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PubMed2026

Genome-wide identification of CXE gene family in soybean and functional characterization of GmCXE31 in lipid biosynthesis and salt tolerance.

GmCXE31 negatively regulates salt tolerance and lipid synthesis in soybean, and the cxe31-edited lines improve soybean yield and seed quality. Carboxylesterases (CXEs), as essential lipid hydrolases of the α/β-hydrolase fold superfamily, are critical for plant stress responses, hormone signaling and secondary metabolism. The key candidate gene GmCXE31 was previously identified in our laboratory through a genome‑wide association study (GWAS) of soybean lipid‑related traits. In the present study, we further identified 60 GmCXE family genes in soybean. Phylogenetic analysis clustered them into 11 conserved subfamilies. Cis-acting element analysis showed their promoters are enriched with elements related to abiotic stress, growth and hormone signaling, suggesting potential roles in soybean development and stress adaptation. GmCXE31 is highly expressed in seedling roots and responsive to strigolactones (SLs) and salt stress. Functional assays revealed that GmCXE31 negatively regulates soybean salt tolerance: its overexpression reduced salt tolerance in Arabidopsis and soybean under 150 mM NaCl stress, while its knockout enhanced this trait. Lipid profiling revealed GmCXE31-edited lines had higher seed oil content, elevated oleic/linoleic acid ratio and lower saturated fatty acid proportion, which was achieved by regulating lipid synthesis-related genes like GmNFYA. Agronomic trait analysis showed GmCXE31-edited lines had increased nodule number, plant height and single-plant yield at maturity, with opposite phenotypes in overexpression lines. In conclusion, this study elucidates the multifaceted roles of GmCXE31 in coordinating soybean salt tolerance, lipid metabolism and agronomic traits, providing theoretical and genetic resources for salt-tolerant and high-quality soybean molecular breeding.

Glycine max↗

PubMed2026

A Triple-Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Trial Comparing Hydromorphone vs. Fentanyl for Children Undergoing Tonsillectomy.

BACKGROUND: Tonsillectomy is one of the most frequently performed pediatric surgeries; however, little evidence guides the choice of intraoperative opioids in a population at an elevated risk for perioperative respiratory complications. This study tested the hypothesis that fewer children who received hydromorphone during tonsillectomy would require postoperative "rescue" opioids compared to children who received fentanyl. METHODS: We conducted a triple-blind, randomized, controlled trial to compare intravenous hydromorphone versus fentanyl in pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy. Children aged 2-15 years undergoing bilateral tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy were assigned (1:1) to receive hydromorphone (10 mcg/kg) or fentanyl (1 mcg/kg) intraoperatively. The primary endpoint was the number of patients who required rescue intravenous opioid analgesia following endotracheal extubation. Secondary endpoints included pain scores, pulse oximetry saturations, postoperative nausea, time in the recovery room, morphine milligram equivalents in the post-anesthesia care unit, and adverse events. RESULTS: A total of 188 children underwent randomization, and 180 were analyzed (90 in each group). The median age was 5 years (interquartile range: 3-7 years). Rescue intravenous opioid was administered to 48 (53%) children who received intraoperative hydromorphone and 66 (73%) children who received intraoperative fentanyl (difference, 20.0 percentage points; 95% confidence interval, 6.2-33.8) (p = 0.005). Children who received hydromorphone also had lower mean pain scores for the first 15 min postoperatively and lower median morphine milligram equivalents. The incidence of adverse events was similar between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study in children undergoing tonsillectomy found that intraoperative hydromorphone resulted in improved analgesia in the recovery room compared to fentanyl. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04230681.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2026

Construction of an infectious clone of Spodoptera frugiperda densovirus and its biological characteristics.

Densoviruses are highly pathogenic to their insect hosts and have great potential for biocontrol. Spodoptera frugiperda densovirus (SfDV) was isolated from diseased larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda, while its biological functions remain unclear. Herein, we successfully constructed an infectious clone of SfDV. The S. frugiperda larvae transfected with the infectious clone exhibited anorexia, stunted growth, and reduced activity. Histopathological analysis further showed that the epidermis, fat body and trachea were infected instead of muscle and midgut tissues. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that numerous virions of about 22 nm were distributed within both the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm of epidermal cells. Moreover, many virions were also found contained within vesicles in the cytoplasm. The replication kinetics of the rescued SfDV (rSfDV) was similar to that of the parental SfDV. The median lethal dose (LD50) and median lethal time (LT50) values of rSfDV were 6.63 × 107 viral genome copies (vgc), 5.23 d, respectively, which were also comparable to those of the parental SfDV. Taken together, the infectious clone of SfDV provides an important tool for further exploring the genome function, pathogenesis, and interactions with its hosts.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

A phase I clinical study of the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of SHR-2106, an anti-CD40 antibody, following single intravenous or subcutaneous administration in healthy participants.

