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At least 523 records · Page 29Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Bioinformatics in neurosurgery.

WITH THE COMPLETION of the Human Genome Project, the amount of molecular biological sequence data available in public databases has reached staggering proportions. Data continue to accumulate at an exponential rate in the postgenomic era. Compilation, storage, searching, sharing, studying, and transmitting of all these data present formidable challenges. To keep pace with this extant database, the science of bioinformatics (sometimes called computational biology) has evolved. Bioinformatics is the combination of biology and computers and usually involves the storage or analysis of molecular biological sequence data at either the deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, or protein (amino acid) level. Most bioinformatics tools are freely available on the Internet for use by investigators around the globe. The collective wisdom from bioinformatics databases worldwide will continue to spawn advances in the neurological sciences for generations to come. Neurosurgeons must be aware of the power and potential applications of bioinformatics for the analysis of neurosurgical diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Biomedical informatics applications for asthma care: a systematic review.

Asthma is a common condition associated with significant patient morbidity and health care costs. Although widely accepted evidence-based guidelines for asthma management exist, unnecessary variation in patient care remains. Application of biomedical informatics techniques is one potential way to improve care for asthmatic patients. We performed a systematic literature review to identify computerized applications for clinical asthma care. Studies were evaluated for their clinical domain, developmental stage and study design. Additionally, prospective trials were identified and analyzed for potential study biases, study effects, and clinical study characteristics. Sixty-four papers were selected for review. Publications described asthma detection or diagnosis (18 papers), asthma monitoring or prevention (13 papers), patient education (13 papers), and asthma guidelines or therapy (20 papers). The majority of publications described projects in early stages of development or with non-prospective study designs. Twenty-one prospective trials were identified, which evaluated both clinical and non-clinical impacts on patient care. Most studies took place in the outpatient clinic environment, with minimal study of the emergency department or inpatient settings. Few studies demonstrated evidence of computerized applications improving clinical outcomes. Further research is needed to prospectively evaluate the impact of using biomedical informatics to improve care of asthmatic patients.

Asthma↗
PubMed2006

Telemedicine applications in occupational medicine.

Telemedicine combines telecommunication technology and medicine to increase access to health care services for patients living in remote areas and enhance the efficiency of delivering that care. This article describes the results of a Mayo Clinic pilot study on the use of telemedicine in an occupational medicine clinic for Mayo Clinic employees and their dependents. The study involved 21 patients who came for initial evaluations for work-related problems or injuries, follow-up visits, visits for acute problems such as low-back pain, and periodic health evaluations. It found that patients and providers were comfortable with the technology after a short training session and satisfied with the outcomes of the visits. More rigorous research evaluating the applications of telemedicine in occupational health care is needed.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Wireless access to a pharmaceutical database: a demonstrator for data driven Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) applications in medical information processing.

BACKGROUND: The Wireless Application Protocol technology implemented in newer mobile phones has built-in facilities for handling much of the information processing needed in clinical work. OBJECTIVES: To test a practical approach we ported a relational database of the Danish pharmaceutical catalogue to Wireless Application Protocol using open source freeware at all steps. METHODS: We used Apache 1.3 web software on a Linux server. Data containing the Danish pharmaceutical catalogue were imported from an ASCII file into a MySQL 3.22.32 database using a Practical Extraction and Report Language script for easy update of the database. Data were distributed in 35 interrelated tables. Each pharmaceutical brand name was given its own card with links to general information about the drug, active substances, contraindications etc. Access was available through 1) browsing therapeutic groups and 2) searching for a brand name. The database interface was programmed in the server-side scripting language PHP3. RESULTS: A free, open source Wireless Application Protocol gateway to a pharmaceutical catalogue was established to allow dial-in access independent of commercial Wireless Application Protocol service providers. The application was tested on the Nokia 7110 and Ericsson R320s cellular phones. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated that Wireless Application Protocol-based access to a dynamic clinical database can be established using open source freeware. The project opens perspectives for a further integration of Wireless Application Protocol phone functions in clinical information processing: Global System for Mobile communication telephony for bilateral communication, asynchronous unilateral communication via e-mail and Short Message Service, built-in calculator, calendar, personal organizer, phone number catalogue and Dictaphone function via answering machine technology. An independent Wireless Application Protocol gateway may be placed within hospital firewalls, which may be an advantage with respect to security. However, if Wireless Application Protocol phones are to become effective tools for physicians, special attention must be paid to the limitations of the devices. Input tools of Wireless Application Protocol phones should be improved, for instance by increased use of speech control.

