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PubMed2026

The Meaning and Significance of Breastfeeding for Biological Mothers of Children with Cleft Lip and/or Palate.

INTRODUCTION: Given the functional, emotional, and symbolic challenges imposed by cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) on exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), mothers often experience early breastfeeding cessation with impacts on maternal identity and the mother-infant bond. This study aimed to explore the meanings, feelings, and experiences of mothers of children with CL/P regarding breastfeeding in the face of these adversities. METHODS: This qualitative study applied the Clinical-Qualitative Method as proposed by Turato. Six in-depth semistructured interviews were conducted with biological mothers of children with CL/P, recruited from a specialized craniofacial reference center in Brazil. Data were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis approach, grounded in psychodynamic concepts from the Medical Psychology theoretical framework. RESULTS: Based on the analysis of the collected material, three analytical categories were identified and constructed: (1) "Existential conflict regarding the inability to fulfill the ideal maternal role"; (2) "Duality between the need and the fear of caregiving"; and (3) "The anguish experienced between tangible and intangible support during breastfeeding."Conclusions:Although the inability to EBF in children with CL/P generates emotional distress, motherhood is reimagined through adaptive forms of care and bonding, highlighting gaps in institutional support and the need for more humanized, emotionally sensitive health practices.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Integrated miRNA-mRNA profiling reveals candidate regulatory relationships associated with high-fat diet-induced muscle lipid deposition in black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii).

High-fat diets are increasingly used in aquaculture due to their protein-sparing effects; however, the post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of fish muscle in response to high-fat diets (HFD) remain unclear. In this study, juvenile black seabream were fed either a normal-fat diet (NFD) or a HFD to investigate the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network associated with diet-induced muscle lipid deposition. Oil Red O staining and biochemical analysis showed that high-fat diet feeding markedly increased lipid droplet accumulation and crude lipid content in muscle, indicating significant induction of muscle lipid deposition. Integrated mRNA and miRNA expression profiling revealed substantial transcriptomic and post-transcriptional responses to high-fat diet challenge. A total of 271 differentially expressed genes were identified, including 120 upregulated and 151 downregulated genes. Through combined target prediction and expression correlation analysis, thirteen candidate inverse miRNA-mRNA relationships were subsequently identified, and RT-qPCR supported the expression patterns of selected miRNAs and mRNAs. These pairs included miR-499-x-dmgdh, miR-499-y-gatm, miR-727-y-ass1, miR-4649-x-foxo4, miR-9129-z-myl7, and several novel miRNA-mediated interactions involving adk, chst11, lypla2, frem2, kcnc4, wars1, bag2, and capn2. Functional analysis suggested that these regulatory pairs were mainly associated with metabolic adaptation, structural remodeling, and cellular stress responses. In particular, gatm, dmgdh, ass1, and adk were associated with energy metabolism-related processes, including pathways previously linked to Ampk regulation, whereas myl7, frem2, and kcnc4 may contribute to muscle structural maintenance and excitability regulation. Overall, this study provides candidate miRNA-mRNA regulatory relationships potentially involved in high-fat diet-induced muscle lipid deposition and adaptive remodeling in black seabream, offering a basis for future functional studies on muscle metabolism and quality regulation in marine fish.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Eating Experiences During Cancer Treatment in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Synthesis.

Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) aged 15-39 with cancer face distinct challenges during treatment, with eating consistently emerging as one of the most distressing and underrecognized concerns. At a critical life stage, AYAs must navigate illness-related consequences that profoundly affect well-being. Eating reflects these broader challenges and is identified as a key issue requiring health care attention. To address this, we synthesized evidence on AYAs' eating experiences and well-being during mealtime-related activities to inform health care practice. Qualitative and mixed-method studies were identified through searches across CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published up to May 2025, supplemented by snowball searches. Of 3214 records, 74 full-text articles were reviewed, and 18 met the inclusion criteria. These represented 302 AYAs, 73 relatives, and 88 health care professionals. Studies were analyzed using Joanna Briggs Institute review methods and GRADE-CERQual to support clinical interpretability. The meta-synthesis identified one core theme: "Eating as an embodied struggle and act of agency," with three subthemes: (a) living through physical and sensory disruption, (b) carrying the weight of new emotions and shifting relations, and (c) finding ways through gaps in support. Eating emerged as a disrupted, emotionally charged, yet agentic act requiring sensitive, individualized approaches. Thirteen evidence-informed recommendations were developed to guide clinical application. These emphasize early nutritional screening, dietetic support, flexible meal options, respectful family involvement, and psychosocially attuned care. Future research should codevelop and evaluate tailored interventions that address AYAs' embodied, emotional, and social needs to improve eating-related quality of life during cancer treatment.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

