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PubMed2026

Genome-wide identification of the peanut HD-Zip gene family and AhHDZ15 positively regulating salt and drought stress in heterologously overexpressed Arabidopsis.

Homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) transcription factors play important roles in plant growth, development, and abiotic stress responses. However, bioinformatic analyses and functional studies of HD-Zip family in peanut are scarce. In this study, 128 AhHDZ genes were identified and classified into four subfamilies in the phylogenetic analysis. Transcriptomic data and RT-qPCR analysis indicated the expression levels of AhHDZ4 and AhHDZ15 were significantly elevated in response to 12 h of salt stress, while AhHDZ4/15/60/69/126 all showed a progressive increase over time in response to drought stress. AhHDZ15 protein was localized in the nucleus. Under salt and drought stress, the germination rates of AhHDZ15-overexpressing in Arabidopsis were significantly higher than wild-type (WT), and root lengths were also significantly longer than WT. In addition, the SOD, CAT, chlorophyll content, and Relative Leaf Water Content (RLWC) value of leaves in AhHDZ15-overexpressing lines were significantly higher than WT, while the MDA content was significantly lower than WT. The above results indicate that heterologous overexpression of AhHDZ15 enhanced salt and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, AhHDZ15 could bind to the L1-box element of the AhVNI2 promoter, thereby activating AhVNI2 transcription and enhancing the expression of downstream salt stress-responsive genes. These findings implies a potential function of AhHDZ15 in peanut that requires further validation.

Arabidopsis↗

PubMed2026

Exploring the experiences, views, and needs of family members of emergency response workers: a systematic review and meta-synthesis.

Background: Emergency responders, including firefighters, police officers, and paramedics, face workplace challenges that may harm their well-being. They typically rely on family members for support, which may have damaging effects on the family system. While the experiences of emergency responders are well established, their families' subsequent struggles are less well explored.Objective: This review explores the experiences, views, and needs of family members, through determining the mental health and well-being issues that they face, and establishing ways in which family members could be supported.Method: We searched five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsychINFO, Scopus, and ProQuest) for qualitative papers exploring experiences of family members of emergency responders. Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria, and data were meta-synthesized using thematic analysis.Results: Six themes and two subthemes were identified from the meta-synthesis. 'Experiences of emotional strain' reflected worry over safety and coping with volatile moods. 'Increased responsibilities' involved safeguarding emergency responders' well-being and managing household duties, at the expense of family members' own needs. Families felt 'devoted yet invisible', with sacrifices overlooked by both emergency responders and society. 'Impacts on the family dynamic' included relational detachment and frustration. 'Support for emergency responder families' from fellow emergency responder families was valued, but organizational support was limited. 'Media portrayal and societal perceptions' varied, as police families faced hostility, while firefighter and paramedic families garnered respect, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic.Conclusions: This review highlights that family members play a central role in maintaining the well-being of emergency responders, yet simultaneously face hardships associated with their family member's work and feel undervalued despite their support. This lack of recognition extends to limited professional support. There is a critical need for targeted mental health interventions to support family members, alongside family support measures from emergency responder organizations to assist with the practical difficulties faced by families.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

An Update on Inborn Errors of V(D)J Recombination.