BACKGROUND: SHR-2106 is a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody that blocks CD40-CD40L interactions and has demonstrated immunosuppressive activity and graft-prolonging effects in preclinical studies. This first-in-human Phase I study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and immunogenicity of single intravenous or subcutaneous doses of SHR-2106 in healthy adults. METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase I study enrolled healthy participants. Fifty-one participants were enrolled in seven cohorts and received five intravenous doses (50-1200 mg) or two subcutaneous doses (300 and 600 mg). Safety, serum pharmacokinetics, CD40 occupancy on B cells, and anti-drug antibodies were assessed using standard clinical and bioanalytical methods. RESULTS: SHR-2106 demonstrated a favorable safety and tolerability profile, and most treatment-emergent adverse events were mild to moderate laboratory abnormalities with incidence rates comparable to placebo. SHR-2106 exhibited nonlinear pharmacokinetics consistent with target-mediated drug disposition, with a dose-dependent increase in geometric mean terminal half-life following intravenous administration (1.83-10.7 days). Absolute bioavailability after subcutaneous administration was approximately 60%. CD40 occupancy exceeded 80% within 24 h at all doses, with saturation duration increasing from 7 to 70 days across the intravenous dose range and remaining comparable between routes at matched doses. Anti-drug antibody incidence decreased with increasing intravenous dose and did not significantly affect pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics. CONCLUSION: SHR-2106 was well tolerated and achieved rapid and sustained CD40 engagement, supporting dose and route selection for Phase II studies.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Single-Dose Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Inhibitor, Budigalimab, in People With HIV-1 With Antiretroviral Therapy-Suppressed Viral Load.

BACKGROUND: Blockade of inhibitory immune checkpoint receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) on target immune cells is associated with improved HIV-specific immune function and activation of latent HIV. This randomized, placebo-controlled, Phase 1b study assessed low doses of investigational anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, budigalimab, for safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics in people with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy. METHODS: Participants received single doses of budigalimab 10 mg subcutaneous (SC), 20 mg SC, 10 mg intravenous (IV), or placebo (n = 8 per arm) and were followed for 24 weeks. RESULTS: Of 32 randomized participants, 22 reported adverse event(s) (AE); most (n = 19) were grade ≤2 and no grade ≥4 AE or treatment-related serious AE. Two participants reported a non-treatment-related grade 3 AE (placebo, n = 1 pneumonia; 10 mg IV, n = 1 elevated aspartate aminotransferase). One reversible immune-related AE (grade 2 lichenoid keratosis) was reported (20 mg SC). Geometric mean maximum serum concentrations were 0.37, 1.57, and 3.2 µg/mL with 10 mg SC, 20 mg SC, and 10 mg IV, respectively. Drug exposure with 20 versus 10 mg SC dosing was more than dose proportional and less variable. Subcutaneous bioavailability was approximately 53%-62%. The PD-1 receptor saturation was ≥95% in most participants (median duration: 20 mg SC, 42 days; 10 mg SC, 14 days; 10 mg IV, 35 days). CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest an acceptable safety profile for single-dose budigalimab in PWH, with a favorable pharmacokinetic profile for 20 mg SC and 10 mg IV. Further evaluation as a potential component of an HIV treatment is underway.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

AI-driven snapshot hyperspectral imaging for on-line sorting systems in food industry: From real-time sensing to intelligent decision-making.