The Effect of Breastfeeding on Cervical Dysplasias.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between breastfeeding and precancerous cervical lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case control study was conducted at a tertiary training and research hospital between September 1 and November 1, 2023. A total of 168 patients who attended the gynecology outpatient clinic and reported their breastfeeding experiences were included. Patients with abnormal cervical cytology formed the study group (n = 37), while patients with normal cytology formed the control group (n = 131). Breastfeeding duration and patterns were compared between groups. RESULTS: The control group had normal smear results. In the study group, 15 patients had high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and 22 patients had low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Human papillomavirus (HPV) was positive in 54.1% of the study group versus 9.2% of the control group. The mean breastfeeding duration was shorter in the study group (9.18 ± 3.43 months) than the control group (23.6 ± 3.35 months; p < 0.05). Most control group patients breastfed for 13-36 months (35.1%), while most study group patients breastfed for <6 months (48.6%; p < 0.05). Shorter breastfeeding (<6 months) and HPV positivity were the strongest predictors of abnormal cytology. Breastfeeding <6 months increased the risk 9.883-fold compared with >36 months, while HPV positivity increased the risk 27.612-fold. CONCLUSION: Breastfeeding and longer breastfeeding duration appear to be associated with a lower risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Given its multiple health benefits, including prevention of gynecological cancers, promoting breastfeeding through public health policies is strongly recommended. Early recognition and prevention of precancerous lesions remain essential to reducing the risk of cervical cancer.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Impact of Integrated Continuous Team Midwifery Care on Breastfeeding Success within the Iranian Health System: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

INTRODUCTION: Supporting women during the perinatal period helps build confidence, strengthens early bonding between mother and baby, and encourages successful breastfeeding. Continuous midwifery care models are one of the ways that support women in this periods. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of integrated continuous team midwifery care (ICTMC) in enhancing breastfeeding success in the Iranian health system. METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial, 200 low-risk primiparous women with a gestational age of less than 12 weeks were recruited from public health centers. Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group, which received continuous midwifery care throughout pregnancy, childbirth, and postnatal follow-up, or the control group, which received routine care. The primary outcomes were early skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding success at the time of discharge and at 4-6 weeks postpartum. Data were analyzed using Stata, employing descriptive statistics, Chi-square, independent t-test, Phi/Cramer's V, and Cohen's d. The p < 0.05 is significant. Data were analyzed with SPSS 26. RESULTS: ICTMC groups were significantly more likely to initiate skin-to-skin contactearly skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth (92% vs. 74%, p < 0.001) and achieve successful breastfeeding at the discharge time (88% vs. 70%, p = 0.002) compared to the control group. At 6 weeks postpartum, breastfeeding success remained higher in the intervention group (82% vs. 65%, p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Women with ICTMC, effectively support skin-to-skin contactearly mother-infant bonding and enhance breastfeeding success among low-risk primiparous women. Integrating this model into routine maternal care may improve perinatal outcomes.

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PubMed2026

The combined and independent influence of food texture and a 'mindful eating' instruction on eating rate and food intake among Dutch primary schoolchildren.