V(D)J recombination is the fundamental process by which developing T and B lymphocytes generate diverse antigen receptors, enabling adaptive immunity. This tightly regulated program operates exclusively in lymphoid precursors during G1 phase and depends on the lymphocyte-specific RAG1-RAG2 recombinase to introduce programmed DNA double-strand breaks at recombination signal sequences, followed by repair through the classical nonhomologous end joining (c-NHEJ) pathway. Disruption of any step in this molecular choreography compromises antigen receptor diversity and underlies a spectrum of inborn errors of immunity (IEIs), ranging from severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) to immune dysregulation with autoimmunity and granulomatous disease. In this review, we place disorders of V(D)J recombination within the broader framework of T-cell development, detailing the temporal waves of recombinase activity, chromatin accessibility, and DNA damage responses that guide thymocyte differentiation. We discuss pathogenic variants affecting the cleavage phase [RAG1, RAG2, and the recently identified RAG cochaperone NudC domain-containing 3 (NUDCD3)], end processing (ARTEMIS), ligation and repair (LIG4, XLF, XRCC4, PRKDC), and genome surveillance pathways (ATM, MRN complex, RNF168), highlighting genotype-phenotype correlations and mechanisms driving immune deficiency and dysregulation. We briefly review recent diagnostic advances, including newborn screening using T-cell receptor excision circles, repertoire sequencing, and functional assays, alongside current therapeutic strategies. Finally, we outline key unanswered questions and argue that continued integration of clinical observation with molecular discovery is essential to improve outcomes and deepen understanding of adaptive immune development.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Ramu stunt virus genome reveals previously unreported segments and nucleocapsid domain duplication in Mechlorovirus.

Ramu stunt virus (RmSV), a member of the genus Mechlorovirus within the family Phenuiviridae, was previously described as a six-segmented RNA virus infecting sugarcane. In this study, we re-examined type material and additional isolates using high-throughput sequencing and RT-PCR validation, revealing that RmSV possesses a nine-segmented genome, making it the largest reported in the Phenuiviridae. This expanded architecture includes duplicated RNA segments (RNA 2a and RNA 2b) encoding nucleocapsid-like proteins and two novel segments (RNA 7 and RNA 8). Comparative analysis showed that RNA 2a and 2b share about 84% amino acid identity, while RNA 5 encodes a third nucleocapsid homolog, indicating unprecedented domain redundancy. Structural modeling confirmed that all three nucleocapsid proteins maintain a conserved fold despite low sequence identity, with electrostatic mapping suggesting differential RNA-binding potential. Additionally, RNA 6 encodes a hypothetical protein structurally similar to the rice stripe virus disease-specific S-protein, implicating a role in symptom development. Transcript abundance analysis revealed RNA 6 as the most highly expressed segment across isolates. These findings revise the genomic composition of RmSV, highlight mechanisms of genome plasticity and adaptive evolution in plant-infecting bunyaviruses, and underscore practical implications for diagnostic assay design, resistance breeding, and biosecurity surveillance.

Genome, Viral↗

PubMed2026

Functions of tandem-repeat galectins and domain coordination governs galectin-4 activity in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).

Galectins are β-galactoside-binding lectins that play essential roles in innate immunity. Among them, tandem-repeat galectins (TrGals), typically composed of two distinct carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) connected by a linker peptide, are well established as key regulators of pathogen recognition and host defense in mammals. However, their structural diversity and immunological functions in teleost fish remain poorly understood. In this study, five TrGals (Gal-4, Gal-8a, Gal-8b, Gal-9, and Gal-9like) were identified in grass carp. Sequence and structural analysis revealed that Gal-8a/b, Gal-9, and Gal-9like possess the canonical two-CRD architecture, whereas Gal-4 uniquely contains four highly similar tandem-repeat domains. All five TrGals were broadly expressed across examined tissues, with predominant expression in the liver. Upon Aeromonas hydrophila infection, Gal-4, Gal-8a, Gal-8b, and Gal-9 were rapidly up-regulated at early time points (3-6 h). To elucidate the functional significance of CRD number, recombinant full-length CiGal-4 (CiGal4-full) and three truncated variants containing one, two, or three CRDs (CiGal4-1CRD, CiGal4-2CRD, and CiGal4-3CRD) were generated and systematically characterized. All recombinant proteins contained the conserved β-sheet structure typical of galectin CRDs. Functional assays revealed that CiGal4-full displayed the strongest growth-inhibitory activity against all tested bacteria, whereas CiGal4-1CRD showed the weakest effect. Notably, CiGal4-2CRD exhibited the most potent bactericidal activity, surpassing the full-length protein, while CiGal4-3CRD showed no further enhancement. CiGal4-full and CiGal4-2CRD showed superior carbohydrate-binding activities compared with the other variants. Collectively, these results reveal that CRD copy number alone does not linearly determine galectin function. Instead, domain organization and conformational coordination are critical for optimizing antimicrobial activity. This study provides new insights into the structure-function relationships and evolutionary diversification of galectins in teleosts and highlights their potential as novel antimicrobial and immunomodulatory agents in aquaculture.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Targeting Both Oncogenic Signaling and Dependence Receptor Function is Required to Fully Suppress MET Exon 14 Skipping-Driven tumorigenesis.