High-throughput food sorting requires rapid, non-destructive detection of external defects, foreign materials, and internal quality attributes in heterogeneous food matrices. Conventional scanning hyperspectral imaging may suffer from motion-induced spatial-spectral mismatches, whereas snapshot hyperspectral imaging (S-HSI) captures spectral images within a single integration time. However, its advantage is limited by trade-offs in resolution, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), reconstruction uncertainty, and calibration stability, which are further amplified by variable tissue structure, surface reflection, moisture, and fat distribution in foods. This review critically examines artificial intelligence (AI)-driven S-HSI for on-line food sorting within a sensing-representation-decision-execution framework. Compact architectures are compared according to their physical constraints, food-sorting suitability, and ability to support mapping between spectral responses and physicochemical quality attributes. AI strategies are reviewed for spectral reconstruction, image restoration, spatial-spectral representation, band selection, uncertainty-aware decision-making, and edge implementation. AI can partially compensate for snapshot-specific limitations, but current evidence remains largely limited to laboratory or prototype studies. Future work should link system performance to food safety and quality outcomes by reporting throughput, decision latency, calibration drift, missed-detection risk, false-rejection cost, and closed-loop sorting success.

Hyperspectral Imaging↗

PubMed2026

Amino acid reprogramming and biofilm-specific tricarboxylate transporters in PET-degrading Piscinibacter sakaiensis.

Plastic-degrading bacteria predominantly colonize polymer surfaces as biofilms, yet it remains unclear whether the biofilm phenotype contributes to metabolism beyond retaining extracellular enzymes. Here, we combine population-level RNA-sequencing across three conditions-biofilm cells on polyethylene terephthalate (PET), planktonic cells incubated with PET, and planktonic cells on maltose-with single-cell Raman spectroscopy to characterize the PET response of Piscinibacter sakaiensis (formerly Ideonella sakaiensis). This integrated approach reveals two metabolically distinct response layers. A carbon-source-driven response shared by all PET-exposed cells is dominated by a broad amino acid reprogramming, led by upregulation of branched-chain amino acid transport genes, enhanced serine biosynthesis, and reduced chemotaxis. A biofilm-specific layer selectively induces tripartite tricarboxylate transporter genes from three distinct genomic loci. This transcriptional feature is accompanied by a single-cell phenotype consistent with a protein-rich and saturated membrane. These results suggest that biofilm formation is not limited to enzyme retention but is associated with selective activation of transport systems, consistent with a putative role in capturing PET-derived intermediates at the polymer interface. This two-layer model separates general metabolic adaptation to PET from biofilm-specific functions and provides a framework for understanding how surface-associated bacterial physiology contributes to plastic degradation.IMPORTANCEPolyethylene terephthalate (PET) degradation in natural and engineered environments is largely mediated by surface-attached microbial communities, yet the physiological role of biofilm state during plastic degradation remains poorly understood. Using the model PET degrader Piscinibacter sakaiensis, we show that biofilm-associated cells are not simply retained near the polymer surface but exhibit a distinct metabolic program characterized by selective induction of tripartite tricarboxylate transporters. In contrast, extensive amino acid reprogramming occurs in both biofilm and planktonic PET-exposed cells, indicating that it is driven by carbon source rather than surface attachment. These findings reveal that PET degradation involves two separable physiological layers: a general metabolic response to PET-derived carbon shared across cell phenotypes, and a biofilm-specific transport response potentially linked to substrate capture at the plastic interface. This work advances our understanding of how microbial physiology is organized during plastic biodegradation and identifies transport processes as previously unrecognized components of PET-degrading biofilms.