Clinical Pharmacy Information Systems↗
PubMed2002

End-to-end performance measurement of Internet based medical applications.

We present a method to obtain an end-to-end characterization of the performance of an application over a network. This method is not dependent on any specific application or type of network. The method requires characterization of network parameters, such as latency and packet loss, between the expected server or client endpoints, as well as characterization of the application's constraints on these parameters. A subjective metric is presented that integrates these characterizations and that operates over a wide range of applications and networks. We believe that this method may be of wide applicability as research and educational applications increasingly make use of computation and data servers that are distributed over the Internet.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed2004

A semantic approach to segmentation of overlapping objects.

OBJECTIVES: This paper aims at introducing a novel approach for segmentation of overlapping objects and at demonstrating its applicability to medical images. METHODS: This work details a novel approach enhancing the known theory of full-segmentation of an image into regions by lifting it to a semantic segmentation into objects. Our theory allows the formal description of partitioning an image into regions on the first level and allowing the occurrence of overlaps and occlusions of objects on a second, semantic level. Possible applications for the use of this 'semantical segmentation' are the analysis of radiographs and micrographs. We demonstrate our approach by the example of segmentation and separation of overlapping cervical cells and cell clusters on a set of 787 image pairs of registered PAP- and DAPI-stained micrographs. The semantical cell segmentation yielding areas of cell plasmas and nuclei are compared to a manual segmentation of the same images, where 2212 cells have been labeled. A direct comparison of over and under-segmentation between the two segmentation sets yields a mean difference value of 10.15% for the nuclei and 10.80% for the plasma. RESULTS: Using the proposed theory of semantical segmentation of images in combination with adequate models of the image contents, our approach allows identifying, separating and distinguishing several overlapping, occluding objects in medical images. Applying the proposed theory to the application of cervical cell segmentation from overlapping cell clusters and aggregates, it can be seen that it is possible to formally describe the complex image contents. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed method of semantical segmentation is a mighty tool and under the assumption of the subtractive transparency model can be used in different medical image processing applications such as radiology and microscopy. By using alternative models to solve the ambiguities attached to overlaps and occlusions, further fields of application can be addressed.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2006

A framework for characterizing terminological systems.

OBJECTIVES: The notion of a terminological system (TS) is complex due to the broad range of systems, applications, and clinical domains. A uniform approach to describe the characteristics of TSs is lacking. This impedes furthering understanding, applicability, mutual comparison and development of TSs. For these reasons we propose a terminological systems characterization framework. METHODS: Relevant issues pertaining to TSs and terminology servers have been extracted from literature describing requirements and functionality of TSs. From these issues, features have been distilled and further refined. A categorization has been developed to provide a convenient arrangement of these features. RESULTS: The framework distinguishes between application-dependent and application-independent features of TSs. Definitions are provided for measures of content coverage, which was identified as the only application-dependent feature. Application-independent features are categorized along two axes: their respective type of TS and the particular element within that system, i.e. the formalism, the content, or the functionality. For each feature we provide an explicit question, the answer to which yields a feature value. The framework has been applied to SNOMED CT and the CLUE browser. CONCLUSIONS: We present and apply a framework to support a feature-based characterization of terminological systems. Standardized methods for content coverage studies reduce the effort of assessing the applicability of a TS for a specific clinical setting. A two-axial categorization provides a convenient arrangement of the large number of application-independent features. Application of the framework increases comparability of terminological systems. This framework may also help TS developers determine how their system can be improved.

Medical Informatics Applications↗
PubMed2002

Requirements and prototyping of a home health care application based on emerging JAVA technology.

IT support for home health care is an expanding area within health care IT development. Home health care differs from other in- or outpatient care delivery forms in a number of ways, and thus, the introduction of home health care applications must be based on a rigorous analysis of necessary requirements to secure safe and reliable health care. This article reports early experiences from the development of a home health care application based on emerging JAVA technologies. A prototype application for the follow-up of diabetes patients is presented and discussed in relation to a list of general requirements on home health care applications.

Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring↗
PubMed1997

HOLON: a Web-based framework for fostering guideline applications.

HOLON is a research and development effort in extending middleware in the healthcare field to support application development, in general, and guideline applications, in particular. This framework makes use of open standards for architecture, software, guideline KBs, clinical repository models, information encodings, and intelligent system modules and agents. By pursuing the use of such standards in our middleware components, we hope eventually to maximize reusability of the HOLON framework by others who also adhere to these open standards. This research reflects lessons learned about the extensions needed in these standards if healthcare middleware frameworks are to transparently support application developers and their users over the web.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed2003

Informatics training in pathology residency programs: proposed learning objectives and skill sets for the new millennium.