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) classically function as oncogenic drivers that promote survival and proliferation upon ligand binding. A subset of RTKs can also function as dependence receptors, inducing apoptosis in the absence of their ligands. Genetic alterations that enhance RTK signaling are well characterized in cancer and can be targeted with kinase inhibitors, which show limited efficacy in some clinical settings. Elucidation of whether oncogenic mutations can promote tumorigenesis by directly abolishing the pro-apoptotic activity of dependence receptors could help improve strategies to target RTKs. Here, we identified MET exon 14 skipping (METex14Del) as a paradigmatic example of an oncogenic alteration that drives tumorigenesis through genetic inactivation of the dependence receptor function of an RTK. METex14Del removed both the caspase cleavage site and adjacent CBL-binding motif, preventing generation of the pro-apoptotic p40MET fragment while sustaining oncogenic MET signaling. Uncoupling regulatory functions of MET using genome editing showed that loss of apoptosis capacity is a critical determinant of METex14Del-driven tumorigenesis. Combined-but not individual-mutation of the caspase and CBL sites was sufficient to recapitulate resistance to apoptosis and tumor growth induced by METex14Del in HGF-humanized mouse models. Importantly, inducible re-expression of p40MET in METex14Del-expressing cells restored apoptotic sensitivity, decreased tumor formation in vivo, and resensitized tumors to capmatinib. Together, these findings redefine RTKs as receptors with dual oncogenic and tumor-suppressive functions and show that disruption of dependence receptor-mediated apoptosis is an oncogenic mechanism. These results provide a conceptual framework explaining why therapies targeting only RTK signaling may fail and support strategies restoring dependence receptor function to achieve durable tumor suppression.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2026

Understanding psychosocial adjustment in military-to-civilian transition: A latent profile analysis of ex-serving Australian Defence Force members.

Military-to-civilian transition is a critical life stage that can expose veterans to elevated risks of psychological distress, social difficulties, and reduced wellbeing. Although psychosocial factors are central to successful reintegration, little is known about distinct patterns of needs among ex-serving Australian Defence Force (ADF) members. This study used latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify psychosocial needs profiles across five domains of the Military-Civilian Adjustment and Reintegration Measure (M-CARM) in a sample of 725 ex-serving ADF members. The optimal three-class solution identified: a Low Adjustment Need (LAN) group (20.7%) reporting minimal reintegration challenges; a Cultural Adjustment Need (CAN) group (42.9%) characterized by cultural adaptation difficulties, particularly beliefs about civilians and regimentation; and a Cultural and Psychological Need (CPN) group (36.4%) showing broader challenges across beliefs about civilians, purpose and connection, regimentation, and resentment and regret. The CAN group was more likely to be male, have lower educational attainment, and have no combat deployment history. The CPN group was similarly male dominated with lower education, and was additionally characterized by Navy service, unemployment or not being in the labor force, and medical discharge. Compared with the LAN group, both CAN and CPN groups reported higher levels of depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress, and nightmare distress, as well as poorer quality of life and greater functional impairment. These findings highlight persistent reintegration challenges among veterans and support the need for stratified support models, ranging from psychoeducation to intensive multidisciplinary care, to better address diverse psychosocial needs of ex-serving ADF members.

Australian defense force↗

PubMed2026

Mineral-driven molecular signatures of energy metabolism underpin sperm motility in buffalo.