PET biodegradation↗

PubMed2026

Ketamine Plus Midazolam versus Fentanyl Plus Midazolam for Sedation and Analgesia during Image-guided Procedures in Interventional Radiology: Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background Opioid-benzodiazepine regimens remain common for radiologist-administered procedural sedation despite respiratory and analgesic effectiveness concerns. Purpose To compare intraprocedural pain and patient-reported experience between ketamine/midazolam and fentanyl/midazolam during image-guided procedural sedation. Materials and Methods This randomized clinical trial was conducted at a single academic center between June 2025 and February 2026. Adults undergoing image-guided lung or bone biopsy or abscess drainage were randomized to fentanyl/midazolam or ketamine/midazolam administered by interventional radiologists. Procedures were performed using US, CT, CT fluoroscopy, or combined CT and US guidance. The primary outcome was maximum intraprocedural pain (0-10 on the Numeric Rating Scale). Secondary outcomes included sedation depth, physiologic parameters, oxygen desaturation, patient-reported experience assessed using a modified Heidelberg questionnaire, and complications. Results Among 264 randomized procedures (132 procedures per group) in 260 participants (median age, 68 years [IQR, 61-75 years]; 135 [52%] female), ketamine/midazolam resulted in lower maximum intraprocedural pain than fentanyl/midazolam (mean difference, -1.4 points [95% CI: -2.0, -0.8]; P < .001). Pain scores greater than 4 occurred less frequently with ketamine/midazolam (2.3% vs 17%; absolute difference, 14 percentage points [95% CI: 8, 21]; P < .001). Ketamine/midazolam was associated with higher nadir oxygen saturation (mean difference, +1.4% [95% CI: 0.6, 2.2]; P = .001) and fewer oxygen desaturation events below 90% (three [2.3%] vs 13 [9.8%]; absolute difference, 7.6 percentage points [95% CI: 1.9, 13.3]; P = .02). Ketamine/midazolam produced deeper sedation and higher intraprocedural systolic blood pressure. Hallucinations occurred more frequently with ketamine/midazolam (15 [11.4%] vs five [3.8%]; absolute difference, 7.6 percentage points [95% CI: 1.3, 13.9]; P = .03), though overall procedural comfort, reduced recall, and perceived adequacy of sedation were improved. Procedure-related and sedation-related complications did not differ between groups. Conclusion Radiologist-administered ketamine/midazolam during image-guided procedural sedation improved analgesia and patient-reported experience with fewer hypoxemic events and no increase in complications compared with fentanyl/midazolam. Clinical trial registration no. NCT07040163

Aged↗

PubMed2026

BIOCARD framework: integrating fecal bile acids, lipids, and metabolites to assess response to a cardiovascular health intervention.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in under-resourced populations. Although nutritional interventions are important for CVD prevention, their outcomes are commonly evaluated using conventional clinical and behavioral indicators, which may not fully capture early molecular responses. In this study, we developed the BIOCARD framework, an exploratory fecal multi-omics platform integrating bile acids, lipids, and metabolites to evaluate intervention outcomes related to cardiovascular health. Fecal samples were collected from caregiver-child participants enrolled in a 10-week randomized controlled trial comparing a multicomponent garden-based intervention (SHA) with an education-only control group (MSP). Fecal polar metabolites, lipids, and bile acids were analyzed by UHPLC-HRMS-based approaches and integrated with conventional health indicators. Traditional clinical indicators in the present study showed limited sensitivity for detecting intervention-related differences. In contrast, fecal multi-omics analyzes revealed intervention-associated differences in metabolites, lipids, and bile acids, with children showing more apparent molecular variation than parents. Network analysis further revealed associations between selected molecular features and cardiovascular-related indicators, including blood pressure, body fat, skin carotenoids, and Healthy Eating Index scores. Together, these findings suggest that the BIOCARD framework may serve as an exploratory molecular approach to complement traditional outcome measures and improve the evaluation of nutritional interventions for cardiovascular health.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Weight Loss without Food Intake Suppression through Size-Dependent Retention of Anti-Inflammatory Nanomedicines.

Obesity is a risk factor for high-mortality health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes, which makes the advancement of efficacious and safe weight loss therapies a high priority in pharmacology. The causal link between obesity and its comorbid conditions is believed to be a chronic state of inflammation originating within adipose tissue, with macrophages playing central roles, an axis that is not targeted directly by current therapies. Here, we use nanocarriers to deliver an anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid receptor agonist to adipose tissue macrophages and report the impact of size on therapeutic effect. Three dextran nanocarriers between 4-30 nm in hydrodynamic diameter released molecular drug cargo at equivalent rates and exhibited similar biological potency in vitro. In vivo in a mouse model of obesity, body weight and body fat were reduced in a size-dependent manner after 2-4 weeks of treatment. Unlike current clinical pharmacotherapies for weight loss, these body composition changes were not associated with changes in food intake. Greater retention of larger dextran nanocarriers in visceral adipose tissue appears to elicit a local change to promote browning by increasing mitochondrial abundance and lipid droplet fragmentation. Further development of this platform may result in a safe and potent modulator of adipose tissue in the state of obesity without direct action on nutrient intake to address malnutrition and lean body mass deficiencies observed with current weight loss pharmacotherapies.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Natural deep eutectic solvent in situ formation-based extraction method coupled to high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection for multiclass carbohydrates in hot pot bases.