Eating rate (ER), the amount of food consumed per unit of time, is a key determinant of food intake, with faster ER associated with larger meal size. Research in adults has shown that both sensory properties like texture, and instructions can influence ER and intake. However, their independent and combined effect on ER and intake in children remain poorly understood. This study examined the effects of food texture and a 'mindful eating' instruction on ER and food intake in children. Children (N = 73), 38 boys, aged 4-12 years, participated in a 4-week cluster-randomized incomplete cross-over study conducted during regular school lunches. Using a 2×3 factorial design, children were exposed to two levels of food texture (softer vs. harder whole-grain buns) and three types of instructions (none, control, 'mindful'). Linear mixed models with repeated measures were used, adjusting for sex and group. As the interaction between food-texture and type of instructions was non-significant, it was excluded from the final models. Results revealed a strong main effect of food texture on ER and food intake (all p < 0.001), where compared with softer buns, harder buns were associated with a slower eating rate (Δ = -6.67 g/min, SE = 0.59) and reduced food intake (Δ = -70 g, SE = 8). In contrast, type of instruction had no significant effect on ER or intake (p = 0.85). Our findings demonstrate that food texture exerts a dominant influence on children's eating rate and food intake, highlighting texture modification as a potential leverage point for influencing ER and intake in children.

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PubMed2026

Development, feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary impact of NutriSOS®: A behavioral mobile app to promote sustainable diets.

The primary objective of this study was to describe the development of the NutriSOS® app and to evaluate its feasibility and acceptability for its use in the NutriSOS® Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) to promote sustainable diets. A secondary objective was to explore preliminary changes in dietary and physical activity behaviors and environmental impact following app use. The NutriSOS® app integrates personalized dietary advice, educational content, self-monitoring, and social interaction features. A single-arm, pre-post pilot study was conducted in 37 young Mexican adults over four weeks. Feasibility, acceptability, quality, and usability were assessed using online surveys, alongside exploratory changes in dietary and physical activity behaviors, environmental indicators, and their association with perceived behavioral determinants. Feasibility and acceptability were high overall, with favorable responses reaching up to 100% in key components such as the nutritional guide and learning modules, and above 90% for messaging, registration, and design. Greater variability was observed in some sections, particularly the 24-h recall (41-86%). Reductions in red and processed meat and ultra-processed food consumption were observed (from 3 to 1 times/week, p < 0.01), with ∼60% decreases in their related environmental footprints (p < 0.01) and favorable self-reported behavioral determinants (p < 0.0001). Physical activity type and intensity changed (p < 0.05). These findings support NutriSOS® as a feasible and acceptable tool, while highlighting areas for refinement, particularly those related to the time and effort required for data entry, prior to its implementation in the NutriSOS® RCT, in which its effectiveness will be formally evaluated.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Effects of intensive lifestyle interventions with calorie-carbohydrate-restricted diet versus time-restricted eating on appetite and binge eating in type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial.

The impact of intensive lifestyle interventions on appetite regulation and binge eating in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear. This study evaluated the effects of combined lifestyle interventions on appetite responses and binge eating in overweight or obese adults with T2D. In a randomized trial, 120 participants with T2D were allocated to three groups (n = 40 each): (1) Calorie-carbohydrate restriction (CCR), (2) Time-restricted eating with CCR (TRE + CCR), or (3) Control. Intervention groups received structured exercise and behavioral education based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model. Appetite perceptions (hunger, satiety, desire to eat, and prospective food consumption) and binge eating (Binge Eating Scale; BES and objective binge episodes) were evaluated at baseline, week 12, and week 24 using linear mixed models. Both CCR and TRE + CCR significantly improved subjective appetite compared with the control group at 12 and 24 weeks (all p < 0.01). At 24 weeks, hunger decreased by -24.1 mm (95% CI: -35.8, -12.5) in the CCR group and -32.7 mm (95% CI: -44.2, -21.3) in the TRE + CCR group. Satiety also increased by 21.7 mm (95% CI: 9.46, 33.9) and 29.4 mm (95% CI: 17.4, 41.4), respectively. Significant reductions were observed for desire to eat and prospective food consumption. In contrast, changes in BES and objective binge episodes were not significantly different between groups at any time point. No significant differences were detected between the CCR and the TRE + CCR groups. Intensive lifestyle interventions incorporating CCR or TRE + CCR effectively reduced appetite in adults with T2D but did not significantly affect binge eating. Future research should target individuals with higher baseline BES scores to clarify potential benefits for binge eating behavior.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

The relationship between food intake and outdoor temperature in a longitudinal study: a public health perspective in the context of global warming.