The success of spermatogenesis depends on the interplay of various biomolecules that ultimately determine sperm quality. In this study, RNA-seq analysis of frozen-thawed buffalo sperm (n = 8) revealed the presence of 263 mineral-associated genes (>1 FPKM) in high (n = 4) and 181 in low motile (n = 4) sperm groups. Among these, 177 mineral-associated genes were commonly expressed between them, and the majority were upregulated (>1 fold), LOC102391588 (ncRNA; 37-fold), ZNF699 (26.5-fold), MYZAP (13-fold), etc., in the high motile group. The expression of selected mineral-associated genes was validated. The top enriched functions in commonly expressed genes were regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (FDR: 4.7 × 10⁻2; ZNF331, ZNF692, ZNF180, etc.), followed by spermatogenesis (FDR: 2.9 × 10⁻2; CALR3, ADAM18, ADAM29, etc.), proton transmembrane transport (FDR: 4.0 × 10⁻2; ATP6V0E1, ATP1A4, ATP6V1B2, etc.) and flagellated sperm motility (FDR: 2.3 × 10⁻1; CATSPERD, EFCAB6, CABS1, etc.). Additionally, the chromatin remodeling pathway (FDR: 3 × 10⁻2; PTP4A1, PPM1A, DUSP1, etc.) emerged as the most significant and may suggest that these minerals influence genome packaging and sperm functionality. Mineral-associated genes were predominantly associated with zinc (49%), followed by calcium (20%), phosphorus (10%), iron (5%), sodium (2%), potassium (2%), copper (1%) and other trace elements (11%). Although the current study uses frozen-thawed sperm, the findings indicate that mineral-associated genes are crucial for promoting membrane stability, energy production, motility and chromatin integrity, which may contribute to the superior fertilizing ability of sperm.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Three-dimensional source apportionment and quantitative characterization of horizontal and vertical transport fluxes of O3 and its precursors in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, China.

Persistent surface ozone (O3) pollution in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region is driven by coupled precursor emissions and multi-scale transport, yet its altitude-dependent transport and source contributions remain insufficiently quantified. Here we integrated the Weather Research and Forecasting and the Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions with the Ozone Source Apportionment Technology and a quantitative transport-flux framework to characterize three-dimensional source apportionment and horizontal/vertical fluxes of O3, Volatile Organic Compounds‌ (VOCs), and Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) across dynamic meteorological scenarios. Simulations showed that VOCs and NOx were dominated by local emissions near the surface (73.61 %-82.18 %), whereas surface O3 was primarily controlled by regional transport, with local contributions of only 11.01 %-13.75 %. Notably, the transport dominance further strengthened with altitude, exceeding 93 % at 1.8 km. Industrial and transportation emissions together contributed more than 75 % of precursor emissions and account for approximately 80 % of O3 formation, while favorable/unfavorable meteorological years modulated long-range transport efficiency and the vertical distribution of contributions. Horizontal flux analysis highlighted three major pathways (Northwest-Southeast, Southeast-Northwest, and Southwest-Northeast), with Shijiazhuang serving as a critical pollutant "sink" across altitude layers. Vertical fluxes revealed an altitude transition near 600 m: net downward transport dominated below 600 m, whereas enhanced summer convection promoted upward transport above 600 m. These results support altitude-dependent, scenario-specific strategies for coordinated regional O3 mitigation in the BTH region.

Ozone↗

PubMed2026

Temporal proteomic analysis reveals a three-phase adaptation strategy in Phytophthora cinnamomi during salinity stress.