CONTEXT: To be successful in tomorrow's health care environment, to make the most appropriate decisions for their laboratories, to optimize training and continuing medical education opportunities, and to advance pathology as a professional specialty, pathologists must possess basic informatics knowledge and proficiency. Traditional areas of anatomic and clinical pathology residency training employ learning objectives, knowledge expectations, and skill sets, but such items have not been as well developed or widely implemented for pathology informatics training. OBJECTIVE: We present a proposal that defines a standard and specific set of learning (knowledge) objectives and skill set (proficiency) expectations for resident training in pathology informatics. DESIGN: The proposal includes a comprehensive and detailed set of knowledge applications and proficiencies that will assist residency programs in developing basic pathology informatics training for residents. The content of the proposal is based on and compiled from existing successful pathology informatics training programs. Learning objectives include those related to general and enterprise computing as well as objectives related specifically to pathology informatics. Skill set expectations include the ability to use software that facilitates and adds value to the work of pathologists, including the use of a laboratory information system and of productivity software and other tools. Other topics include guidelines for evaluating residents' informatics competency, suggestions regarding curriculum structure and implementation, and recommendations for residents' computing infrastructure. CONCLUSION: This proposal provides a foundation for building effective and standard curricula for residency training in pathology informatics. These curricula will be able to meet increasing expectations and needs for pathologists to contribute to clinical information management.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1998

Medical informatics education.

Medical Informatics is a multidisciplinary field, dealing mainly with informatics and technology applications in health care. Medical Informatics is composed from a number of sub-areas such as computer based patient record (CPR), processing of multimedia information (signals, images), coding and transmission through high speed networks of medical information (telematics), medical decision support systems, data security and integrity, integration of technologies in hospital and regional environments, and development of educational tools. The people who receive such an education are capable of development, integration and maintenance of complex hospital and health information systems both at departmental and regional levels. A very important issue however is the acceptance of information technology (IT) solutions engineered by medical informaticians from the medical personnel. In this paper we shall deal with the set-up of a medical informatics and medical technology educational environment, as well as the areas from medical informatics that the average user needs to be familiar with in order for the successful deployment of IT solutions in health care.

Curriculum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The nursing interventions classification: a language to define nursing.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To discuss the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) framework and its relationship to oncology nursing. DATA SYNTHESIS: NIC is a standardized language that identifies all interventions performed by nurses. The three-tiered taxonomy consists of six domains, 27 classes, and 433 interventions with related nursing activities. Each intervention consists of a label describing the concept, the definition of the concept, and a set of representative activities or actions. CONCLUSIONS: Although differences exist in the core interventions identified by the Oncology Nursing Society and the Association of Pediatric Oncology Nurses as critical to their practice, the NIC research team, after surveying both organizations, found numerous similarities in the possibilities for clinical application. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: NIC provides a standardized language to enable oncology nurses to describe and demonstrate their work and contributions to lawmakers, healthcare policy makers, and the public.

Clinical Nursing Research↗
PubMed2004

MyHeart: fighting cardiovascular disease by preventive lifestyle and early diagnosis.

MyHeart is an integrated project of the 6th framework programme for research and development of the European Commission under Philips Research Aachen leadership for fighting Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) by prevention and early diagnosis. The major goal of the project is to create business options using smart electronic systems and appropriate services that empower the users to take control of their own health status. MyHeart addresses a wide variety of applications in the cardiovascular disease space and intends to develop lifelong solutions for healthy people, at risk population as well for chronically ill patients.

Biomedical Technology↗
PubMed2006

Developing health surveillance networks: An adaptive approach.

The research literature on public health information and communication networks shows enormous promise and tremendous obstacles. There is a great deal of evidence to suggest that when electronic health information systems are widely employed, and clinical information is easily shared, trained individuals can track and monitor health status, and avert acute events that can potentially effect an individual or a population. However, the research literature also leaves unresolved important questions about effectiveness vs. efficacy: that is, whether health information sharing can achieve compliance on a large scale, particularly across social, political, economic and geographic boundaries. For this reason, we propose adaptive health care information networks to collect, process and disseminate health information and reduce medical errors. This research assesses existing electronic health monitoring initiatives in the United States and worldwide, discusses their progress and limitations. We identify how health care information networks could be improved by the application of innovative theories and technologies, such as complex adaptive theory, expert systems, and grid technology.

Computer Communication Networks↗