BACKGROUND: Climate change affects human health and nutrition. Rising temperatures may significantly impact diets, but research on their influence on dietary habits in large populations remains limited. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to study the link between outdoor temperature and energy-adjusted food consumption across profiles in a longitudinal study. METHODS: This study included 100,851 participants from the NutriNet-Santé study (2009-2023) with 1,716,046 24-h dietary records linked to daily maximum outdoor temperature at the residence, from the nearest Météo-France station. Associations were analyzed using linear mixed models with interactions tested for sex and 6 socioeconomic profiles (employees, privileged, intermediate, young, disadvantaged, and retirees) derived from clustering. RESULTS: Across all subgroups, higher outdoor temperature was associated with higher consumption of fruits, vegetables, processed meats, sweet products, water, alcoholic beverages, and sugar-sweetened beverages, whereas consumption of red meat, pulses, and dairy products decreased. From 25°C to 35°C, the increase in alcohol consumption with temperature was more pronounced in males {150 g/d [95% confidence interval (CI): 147 g/d, 153 g/d] to 166 g/d [95% CI: 162 g/d, 171 g/d], +11%} than in females [101 g/d (95% CI: 98 g/d, 103 g/d) to 107 g/d (95% CI: 104 g/d, 109 g/d), +6%]. Across socioeconomic profiles, changes shared similar directions, but some trends were more marked, notably for alcoholic beverages among employees (95% CI: 114 g/d, 130 g/d; +14%) and sugar-sweetened beverages in young (95% CI: 56 g/d, 72 g/d; +29%). Consumption of fruits increased more modestly in the young (95% CI: 227 g/d, 248 g/d; +9%) than in employees (95% CI: 194 g/d, 227 g/d; +17%). These changes, although variable in magnitude, were not accompanied by substantial modifications in energy intake or overall diet quality scores. CONCLUSIONS: These results emphasize the importance of targeted prevention messages when temperatures exceed 25°C, especially concerning alcoholic and sugar-sweetened beverages, and offer insight into potential long-term food consumption patterns (beyond seasonal changes) in the context of global warming.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Recent advances in electrode materials for electrochemical detection of zearalenone.

Zearalenone (ZEN) is an estrogenic mycotoxin commonly found in cereals, animal feed, and processed foods, making it an important concern for food safety and public health. Conventional chromatographic and immunological methods can detect ZEN; however, they often require expensive instruments, lengthy sample preparation, and skilled personnel, which restrict their use for rapid and on-site testing. Electrochemical sensors have attracted enormous interest of the scientific community because of their high sensitivity, rapid response, low cost, miniaturization potential, and compatibility with portable systems. The analytical performance of the electrochemical sensors is strongly influenced by electrode materials, morphology, conductivity, porosity, surface functionality, and the efficiency of bioreceptor immobilization. Despite several reviews on mycotoxin detection, a systematic assessment connecting electrode-material design, modification strategies, sensing mechanisms, and electroanalytical performance specifically for ZEN sensing remain limited. This review critically evaluates recent advances in metal oxides, carbon-based materials, metal-organic- and covalent organic frameworks, MXenes, polymers, and hybrid composites for electrochemical ZEN detection. Particular attention has been given to their roles in electron transfer, analyte enrichment, selectivity, and real-sample analysis. The review also compares the major limitations of current sensing systems, including complex fabrication, matrix interference, insufficient long-term stability, poor inter-electrode reproducibility, and limited scalability. Finally, future directions for developing robust, cost-effective, portable, and commercially viable ZEN sensors are discussed.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2026