Phytophthora cinnamomi, a highly invasive hemibiotrophic oomycete, threatens global agriculture, forestry, and native ecosystems. Although drought and temperature effects on P. cinnamomi-host interactions are well studied, current knowledge of abiotic stress responses in P. cinnamomi remains largely centered on infection and phytopathology, with limited molecular insight into the pathogen's direct response to salinity independent of its host. To address this gap, we combined growth assays, time-resolved proteomics, and network analysis to define how P. cinnamomi responds and adapts to salinity exposure. Growth assays showed that NaCl-modified agar enhanced mycelial expansion in a concentration-dependent manner, with 100 mM NaCl significantly increasing growth at 48, 72, and 96 h compared with controls, while 50 mM NaCl remained comparable to control conditions. Temporal proteomic analysis of 100 mM NaCl treatment at 0, 1, 6, 12, and 24 h post treatment revealed dynamic shifts in protein abundance. Early induction of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species)-detoxifying enzymes, including glutathione S-transferases and peroxidases, was consistent with ROS-specific staining assays. Network analysis identified modules enriched for redox regulation, ATP generation, ion transport, and translational control, highlighting multi-layered adaptation to elevated NaCl levels. Notably, clusters of conserved hypothetical proteins were strongly upregulated, indicating unexplored stress tolerance components in Phytophthora species. Here, we propose that P. cinnamomi rapidly activates a three-phase strategy involving metabolism readjustments, redox defenses, and cellular structure alterations under salinity conditions. With increasing soil salinization due to climate change, our study provides first mechanistic insights into P. cinnamomi's adaptive plasticity and ecological resilience to abiotic stress. SIGNIFICANCE: This study represents the first temporal proteomic analysis of salinity stress adaptation in Phytophthora cinnamomi, revealing a sophisticated three-phase adaptation strategy. This research fundamentally advances our understanding of how this globally destructive plant pathogen, P. cinnamomi, maintains environmental resilience. Our findings reveal proteome remodelling as a mechanistic framework for understanding stress tolerance in oomycetes, a group of microorganisms responsible for some of the world's most destructive agricultural and forest diseases. Our results show proteins involved in emergency damage control through metabolic recalibration to sustained adaptation. These findings have relevance for predicting pathogen behavior under climate change scenarios, where increasing soil salinity threatens agricultural productivity while simultaneously enhancing pathogen survival and virulence. Understanding how P. cinnamomi responds to prolonged salinity exposure may inform targeted biocontrol strategies and improve predictive models of disease pressure in salt-affected agricultural regions. The temporal analysis framework we present offers a broadly applicable approach for understanding microbial stress adaptation, with implications extending beyond plant pathology to environmental microbiology and biotechnology applications where stress tolerance is paramount.

Phytophthora↗

PubMed2026

Genome-Wide Impact of Human DBR1 Depletion on RNA Processing Networks Reveal a Connection Between Pre-mRNA Splicing, mRNA Surveillance and Stress Granule Dynamics.

The RNA lariat debranching enzyme DBR1 is essential for intron turnover and RNA metabolism, yet its broader impact on transcriptome regulation remains incompletely defined. To elucidate the consequences of DBR1 depletion, we performed transcriptome-wide RNA sequencing of DBR1-knockdown and wild-type HEK293 cells. Differential expression analysis revealed widespread perturbations in pathways linked to RNA splicing, mRNA surveillance, translational control, and stress-granule biology. Many of the most significantly altered transcripts encode splicing factors and RNA quality-control components, underscoring DBR1's influence on post-transcriptional regulation. Alternative splicing analysis showed changes across multiple event types, with exon skipping accounting for >50% of events, followed by mutually exclusive exons, alternative 5' and 3' splice sites, and retained introns, indicating that DBR1 depletion induces pervasive splicing defects. Direct spliceosome inhibition using isoginkgetin (blocks tri-snRNP recruitment) and pladienolide B (targets SF3B1) reproduced the DBR1-KD mis-splicing patterns of cell signaling genes and factors involved in RNA metabolism, supporting a functional link between DBR1 activity and alternative splicing. Notably, DBR1 knockdown revealed a subset of transcripts that are both NMD-sensitive and enriched within stress granules. Consistent with this observation, G3BP1 immunopurification and confocal microscopy further support a role for DBR1 and UPF1 in stress-granule dynamics, suggesting that these factors may participate at distinct stages to influence mRNA fate under stress conditions. Together, these findings indicate that DBR1 functions beyond lariat RNA turnover as a common regulator of RNA processing, transcriptome stability, and stress granule homeostasis, revealing intricate crosstalk between RNA splicing and RNA quality control pathways in human cells.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Comparative assessment of post-transport disease susceptibility in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer): Associations with oxidative stress, immune responses, gut microbiota, and tissue pathology.