A novel method was developed for the simultaneous extraction of fourteen multiclass carbohydrates from high-fat foods via the in situ formation of deep eutectic adducts from analytes and acetate ions. Different natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) composed of fructose and organic acids were tested as extraction solvents. A model NADES formulated with sodium acetate and fructose was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. The critical extraction parameters were systematically optimized using multi-response surface methodology (MRSM) with a central composite design (CCD). The extract was analyzed using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) using a sodium hydroxide-sodium acetate eluent, which did not require organic solvents. This approach exhibited good linearity over the concentration range of 0.02-10 mg L-1, with correlation coefficients (r) ranging from 0.9994 to 0.9999. The limits of detection and quantification were in the ranges of 0.06-0.42 mg kg-1 and 0.19-1.3 mg kg-1, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of liquid chromatography (LC). The protocol was successfully applied to the determination of fourteen carbohydrates in forty-five hotpot seasoning samples. The recoveries ranged from 86.3% to 104.1%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.9-7.1%. By integrating multiple techniques, this strategy simplifies operations, shortens extraction time, and achieves baseline separation of three carbohydrate classes that exhibit poor resolution using a conventional LC method. This study describes an efficient procedure for the simultaneous determination of multiple trace-level carbohydrates in complex samples using HPAEC-PAD.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2026

The effects of fitspiration TikTok content on body image and mood among young adult women in the U.S.

Fitspiration is an appearance-based form of media that promotes physical fitness and dieting. While not true of all fitspiration media, some forms promote these ideals through visuals of toned, athletic bodies that have become increasingly prevalent on the short-form video platform, TikTok. Although often framed as health-promoting, fitspiration exposure has been associated with upward appearance comparison (i.e., comparison with people perceived as more attractive) and negative effects on body image and mood. The present study investigated the effects of short-form video-based fitspiration on social comparison, appearance importance, appearance anxiety, body dissatisfaction, and negative affect. Using an experimental design, 150 undergraduate women (Mage = 19.28) in the United States were randomly assigned to view a five-minute TikTok compilation of either animal (n = 75) or fitspiration videos (n = 75). Participants completed baseline measures prior to viewing and state-level measures after completing their video set. Results indicated that, relative to control, viewing fitspiration content led to greater social comparison, appearance concerns, feelings of being fat, and sadness. Baseline appearance concerns and depressive symptoms significantly moderated group differences in responses, such that negative fitspiration effects on state-level appearance concerns were found among individuals high but not low in baseline appearance concerns and among individuals low but not high in baseline depressive symptoms. These findings contribute to the growing literature on fitspiration by demonstrating the immediate psychological effects of this content in short-form videos and highlighting the importance of considering individual differences in vulnerability.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Gut microbial diversity at baseline conditions the clinical, microbiome, and metabolic response to paraprobiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LRCC5282 in overweight adults.

The gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as a target for obesity management; however, whether baseline gut microbial diversity conditions responsiveness to microbiota-targeted interventions remains unclear. We aimed to investigate whether baseline gut microbial diversity is associated with responsiveness to a paraprobiotic derived from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LRCC5282 (LP5282-P) in overweight adults. In a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial of 120 overweight adults, LP5282-P produced no significant between-group differences in any clinical outcome across the overall per-protocol population. However, in the low-diversity subgroup, LP5282-P was associated with significant reductions in body weight, body mass index, and circulating leptin levels. These clinical changes were accompanied by compositional shifts in the gut microbiota, including higher relative abundances of Christensenellaceae, Faecalibacterium, and Alistipes. Fecal metabolite profiles showed elevated acetate and butyrate concentrations and altered bile acid composition. Within the low-diversity subgroup, changes in the relative abundances of Akkermansia and Eubacterium were inversely correlated with changes in body weight, body fat mass, and leptin levels. In contrast, the high-diversity subgroup exhibited no consistent response across the outcome domains examined. Overall, baseline gut microbial diversity was associated with differential responsiveness to LP5282-P, supporting its potential use as a stratification variable in future microbiota-targeted intervention trials. Further studies integrating direct measures of microbial activity and host response are warranted to elucidate the biological pathways underlying this diversity-dependent responsiveness. Trial registration: Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS), KCT0008119.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Improved comprehensive profiling of fecal bile acids through chemical derivatization combined with HPLC-MS/MS analysis.