Breastfeeding Outcomes After Radiofrequency Ablation and Surgical Excision of Fibroadenomas Compared to Natural History: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Fibroadenomas, common benign breast tumors in women of reproductive age, are increasingly managed with minimally invasive radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or surgical excision. However, their impact on breastfeeding outcomes remains underexplored. We aimed to assess breastfeeding ability and breast tissue changes in women treated with RFA or surgery compared to those with untreated fibroadenomas. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, we evaluated 153 women with biopsy-confirmed fibroadenomas across five groups: RFA with prior breastfeeding (RFA-PreBF; n = 26), RFA with posttreatment breastfeeding (RFA-PostBF; n = 22), surgical excision with prior breastfeeding (Surgical-PreBF; n = 30), surgical excision with posttreatment breastfeeding (Surgical-PostBF; n = 20), and noninterventional with breastfeeding (Observation-BF; n = 55). Breastfeeding ability was assessed using a 5-point scale, and breast tissue changes were evaluated via ultrasound at 18 months, and all breastfeeding attempts occurred at a minimum of 12 months postprocedure. Fisher's exact test compared complete lactation failure rates, and a power analysis validated the study design (Fig. 1). FINDINGS: The combined RFA group (n = 48) had a higher complete lactation failure rate (14.6%) than the Observation-BF group (3.6%; Fisher's exact test, p = 0.045). Similarly, the combined surgical group (n = 50) had a higher complete lactation failure rate (16.0%) than the Observation-BF group (p = 0.034). When pooled, the combined intervention group (n = 98) showed a complete lactation failure rate of 15.3% versus 3.6% in the Observation-BF group. Residual tissue correlated with lactation impairment in the RFA group (Spearman's ρ, p < 0.05). Ultrasound showed no tumor recurrence, with cystic changes in some cases not linked to breastfeeding impairment. Power analysis confirmed 80% power to detect a medium effect size (f = 0.25, Fig. 1), supporting the study's robustness.7 RFA-PreBF (n = 26), RFA-PostBF (n = 22), Surgical-PreBF (n = 30), Surgical-PostBF (n = 20), and Observation-BF (n = 55). Breastfeeding ability was assessed using a 5-point scale, and breast tissue changes were evaluated via ultrasound at 18 months. Fisher's exact test compared complete lactation failure rates, and a power analysis validated the study design (Fig. 1).[Figure: see text]Interpretation:RFA and surgical excision are effective for fibroadenoma management but increase the risk of complete lactation failure compared to untreated fibroadenomas. Careful patient selection, precise procedural techniques, and vigilant posttreatment monitoring are essential to optimize breastfeeding outcomes, particularly for women planning future pregnancies.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Surgical Outcomes after Preoperative Embolization of Primary and Secondary Pelvic Bone Tumors.

PURPOSE: To analyze the technical results and safety of preoperative embolization of pelvic bone tumors. MATERIALS & METHODS: Retrospective study analysis of a cohort of patients who underwent preoperative hypervascular, pelvic bone tumor embolization at the authors' institution between January 2008 and January 2025. Preinterventional data, including clinical, radiological, and laboratory findings, procedural angiographic and surgical data, and clinical follow-up data were collected from the patients' electronic medical records. Patient follow-ups were conducted until March 2025 or until the patient's death. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients (11 male patients; mean age of 42 years) underwent uneventful , preoperative embolization for primary (n=15) or metastatic (n=8) pelvic bone tumor resection. A mean of 2.3 tumor feeding arteries were preoperatively embolized with complete tumor blush disappearance in n=13 (56.5%) or near-complete tumor blush disappearance with less than 10% residual tumor blush visualized in n=10 patients (43.4%). Surgical intervention was performed with a mean of 1.7 days after embolization and was associated with a mean of 1.88 L perioperative blood loss. CONCLUSION: Preoperative pelvic tumor embolization is a safe procedure with a mean of more than two feeding arteries identified and embolized. KEY POINTS: · Preoperative embolization is a safe procedure for pelvic bone tumors.. · Angiography identified a mean of 2.3 tumor feeding arteries embolized.. · Complete preoperative angiographic tumoral devascularization was found in 56% of patients.. · Surgical intervention after preoperative tumor embolization was associated with a mean of 1.88L perioperative blood loss.. CITATION FORMAT: · Hubrechts M, Wafa H, Sinnaeve F et al. Surgical Outcomes after Preoperative Embolization of Primary and Secondary Pelvic Bone Tumors. Rofo 2026; DOI 10.1055/a-2942-7451.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2026

Bacterially produced dsRNA targeting SePGRP-LB reduces population fitness of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and increases its susceptibility to SeMNPV.

The beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an important agricultural pest, and S. exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SeMNPV) is a host-specific biological control agent. However, baculovirus efficacy can be limited by host antiviral responses. S. exigua peptidoglycan recognition protein LB (SePGRP-LB) has been identified as an antiviral immune factor, suggesting that its suppression may increase larval susceptibility to SeMNPV. In this study, bacterially produced double-stranded RNA targeting SePGRP-LB (bac-dsPGRP-LB) was orally delivered to larvae to induce RNA interference. Feeding bac-dsPGRP-LB reduced SePGRP-LB transcript levels by 24.0% to 65.7% over 7 d. SePGRP-LB knockdown prolonged fifth-instar larval development, reduced female pupal weight, shortened male adult longevity and the oviposition period, and decreased fecundity by approximately 51%. Life table analysis further showed significant reductions in the intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproductive rate (R0) following bac-dsPGRP-LB treatment. During SeMNPV infection, co-feeding with bac-dsPGRP-LB significantly suppressed SePGRP-LB expression, increased the SeMNPV genomic load, and reduced larval survival compared with the SeMNPV + bac-dsGFP treatment. These findings identify SePGRP-LB as a promising RNAi target for simultaneously reducing S. exigua fitness and enhancing its susceptibility to SeMNPV under laboratory conditions.

SePGRP-LB↗

PubMed2026

Effectiveness of Embedded Social Media Content on E-cigarette Attitudes and Behaviors: Results from a Randomized Control Trial.

BACKGROUND: This longitudinal randomized controlled trial examined the effects of anti-vaping social media content on e-cigarette attitudes and intentions among U.S. young adults (ages 18-24; n=3,400). METHODS: Targeted content was embedded directly into participants' social media feeds, with varying levels of impressions. RESULTS: Results indicate that increased exposure to anti-vaping messages significantly elevated perceived risk of harm (β=0.11, 95% CI: 0.03-0.20, p < .01) and social unacceptability of e-cigarette use (β=0.10, 95% CI: 0.03-0.18, p < .01), while decreasing intentions to vape (RRR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.36-0.97, p < .05). Notably, these attitudinal shifts occurred even with relatively low ad exposure and over an extended intervention period, while controlling for the e-cigarette use status (never, former, or current) of participants. Discussion These findings support the effectiveness of digital media campaigns in influencing health-related behaviors and attitudes among young adults. Specifically, embedding anti e-cigarette content directly in the feed of young adults is shown to be effective in shifting attitudes in a space where these young adults are already engaged. Limitations include limited ad impressions and minimal change in ad awareness recall, suggesting future research should explore longer interventions and broader nicotine product messaging.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Stapled versus hand-sewn intestinal anastomosis in pediatric surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Intestinal anastomosis is a core procedure in pediatric gastrointestinal surgery, performed for conditions such as necrotizing enterocolitis, intestinal atresia, Hirschsprung's disease, and inflammatory bowel disease. Although stapled anastomosis (SA) may improve operative efficiency, its safety and effectiveness compared with hand-sewn anastomosis (HA) in children remain uncertain. This meta-analysis compared clinical outcomes of SA and HA in pediatric patients. METHODS: The study followed PRISMA guidelines and was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251177257). A systematic search of PubMed, Dimensions, and the Cochrane Library was conducted through June 2025. Studies including children under 7 years undergoing intestinal SA or HA were eligible. Two reviewers independently performed study selection, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment using ROB 2 and ROBINS-I tools. Statistical analysis was conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (v3) with a random-effects model. RESULTS: Eleven studies involving 903 patients met inclusion criteria, including two randomized controlled trials. Of these, 333 patients underwent SA and 570 underwent HA. SA was associated with significantly shorter operative time (mean difference [MD] = -19.26 min; 95% CI: -24.24 to -14.28; p < 0.001) and earlier initiation of oral feeding (MD = -2.32 days; 95% CI: -3.78 to -0.86; p = 0.002). No significant differences were found in anastomotic leakage, stricture formation, reoperation rate, or length of hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS: Stapled anastomosis appears as safe as hand-sewn techniques in pediatric intestinal surgery while offering shorter operative duration and faster postoperative feeding recovery. Selective use of stapled techniques is supported when anatomically feasible, though further multicenter randomized trials are needed.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Congenital Laryngomalacia: Pathophysiology, Clinical Spectrum, and Holistic Management.