Stress is a crucial factor that affects aquaculture systems, particularly during transportation, which often leads to deteriorated fish health and reduced survival rates. This study aimed to investigate the comparative differences in physiological changes, oxidative stress parameters, and immune responses between clinically healthy and diseased Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) following commercial transportation. The study compared the health status of fish after transportation, categorized into healthy (Healthy) and diseased (Disease) groups. Assessments were conducted on oxidative stress parameters, immune responses, gut microbiota composition, and tissue pathology. The results showed that diseased fish exhibited significantly higher oxidative stress levels (P < 0.05), as indicated by an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and altered antioxidant and redox-related markers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), measured across multiple target tissues (head kidney, gills, liver, intestine, and brain), compared with healthy fish. Furthermore, the expression of immune-related genes was significantly downregulated in diseased fish after transportation, indicating immune suppression. In contrast, healthy fish maintained a more balanced immune response, which may partially mitigate the adverse effects of transport-induced stress. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that diseased fish had a significant reduction in beneficial bacteria such as Cetobacterium somerae and Bacillus spp., accompanied by a significant (P < 0.05) increase in opportunistic pathogens including Aeromonas spp., Photobacterium spp., and Vibrio spp. Histopathological examination showed severe damage in the gills, liver, and intestines of diseased fish (P < 0.05), while only minor tissue alterations were observed in healthy fish. Overall, the findings indicate that post-transport diseased Asian seabass exhibit marked oxidative stress, impaired antioxidant defense, altered immune responses, gut microbial dysbiosis, and multi-organ tissue damage compared with clinically healthy post-transport fish. These results suggest that deterioration of transport conditions may contribute to post-transport morbidity and disease susceptibility.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Transverse Tibial Transport for Limb Salvage in Ischemic Lower Extremity Disease: Technique, Mechanisms, and Clinical Outcomes-A Systematic Review.

Transverse tibial transport (TTT) is a surgical technique derived from Ilizarov's distraction osteogenesis principles that stimulates angiogenesis and microcirculatory regeneration in the ischemic lower limb without directly manipulating macrovascular anatomy. By creating a proximal tibial cortical bone window and distracting it transversely using an external fixator, TTT triggers converging cascades of growth factor release, endothelial progenitor cell mobilization, and immunomodulation that translate into improved distal limb perfusion and wound healing. Combined TTT plus endovascular therapy improves amputation-free survival versus endovascular therapy alone. Prospective randomized trials and standardized international protocols are needed to consolidate TTT's role in multidisciplinary limb salvage pathways.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Marine air promotes structural compaction and coating growth of soot aerosols after long-range transport from East Asia.

Soot aerosol, a key global warming contributor, undergoes morphological and chemical transformations during atmospheric transport, particularly in humidified marine environments. This study investigates morphology, mixing state, and aging mechanisms of soot particles collected in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea. Transmission electron microscopy analyses reveal that coated soot particles dominate the marine atmosphere, accounting for over 98 % of soot-containing particles, with a mean mixing state index (χ) of 0.83. The fractal dimension (Df) of soot particles is 1.84 ± 0.05 in the Northern Yellow Sea, 1.90 ± 0.08 in the Bohai Sea, and 1.96 ± 0.07 in the Southern Yellow Sea, indicating structural compaction during long-range transport. Correspondingly, the average Dp/Dcore ratios (particle to core size ratio) are 5.3 in the Bohai Sea, 4.2 in the Northern Yellow Sea, and 3.9 in the Southern Yellow Sea. Notably, those ratios are higher in marine environments compared to those observed during continental regional transport from northern to southern China (3.54), suggesting enhanced coating growth in humid marine air. The results highlight the important role of marine atmospheres in accelerating soot aging, which in turn leads to significantly stronger light absorption compared to soot in continental air. Our results highlight the necessity of incorporating compact morphologies, uniform mixing states, and thick coatings into optical models for accurate radiative forcing simulations.