Bile acids (BAs) facilitate the digestion and absorption of fats and influence lipid and glucose homeostasis, making them potential therapeutic targets for obesity and related metabolic disorders. The liver and intestinal microbiota modify BAs structurally, generating diverse chemical forms and isomers. Comprehensive profiling of the BA pool is critical for understanding their key biological functions and as a therapeutic approach for related diseases. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) is usually chosen as the preferred method for BA detection due to the complex chemical structures, the wide range of actual concentrations and the complexity of fecal sample matrices. However, free BAs are difficult to ionize, resulting in low detection signals and a lack of characteristic structural fragments to assist in structural identification. In this method, the labeling reagent (2-aminoethyl) trimethylammonium (AETMA) is employed to label the carboxyl group of BAs. Compared with underivatized BAs, the detection sensitivity of unconjugated BAs was enhanced by 25-180 fold, while that of conjugated BAs increased by 6-160 fold. It also generates unique fragment ions and enhances MS response, facilitating the discovery of potential BAs. Methodological parameters were validated using 38 BAs as representatives. Through methodological validation, it was verified that the precision, recovery, matrix effect and stability parameters of the method met acceptable criteria. We also identified 61 confirmed BAs and 55 additional candidate BAs in human pooled fecal samples. It has been successfully applied to fecal BA analysis in obese populations, providing valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies for obesity.

Tandem Mass Spectrometry↗

PubMed2026

Effects of Family-Based Intervention for Childhood Obesity on Parental and Offspring Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Childhood obesity is a global public health issue with strong familial and intergenerational transmission. However, existing syntheses often overlook the active role of parents and fail to assess outcomes beyond the child. This systematic review and meta-analysis specifically investigate the effects of family-based interventions, which position parents as active co-agents of change, on health outcomes for both children with obesity and their parents. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. Six databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) targeting children with obesity and at least one family member. Primary outcomes were children's BMI z-score and parental BMI; secondary outcomes included other adiposity measures and dietary behaviors. Outcomes for both children and parents were synthesized. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on intervention characteristics. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2, and evidence certainty was evaluated using GRADE. RESULTS: Twenty RCTs with 1740 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The interventions demonstrated a significant reduction in children's BMI z-score. Additional benefits were observed for long-term BMI z-score and percentage of total body fat. The most effective interventions commonly integrate health education, behavioral strategies, and motivational support. Subgroup analyses indicated that interventions positioning parents as active co-participants, rather than mere supporters, yielded larger effects. However, no significant effects were found on parental BMI. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that family-based interventions can confer significant benefits for children with obesity. Their success hinges on strategically framing parents as active co-agents and integrating motivational strategies.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Diagnostic performance of intraoperative in vivo hyperspectral imaging for meningioma grading and molecular alterations: results from a prospective feasibility study.

OBJECTIVE: Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is an emerging intraoperative, noninvasive, contrast agent-free imaging modality that enables quantitative assessment of tissue composition. The present study aimed to investigate whether HSI-derived tissue parameters correlate with WHO grade and molecular markers of aggressiveness in cranial meningiomas. METHODS: In this prospective study, intraoperative in vivo HSI was performed using the TIVITA tissue system, capturing spectral signatures between 500 and 1000 nm. Quantitative tissue parameters included tissue oxygen saturation (StO2), near-infrared perfusion index, organ hemoglobin index (OHI), and tissue water index (TWI). HSI parameters were correlated with histopathological WHO grade and molecular alterations, including CDKN2A/B deletion, TERT promoter mutation, and 1p/22q loss. Group differences were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, and diagnostic performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS: Forty-six meningiomas were included, comprising WHO grade 1 (n = 35) and WHO grade 2-3 (n = 11) tumors. TWI was significantly higher in WHO grade 2-3 meningiomas compared with WHO grade 1 tumors (mean 0.49 [SD 0.12] vs 0.38 [SD 0.17], p = 0.048). ROC analysis demonstrated an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.71 (95% CI 0.56-0.86, p = 0.036) for TWI in discriminating higher-grade disease. A TWI cutoff ≥ 0.367 identified all WHO grade 2-3 meningiomas with 100% sensitivity and 100% negative predictive value. In a molecular subgroup (n = 15), OHI appeared higher in tumors with homozygous CDKN2A/B deletion than in nondeleted tumors (mean 0.77 [SD 0.04] vs 0.62 [SD 0.10]). However, only 3 CDKN2A/B-deleted cases were available, and these findings should be considered descriptive. ROC analysis yielded an AUC of 0.89 (95% CI 0.71-1.00). An OHI cutoff ≥ 0.712 identified all three CDKN2A/B-deleted tumors (100% sensitivity), with 83.3% specificity and 86.7% accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: The present investigation demonstrated that HSI-derived tissue water and hemoglobin metrics provide biologically meaningful information in meningiomas. Low tissue water content appeared to rule out higher-grade diseases in this first subset cohort, while elevated hemoglobin showed a potential association with CDKN2A/B deletion in a small exploratory subgroup. These findings support the potential of HSI as a real-time noninvasive tool for intraoperative risk stratification and should be evaluated in large-scale studies. German Clinical Trials Register no. DRKS00036771 (www.drks.de).