Congenital laryngomalacia is the most common cause of infant stridor and arises from interacting structural, neuromuscular, and inflammatory mechanisms that produce dynamic supraglottic collapse. Disease severity spans mild stridor to significant obstruction, aspiration, and failure to thrive, often influenced by comorbid medical conditions. Diagnosis relies on flexible laryngoscopy supported by instrumental swallowing studies and microdirect laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy when indicated. Most infants respond to conservative management, particularly targeted feeding modifications, while acid suppression offers benefit in selective cases. Supraglottoplasty provides effective, durable improvement for severe disease and significantly enhances infant outcomes and family quality of life.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Multisensory stimulation for promoting development and preventing morbidity in preterm infants.

RATIONALE: Multisensory stimulation is a structured, developmentally appropriate intervention that provides simultaneous or sequential stimulation of two or more senses (e.g. tactile, auditory, visual, or vestibular) in a controlled and non-stressful manner, with the aim of supporting early neurodevelopment in preterm infants. It has the potential to enhance physiological regulation in preterm infants by stabilizing key functions, such as respiratory patterns, heart rate, and oxygen saturation; reducing the need for respiratory support; and improving feeding performance and sleep regulation. Targeted multisensory interventions have also been associated with improved neurodevelopmental outcomes, including enhanced psychomotor development and visual function. OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefits and harms of multisensory stimulation compared to any single sensory intervention or standard care on major neurodevelopmental disability, mortality, and growth in preterm infants. SEARCH METHODS: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, CINAHL, Epistemonikos, two trial registries, and conference abstracts up to 28 November 2025. We checked reference lists of included trials, and systematic reviews on sensory interventions. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: We included 18 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing multisensory stimulation in preterm infants with no intervention (placebo or standard care), and one RCT comparing multisensory stimulation with single-sense stimulation (tactile stimulation). OUTCOMES: Our critical outcomes were major neurodevelopmental disability at 18 to 24 months: cerebral palsy (CP), developmental delay, intellectual impairment, blindness, sensorineural deafness; death during initial hospitalization; and total weight gain (grams), assessed at discharge. When comparing multisensory stimulation with single-sense intervention, we also included weight gain during the intervention, an outcome added during the post-hoc analysis. Important outcomes were duration of hospital stay, of NICU stay, and of respiratory support; and time until full oral feeding. RISK OF BIAS: We used the Cochrane tool, RoB 2. SYNTHESIS METHODS: We conducted meta-analyses using fixed-effect models to calculate risk ratios (RR) for dichotomous data, and mean differences (MDs) for continuous data, each with its 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We assessed statistical heterogeneity by calculating the I2 statistic when we included more than two trials in a meta-analysis. We evaluated the certainty of evidence using GRADE. INCLUDED STUDIES: We included 19 trials (1554 newborn infants): 18 studies compared multisensory stimulation with standard care; one compared multisensory stimulation with single-sensory stimulation (tactile). In 10 studies, the primary aim was to assess the neurobehavioral outcomes of multisensory stimulation on preterm neo-nates. The other nine studies aimed to assess the impact of multisensory stimulation on weight gain during the intervention, weight gain until hospital discharge, length of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay, length of hospital stay, time until full oral feeding, length of respiratory support, or a combination. In the abstract we report results for the critical outcomes only. We identified 13 ongoing studies. Four studies are awaiting assessment. SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS: Multisensory stimulation compared to standard care No studies reported on these major neurodevelopmental disabilities, assessed at 18 to 24 months' corrected age (CA): developmental delay, intellectual impairment, blindness, or sensorineural deafness. One study reported on rates of CP at 12 months of age. The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of multisensory stimulation on CP (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.28 to 1.58; I² not applicable; 1 study, 18 participants; very low-certainty evidence). The evidence suggests that multisensory stimulation may result in little to no difference in death during initial hospitalization (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.73; I² not applicable; 1 study, 395 participants; low-certainty evidence). Multisensory stimulation may increase total weight gain prior to discharge (MD 72.67, 95% CI 68.23 to 77.12; I² = 0%; 3 studies, 474 participants; low-certainty evidence). Multisensory stimulation compared to single-sense (tactile) stimulation No studies reported on major neurodevelopmental disability, assessed at 18 to 24 months' CA, or death during initial hospitalization. The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of multisensory stimulation compared to tactile stimulation on weight gain during the intervention (MD -175.00, 95% CI -376.60 to 26.60; I² not applicable; 1 study, 20 participants; very low-certainty evidence). The certainty of the evidence was low to very low across outcomes, primarily due to risk of bias, imprecision from small sample sizes and wide CIs, and in some cases, inconsistency. The evidence base was also limited by the lack of reporting of relevant outcomes and reliance on surrogate outcomes or shorter follow-up periods. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The available evidence on multisensory stimulation in preterm infants is limited and of low to very low certainty. No included studies reported on major neurodevelopmental disabilities at 18 to 24 months' CA, which represented a critical outcome for this review. Evidence regarding the effect of multisensory stimulation on CP is very uncertain, as it is based on a single small study reporting a surrogate outcome at 12 months. Multisensory stimulation may result in little to no difference in mortality during the initial hospitalization. It may increase total weight gain prior to discharge. However, the clinical significance of this finding is uncertain, particularly given the low certainty of the evidence and the multifactorial nature of growth in preterm infants. The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of multisensory stimulation compared to single-sense (tactile) stimulation on weight gain during the intervention. The only included study did not report major neurodevelopmental disabilities at 18 to 24 months' CA, mortality during the initial hospitalization, or total weight gain prior to discharge, which represented the critical outcomes for this review. Overall, the current evidence does not allow firm conclusions about the effectiveness of multisensory stimulation in promoting development or preventing morbidity in preterm infants. Future studies on multisensory stimulation should use more rigorous designs, larger samples, and report interventions using the template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist to ensure transparency. They should also report essential outcomes, such as neonatal death, major neurodevelopmental disabilities, length of hospital and NICU stay, time to full oral feeding, duration of respiratory support, and weight gain, to better assess the long‑term effects of multisensory stimulation in preterm infants. FUNDING: This Cochrane review had no dedicated funding. REGISTRATION: Protocol available via DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD016073.