Aerosols↗

PubMed2026

Selective monitoring of trace-level catechin and myricetin in herbal and aqueous matrices using magnetic MIP-DSPME: Optimization via design of experiments.

A novel dispersive solid-phase microextraction approach utilizing a magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP) integrated with HPLC-UV detection was developed for the concurrent quantification of catechin and myricetin in herbal extracts and aqueous samples. The sorbent was engineered as a core-shell nanocomposite, consisting of a selective polymer layer deposited onto Fe3O4@SiO2-APTMS magnetic nanoparticles. Dual-template imprinting using catechin and myricetin generated complementary binding cavities within the polymer framework. Experimental variables influencing extraction were systematically screened and subsequently optimized. A Plackett-Burman design was first applied to identify the most influential factors, with pH and sorption time identified as the dominant variables. These parameters were subsequently fine-tuned using a central composite design, and the optimization process was completed in only 30 experimental runs. The sorption characteristics of the imprinted sorbent (MMIP) were compared with those of its non-imprinted counterpart (MNIP). The MMIP demonstrated markedly higher maximum binding capacities (Qmax), reaching 119.3 mg g-1 for myricetin and 112.1 mg g-1 for catechin, whereas the corresponding values for the MNIP were 32.55 and 32.08 mg g-1, respectively. Moreover, the affinity constants (KL = 0.760-0.950 L mg-1) were approximately 2.3-fold higher for the MMIP, confirming its stronger and more selective interactions with the target analytes. The selectivity coefficients for the targeted flavonoids relative to structurally related compounds, including ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, melatonin, and curcumin, exceeded 3.5 for the MMIP, whereas the corresponding values for the MNIP were close to 1.1, demonstrating the high molecular recognition capability of the imprinted sorbent. Method validation demonstrated limits of detection (LODs) of 0.33-0.59 ng mL-1 and limits of quantification (LOQs) of 1.10-1.96 ng mL-1, and excellent linearity over the concentration range of 5.0-5500 ng mL-1 (R2 > 0.998). The method achieved recoveries of 93.96% to 105.69% with RSDs below 5.5%, while the preconcentration factors ranged from 209 to 229. Furthermore, the sorbent retained more than 95% of its extraction efficiency after four consecutive reuse cycles and more than 80% after six cycles, demonstrating excellent stability and reusability. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of six medicinal plant extracts and water samples, showing negligible matrix interference and superior sensitivity, selectivity, and operational simplicity compared with conventional solid-phase extraction methods.

Flavonoids↗

PubMed2026

Diversity and population connectivity of members of the family Eunicidae inhabiting deep-water corals in the North Atlantic.

Eunicid polychaetes are often found in association with Cold Water Corals (CWCs), even establishing symbiotic relationships, such as those described between Desmophyllum pertusum and Eunice norvegica. While genetic connectivity of CWCs across the North Atlantic has been widely studied, little is known about their associated fauna in this regard. Here, we present a study combining a focused analysis of the genetic and genomic connectivity of E. norvegica with a regional assessment of the distribution and evolutionary relationships of three CWC-associated eunicid species from the Cantabrian Sea and the North of the United Kingdom (190-1,230 m depth). An integrative approach using genetic (16S, COI and 18S), morphological and ecological data allowed the identification of the eunicids studied, with new records of Eunice cf. nicidioformis and Leodice cf. antarctica in the Cantabrian Sea, as well as previously undocumented associations with CWC species. In addition, RADseq data contributed to the delimitation of the closely related species E. norvegica and Eunice philocorallia. Moreover, the genetic connectivity of E. norvegica was studied trough a RADseq (1,067 neutral SNPs) approach. Our results indicate a single panmictic population across approximately 2,000 km, suggesting that oceanographic currents facilitate passive dispersal of E. norvegica lecithotrophic larvae, aided by coral host stepping-stones. The connectivity patterns observed for E. norvegica mirror those of D. pertusum, on which the worm is ecologically dependent. Our study highlights the importance of using integrated genetic, morphological and ecological data to characterise and delineate understudied CWC-associated species and improve our understanding of their dispersal capabilities and genetic connectivity to inform future conservation recommendations.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Amino acid reprogramming and biofilm-specific tricarboxylate transporters in PET-degrading Piscinibacter sakaiensis.

