of Candida species has been hindered by concerns regarding opportunistic pathogenicity and the historical lack of efficient genetic manipulation tools, leading to a substantial gap between metabolic potential and practical utilization. Recent advances in functional genomics, genome editing, and systems metabolic engineering are rapidly overcoming these barriers, enabling more precise and efficient strain development. In this review, we systematically summarize recent progress in the metabolic engineering of Candida species as microbial cell factories, with particular emphasis on expanding genetic toolkits, utilizting renewable and non-conventional carbon sources, and biosynthesizing high-value compounds. In addition, we propose a biosafety-oriented classification framework to support their safe industrial deployment. Finally, we discuss current challenges and emerging opportunities, emphasizing that the synergy of synthetic biology and artificial intelligence-driven design holds the key to unlocking the biotechnological potential of Candida yeasts.

Candida↗

PubMed2026

Genomic determinants underlying biogenic amine detoxification phenotypes in food-associated lactic acid bacteria: Mechanism, evolutionary origin, and relevance to fermented food safety.

Biogenic amines (BAs) are toxic metabolites that accumulate in fermented foods and pose significant food safety concerns. Although several lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have previously been reported to exhibit strain-specific BA-degrading phenotypes, the genetic determinants underlying these activities have remained largely uncharacterized. Here, we analyzed 8251 LAB genomes to validate BA-degrading phenotypes. We predicted five BA-associated genes, including two direct biogenic amine-degrading genes (BADGs), mco and patA, and three polyamine-modifying genes (PMGs), speG, paiA, and bltD. Among BADGs, mco was broadly distributed across LAB and strongly enriched across food-associated niches. patA, organized within a conserved potD-glnB-potABC-patA cassette, is a putative, functionally distinct BADG in LAB, revealing a nitrogen-responsive polyamine uptake-catabolism module. Phylogenomics, phylogenetic reconciliation, and synteny analysis established that all five genes entered the LAB through episodic horizontal gene transfer followed by lineage-specific fixation. GC compositional bias and mobile genetic element association further corroborated the horizontal origin of the two BADGs. Structural analysis confirmed the conservation of catalytic core residues of BADGs across LAB, indicating strong purifying selection. Phenotype-to-genotype correlation with experimentally reported LAB suggested mco as a reliable genomic predictor of degrading phenotype. Integration of degradation and biosynthetic profiles predicted multiple LAB species capable of both synthesizing and degrading BA, along with 1823 genomes with degradation potential but lacking detectable BA biosynthesis genes. This study provides the first large-scale genome framework linking BA-degrading phenotypes with their genetic determinants in LAB and offers a rational basis for selecting BA-detoxifying strains for fermented food applications.

Biogenic Amines↗

PubMed2026

AI Health message intervention: The role of message customization and message source in breast cancer screening among women of color.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the effectiveness of breast cancer screening messages with varying levels of customization (generic, targeted, and tailored) and to compare AI-generated versus human-generated messages. METHODS: A between-subjects experimental design with a control condition was employed. Message content followed a standardized structure and varied by level of customization: generic, targeted (demographic-based), and tailored (perceived susceptibility- and barrier-based). Messages were developed by either the authors or GenAI (ChatGPT-4o). A total of 391 participants recruited via Prolific were randomly assigned to five groups (generic, targeted-human, targeted-AI, tailored-human, and tailored-AI). Self-efficacy, behavioral intentions, attitudes, and message believability were measured using different scales. RESULTS: Customized (tailoring and targeting) health messages performed comparably to generic messages in shaping positive health outcomes. GenAI-generated messages also produced outcomes comparable to those of human-generated messages under standardized conditions. Significant negative indirect effects through message believability for the human-tailored condition was found relative to the generic condition. CONCLUSIONS: GenAI may be a useful tool for developing and customizing scalable health messages. Its effectiveness depends not only on customization but also on maintaining message quality, including readability, clarity, coherence, naturalness, and credibility. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: GenAI may support health practitioners in developing customized and scalable breast cancer messages. However, professional review remains necessary to ensure that the message is culturally appropriate, responsive to patient concerns, and suitable for use alongside patient-provider communication.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Transcriptomic analysis reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying the inhibition of Mytilus edulis attachment by biofouling control agents.