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PubMed2026

Advances in cereal protein applications for infant and Young child nutrition.

BACKGROUND: The increasing use of plant-derived proteins in infant and young child nutrition necessitates tailored amino acid profiles, high digestibility and strict safety controls. Cereal proteins, such as rice, oat, maize, millet, barley, and wheat, are widely used in complementary foods but face intrinsic limitations, notably lysine and tryptophan deficits, antinutritional factors that reduce bioavailability, gluten immunogenicity in wheat/barley, and inorganic arsenic risks in rice. SCOPE AND APPROACH: This review synthesizes recent advances in processing and formulation strategies, including enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation, germination, extrusion, cereal-legume complementation, and micronutrient fortification. Their impacts on digestibility, techno-functionality, iron and zinc bioavailability, and protein quality, including Protein Digestibility-Corrected Amino Acid Score (PDCAAS) and Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score (DIAAS) are critically reviewed using data from in vitro assays, product development, and clinical trials. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS: Processing and blending approaches can substantially improve protein digestibility, amino acid balance and micronutrient availability, and hydrolyzed rice protein holds clinical promise for cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA). However, most evidence is preclinical, reporting of protein quality is inconsistent, and industrial translation is constrained by sensory, shelf-life, contaminant and cost issues. We recommend standardized DIAAS-based reporting, large-scale feeding trials, sensory /stability optimization, and targeted exploration of underutilized grains (e.g., oat, millet) with active allergen monitoring. Prioritizing amino acid-focused formulation coupled with strategies to enhance micronutrient bioavailability will accelerate safe adoption of cereal proteins in early-life nutrition.

Humans↗