Plastic-degrading bacteria predominantly colonize polymer surfaces as biofilms, yet it remains unclear whether the biofilm phenotype contributes to metabolism beyond retaining extracellular enzymes. Here, we combine population-level RNA-sequencing across three conditions-biofilm cells on polyethylene terephthalate (PET), planktonic cells incubated with PET, and planktonic cells on maltose-with single-cell Raman spectroscopy to characterize the PET response of Piscinibacter sakaiensis (formerly Ideonella sakaiensis). This integrated approach reveals two metabolically distinct response layers. A carbon-source-driven response shared by all PET-exposed cells is dominated by a broad amino acid reprogramming, led by upregulation of branched-chain amino acid transport genes, enhanced serine biosynthesis, and reduced chemotaxis. A biofilm-specific layer selectively induces tripartite tricarboxylate transporter genes from three distinct genomic loci. This transcriptional feature is accompanied by a single-cell phenotype consistent with a protein-rich and saturated membrane. These results suggest that biofilm formation is not limited to enzyme retention but is associated with selective activation of transport systems, consistent with a putative role in capturing PET-derived intermediates at the polymer interface. This two-layer model separates general metabolic adaptation to PET from biofilm-specific functions and provides a framework for understanding how surface-associated bacterial physiology contributes to plastic degradation.IMPORTANCEPolyethylene terephthalate (PET) degradation in natural and engineered environments is largely mediated by surface-attached microbial communities, yet the physiological role of biofilm state during plastic degradation remains poorly understood. Using the model PET degrader Piscinibacter sakaiensis, we show that biofilm-associated cells are not simply retained near the polymer surface but exhibit a distinct metabolic program characterized by selective induction of tripartite tricarboxylate transporters. In contrast, extensive amino acid reprogramming occurs in both biofilm and planktonic PET-exposed cells, indicating that it is driven by carbon source rather than surface attachment. These findings reveal that PET degradation involves two separable physiological layers: a general metabolic response to PET-derived carbon shared across cell phenotypes, and a biofilm-specific transport response potentially linked to substrate capture at the plastic interface. This work advances our understanding of how microbial physiology is organized during plastic biodegradation and identifies transport processes as previously unrecognized components of PET-degrading biofilms.

PET biodegradation↗

PubMed2026

Molecular adaptation of caspase genes to salinity stress in the tropical sea cucumber Stichopus monotuberculatus: A comparative analysis across echinoderms.

Apoptosis is an essential physiological process that plays a critical role in development and tissue homeostasis. Caspases, as central regulators of apoptosis, are crucial in controlling inflammation and cell death. In this study, we investigated the caspase gene family in Stichopus monotuberculatus to explore their potential roles in salinity stress adaptation. Five caspase genes were identified from the genome of S. monotuberculatus, including Smcaspase3, Smcaspase6, Smcaspase8a, Smcaspase8b, and Smcaspase8c. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these Smcaspase genes clustered into distinct caspase subfamilies and showed high conservation with homologs from other echinoderms and representative vertebrates. Conserved motif and gene structure analyses showed relatively similar structural patterns within each clade, whereas divergence was observed among different subfamilies. Promoter analysis identified numerous cis-acting elements related to gene regulation, immune response, and growth and development. Expression profiling under salinity stress showed that Smcaspase8a was significantly upregulated, particularly under prolonged stress, whereas the other genes exhibited limited transcriptional responses. Our findings highlight caspase function in salinity stress and provide the foundation of molecular salinity adaptation mechanisms in S. monotuberculatus.

Animals↗