This study combined acute toxicity assays, phenotypic quantification, and transcriptomic profiling to systematically investigate the inhibitory effects and molecular regulatory mechanisms of a novel alkylamine-based antifouling agent on survival, byssus secretion, and attachment behavior of juvenile Mytilus edulis. The 96 h-LC50 of the agent to juvenile M. edulis was 8.84 mg/L, and 10 mg/L of the agent completely inhibited mussel attachment within 24 h, significantly reducing byssal thread number, length, and diameter while increasing detachment frequency, resulting in irreversible attachment failure. Transcriptomic analysis identified 2746 differentially expressed genes, which were mainly enriched in pathways including signal transduction, immune defense, stress response, cytoskeleton organization, and protein binding. KEGG and GSEA enrichment revealed that the antifouling agent activated the MAPK stress signaling pathway, disturbed transcriptional regulation, and impaired intracellular homeostasis and cytoskeletal stability, thereby synergistically suppressing the expression of key byssal protein genes including mfp-1 and mfp-3 and ultimately blocking byssus synthesis and adhesion. This study clarifies the multi-pathway molecular mechanism underlying antifouling agent-induced attachment inhibition in M. edulis, and provides core molecular targets and theoretical support for developing efficient, specific antifouling activity, and potentially applicable marine antifouling technologies.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Chalcone-indole hybrid scaffolds as promising anticancer drug candidates: a mini-review.

Cancer treatment is hampered by severe systemic side effects, poor tumor selectivity, and multidrug resistance (MDR). Molecular hybridization integrates chalcone and indole, two privileged antitumor pharmacophores, into one scaffold to generate chalcone-indole hybrids that synergistically enhance antitumor potency, improve tumor targeting, and reverse MDR. This mini-review analyzes literature from 2020 to 2026 on chalcone-indole anticancer hybrids. Based on structural modification patterns, the reported hybrids are categorized into four subgroups: simple substituted, α/β-position modified, N-1 fatty acid-substituted, and multi-pharmacophore fused hybrids. For each category, we summarize structure-activity relationships (SARs), antiproliferative activity, selective toxicity, molecular mechanisms, and in vivo xenograft performance. Most lead compounds exert tumor-suppressive effects via tubulin polymerization inhibition, G2/M cell cycle arrest, ROS overaccumulation, and mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis. Representative hybrids 10a, 12a, 21a, and 25a exhibit remarkable efficacy against drug-resistant colorectal, lung, and breast tumors with favorable in vivo safety. We highlight the application potential of different subtypes for specific malignancies, including α/β-modified analogues for resistant colorectal cancer, N-1 fatty acid-platinum conjugates for platinum-resistant lung cancer, NLRP3 inhibitor 7a for oral cancer, and multi-pharmacophore fused derivatives for broad-spectrum activity. Current bottlenecks limiting clinical transformation are discussed. This review provides structural design rules for developing novel chalcone-indole targeted anticancer agents.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Embedding cardiovascular risk assessment into routine BTK inhibitor management in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular (CV) toxicities remain a major challenge during Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi) therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Selecting the optimal BTKi based solely on a history of overt CV disease may underestimate underlying cardiovascular vulnerability. AREAS COVERED: We performed a targeted, non-systematic review of PubMed and MEDLINE to examine the association between baseline CV comorbidities and BTKi-related CV toxicities in CLL. Current evidence indicates that preferential use of BTKis with more favorable CV safety profiles, coupled with appropriate cardio-oncology surveillance, reduces the risk of CV adverse events in patients with pre-existing CV disease. In patients without established CV disease, the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation 2 (SCORE2) and SCORE2-Older Persons (SCORE2-OP) may help identify clinically meaningful latent CV risk, enabling early optimization of modifiable risk factors in line with the proactive cardiovascular management strategy endorsed by the 2026 European Hematology Association (EHA) CLL guidelines. EXPERT OPINION: A structured, risk-adapted approach integrating standardized CV risk assessment, early management of modifiable risk factors, individualized BTKi selection, and multidisciplinary cardio-oncology collaboration may improve the safety and tolerability of BTKi therapy in CLL. Pending prospective validation, SCORE2 and SCORE2-OP should complement, rather than replace, dedicated cardio-oncology evaluation.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Clinical Utility of Ultra-Widefield Swept-Source OCT for Intraocular Tumors: Comparison With Ultrasonography, SD-OCT, and MRI.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical performance of ultra-widefield swept-source optical coherence tomography (UWF-OCT) in the assessment of choroidal tumors and to compare it with ultrasonography (US), spectral-domain (SD)-OCT, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). DESIGN: Retrospective diagnostic comparison. SUBJECTS: Thirty-nine eyes from 39 patients diagnosed with choroidal tumors at a single tertiary referral center. METHODS: This retrospective diagnostic comparison evaluated patients diagnosed with choroidal tumors at a single tertiary referral center between January 2023 and August 2025. All patients underwent UWF-OCT imaging at diagnosis. Tumor measurements obtained with UWF-OCT were compared with US, SD-OCT, and MRI. Comparative analysis among imaging modalities and predictors affecting UWF-OCT applicability was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Tumor thickness (mm) and largest basal diameter (LBD, mm) measurements, and complete measurability rate across different tumor size categories. RESULTS: Thirty-nine eyes from 39 patients (mean age 59.2 ± 16.9 years) were analyzed, including 27 choroidal melanomas (69.2%), 5 metastatic tumors (12.8%), 4 hemangiomas (10.3%), 2 osteomas (5.1%), and 1 (2.6%) indeterminate choroidal melanocytic lesion. UWF-OCT successfully measured both tumor thickness and largest basal diameter (LBD) in 100% (31/31) of small and medium choroidal tumors, substantially outperforming SD-OCT (complete measurement achieved in 63.6% of small tumors, and 0% of medium or large tumors). UWF-OCT measurements were systematically smaller than ultrasonography (thickness: -32.3%, P < .01; LBD: -11.1%, P < .01) and MRI (thickness: -29.2%, P < .01). Mushroom-shaped tumor morphology was the strongest negative predictor of UWF-OCT quality (OR = 0.015, 95% CI 0.001-0.196, P < .01). UWF-OCT's complete measurability was limited in large tumors (12.5%, 1/8). CONCLUSIONS: UWF-OCT provides precise, noninvasive, single-scan assessment of small-to-medium choroidal tumors with detailed structural visualization. It may be particularly useful for dome-shaped tumors, while multimodal imaging with US and MRI remains optimal for complex morphologies. Overall, UWF-OCT represents a valuable tool for diagnosis and treatment planning, with potential utility for longitudinal follow-up in choroidal tumor management.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Biomass burning contributions to Mexico City's atmospheric CO2 estimated using a multi-isotope approach.