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Effects of cinnamon supplementation combined with exercise training on anthropometric indices and reproductive hormones in overweight and obese women.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of obesity and increased fat in the chest and abdomen in women and hormonal changes, can affect female fertility. The present study aims to investigate the effect of exercise training combined with cinnamon supplementation on chest and abdominal circumference, as well as sex hormones, in overweight and obese women. METHODS: Twenty-six inactive overweight and obese women were randomly allocated to an exercise (E; n = 13) and exercise plus cinnamon supplementation (E+S; n = 13) group. Both groups completed a 4-week exercise program three times weekly, while the E+S group additionally received cinnamon supplementation three times weekly. Chest and abdominal circumferences and serum concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were assessed before and after the intervention. RESULTS: Significant pre-to-post reductions in chest and abdominal circumference were observed in both groups (all p ≤ 0.005). Estradiol, progesterone, and FSH concentrations increased, whereas LH concentrations decreased significantly in both groups (all p ≤ 0.005). However, between-group comparisons revealed a significant difference only for chest circumference (p = 0.003), with no significant group differences in abdominal circumference or any reproductive hormone concentration (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both groups showed favorable changes in anthropometric and reproductive hormone measures following the 4-week study period. However, the significant between-group difference was limited to chest circumference, providing no clear evidence that cinnamon supplementation conferred additional benefits for abdominal circumference or reproductive hormone profiles beyond those observed with exercise. These findings highlight the potential relevance of exercise-based interventions while warranting confirmation in larger, adequately powered trials.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Evidence-based insights into medial pedicle reduction mammaplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Breast reduction relieves the physical and psychosocial burden of macromastia. Medial pedicle reduction mammaplasty may enhance vascular reliability, preserve nipple-areola complex (NAC) sensation, and sustain upper pole fullness, even in large-volume reductions. The purpose of this study was to assess the outcomes of medial pedicle breast reduction. METHODS: A search across ScienceDirect, Cochrane, and PubMed was conducted. Included studies reported on perioperative outcomes and complications of medial pedicle breast reduction. Data on demographics, surgical variables, complications, sensory recovery, volumetric changes, and patient satisfaction were extracted. Proportion meta-analysis was performed, and odds ratios were calculated for comparison with inferior pedicle breast reduction. RESULTS: Twenty-five studies comprising 1033 patients met the inclusion criteria. Mean BMI ranged from 27 to 42 kg/m2, with mean resection weights between 412 and 3828 g. Mean surgical times ranged from 104 to 204 min. Pooled complication rates were low: infection 1%, seroma 1%, hematoma 1%, fat necrosis 2%, NAC necrosis 1%, dehiscence 8%, and reintervention 5%. Odds of complications did not differ significantly from inferior pedicle reductions. NAC sensation typically recovered by 6-12 months, with no long-term deficits. Volumetric analyses demonstrated stable breast shape after the first postoperative year, with superior upper pole tissue maintained. Patient satisfaction ranged 75-100%, with higher ratings for scar appearance and overall aesthetics in medial pedicle reductions. CONCLUSION: Medial pedicle breast reduction is a well-established and reproducible technique, preserving NAC sensation, achieving stable long-term shape, and enhancing upper pole fullness. It offers satisfactory aesthetic outcomes compared to other traditional methods, even in large-volume reductions.

Humans↗