Fossil fuel combustion dominates anthropogenic emissions worldwide; however, special attention should be addressed to biomass burning, since it is an increasingly important contributor under warmer, drier fire-weather conditions exacerbated by climate change. These emissions could impact the atmospheric composition of heavily urbanized environments. To assess the influence of biomass burning, along with fossil fuels combustion and soil and plant respiration on Mexico City's atmospheric composition, we conducted a year-long (December 2023-December 2024) isotopic monitoring of atmospheric CO2, combining radiocarbon (Δ14C), CO2 stable isotopes (δ13C, δ18O), and CO/CO2 ratios. Once defined the isotopic signatures and the characteristic CO/CO2 that describe the sources, we performed Monte Carlo simulations under two tracer modalities (Δ14C + CO/CO2 and Δ14C + CO2 stable isotopes) for source apportionment. Results show that during the dry season, particularly in March-April, atmospheric Δ14C values approached and overlapped background levels despite Mexico City's fossil-fuel dominance, indicating enhanced non-fossil inputs. Moreover, backward HYSPLIT trajectories supported that these elevated Δ14C values coincided with regional wildfire activity. Monte Carlo results attributed up to ∼34 %-60 % of local CO2 to biomass burning in April, followed by March with contributions of ∼31 %-49 %. Since these biomass burning figures contrast with the official emissions inventory of Mexico City metropolitan area, which assigns <1 % of total CO2 emissions to biomass burning, this study could exhibit the emissions inventory underestimation of this source, and thus, the need to reassess and incorporate top-down isotopic constraints in fire-affected urban regions.

Mexico↗