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At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Fuzzy detection of EEG alpha without amplitude thresholding.

Intelligent automated systems are needed to assist the tedious visual analysis of polygraphic recordings. Most systems need detection of different electroencephalogram (EEG) waveforms. The problem in automated detection of alpha activity is the large inter-individual variability of its amplitude and duration. In this work, a fuzzy reasoning based method for the detection of alpha activity was designed and tested using a total of 32 recordings from seven different subjects. Intelligence of the method was distributed to features extracted and the way they were combined. The ranges of the fuzzy rules were determined based on feature statistics. The advantage of the detector is that no alpha amplitude threshold needs to be selected. The performance of the alpha detector was assessed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. When the true positive rate was 94.2%, the false positive rate was 9.2%, which indicates good performance in sleep EEG analysis.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Preliminary results from an EIT breast imaging simulation system.

An electrical impedance tomography (EIT) simulation system for breast imaging has been developed using impedance data from a previous study and a finite-element model (FEM). This system has the functionality to construct various models of the breast, image the boundary voltages developed from any injection schema and provide parametric Cole-Cole modelling. Simulations indicate that breast carcinoma can be imaged and multi-frequency Cole-Cole dispersion data can be extracted. This is intended as the first stage towards providing an artificial intelligence based system capable of producing clinically relevant analytical data.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2001

LAHYSTOTRAIN development and evaluation of a complex training system for hysteroscopy.

Hysteroscopy has already become an irreplaceable method in gynaecoloic diagnosis and therapy. In the diagnostic case the hysteroscope with a 30 degrees optic is insert transvaginally, in the therapeutic case the resectoscope with a 12 degrees optic is used. The endoscopic intervention requires special surgical skills for endoscope handling and remote instrument control. To acquire these skills currently hands-on training in clinical praxis has become standard, which is linked with higher danger for the women. To overcome current drawbacks of traditional training methods the European project LAHYSTOTRAIN was set up, that tries to combine Virtual Reality (VR), Multimedia (MM) technology, and Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) to develop an alternative training system for hysteroscopic interventions. The first prototype of the LAHYSTOTRAIN demonstrator has been shown on several European conferences. An evaluation of the system was performed, with the idea, to collect feedback and impressions, that should be considered in further developments. This paper presents the LAHYSTOTRAIN prototype and the results of these evaluations.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1998

Virtual reality in psychotherapy: the MYTHSEEKER software.

This chapter outlines the use in psychotherapy and medical diagnosis of an intelligent software system that helps clients to explore Personal Myth within virtual reality environments. Patented MYTHSEEKER software will allow clients to work with mythic analogues of lifeshapes and aspirations. This can help to focus therapy directions, find ways to participate with the person's world, and allow a kind of personal expression not previously possible. The software phases of assessment, facilitation, and enaction are described by which the client is assisted to explore systems of mythology or spirituality (called Depth Systems) that are traditional, ancient or newly-arising. The client builds a Personal Depth System representing Personal Myth, based on experiencing other Depth Systems, which can itself be experienced in the virtual environment. This paper outlines our methodology and technology to realize these operations. Space limitations prevent further description in the present chapter of MYTHSEEKER software technology or psychotherapy scenarios of involvement.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed2026

Toward real-time quantification of driving risks: a systematic review and research agenda of risk field theory.

In complex traffic systems, driving risk often evolves in a continuous and progressive manner prior to crash occurrence. How to effectively represent and analyze such latent risk states remains a central challenge in traffic safety research. In recent years, risk field-based approaches have introduced spatial and spatiotemporal continuous modeling paradigms, providing new perspectives for characterizing the distribution of traffic risk and its dynamic evolution. Motivated by the rapid growth of this research area and the lack of a systematic synthesis, this paper presents a comprehensive review of studies applying risk field theory to driving safety and traffic risk analysis. Following the PRISMA guidelines, relevant literature was collected through multi-database searches and analyzed using a combination of bibliometric analysis and qualitative review. The review systematically summarizes the theoretical foundations, modeling elements, data sources, analytical methods, and application domains of risk field-related research. Particular attention is given to studies that conceptualize traffic risk as a continuous field, complemented by a broader review of traffic risk factor literature to identify key elements and analytical dimensions involved in risk field modeling. On this basis, the paper synthesizes research progress in major application areas, including traffic safety state representation, driving behavior analysis, traffic conflict assessment, and autonomous driving and human-machine cooperative systems. Differences and commonalities among existing studies are compared in terms of modeling strategies, data support, and application scenarios. Through this systematic review, the paper clarifies the main research themes and methodological trends of risk field-based studies, providing a structured framework for understanding the evolution and application of this approach and offering methodological insights for risk perception modeling and safety-oriented decision support in intelligent transportation systems (ITS).

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Automated scanning and digitizing of roentgenographs for documentation and research.

A comprehensive system has been developed for analyzing and reporting the results of total hip arthroplasty. The personal-computer-based system links patient demographic data with digital storage, retrieval, and analysis of roentgenographs. The system consists of a roentgenograph scanner for converting sheet film to digital data, an optical mark reader for patient data input, an archiving system with optical storage, and a physician display station for preoperative planning and postoperative evaluation. Once a roentgenograph has been digitized and stored, the image can be retrieved and manipulated in a manner not possible with the original sheet film. A selected roentgenograph can be brought to full or enlarged scale, enhanced, and overlaid with templates for preoperative planning or for postoperative measurement of changes. In addition, an intelligent database system has been developed for linking patient demographic information with the roentgenographic data. The database system employs uniform criteria and terminology and allows the retrospective study and statistical analysis of comparable cases. Three machine-readable code sheets are used: Form A, Replacement of the Hip; Form B, Hip Prosthesis Reoperation; and Form C, Follow-up. Forms A and B contain information concerning anamnesis, diagnosis, treatment, postoperative course, recovery, and discharge of the patient from the hospital. Form C provides information on physical examination, pain, mobility of the hip, walking ability, and evaluation of the results by the surgeon as well as the patient.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed2005

Applications of Artificial Neural Networks in integrated water management: fiction or future?

An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is nowadays recognized as a very promising tool for relating input data to output data. It is said that the possibilities of artificial neural networks are unlimited. Here we focus on the potential role of neural networks in integrated water management. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is a mathematical methodology which describes relations between cause (input data) and effects (output data) irrespective of the process laying behind and without the need for making assumptions considering the nature of the relations. The applications are widespread and vary from optimization of measuring networks, operational water management, prediction of drinking water consumption, on-line steering of wastewater treatment plants and sewage systems, up to more specific applications such as establishing a relationship between the observed erosion of groyne field sediments and the characteristics of passing vessels on the river Rhine. Especially where processes are complex, neural networks can open new possibilities for understanding and modelling these kinds of complex processes. Besides explaining the method of ANN this paper shows different applications. Three examples have been worked out in more detail. An intelligent monitoring system is shown for the on-line prediction of water consumption, ANN are successfully used for sludge cost monitoring and optimizing wastewater treatment and the usage of ANN is shown in optimizing and monitoring water quality measuring networks. An ANN appears to be a multiuse and powerful tool for modelling complex processes.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗
PubMed1990

Computer applications in orthopaedics.

With the rapid developments in microprocessors, the widespread availability of computers has brought about broad applications in the field of orthopaedics. The present technology enables large quantities of data to be logically processed in a very short span of time. This has led to the development of information management database systems where relevant medical information may be retrieved very quickly and effectively. The analytical power of the computer has also been utilised in expert systems to assist in clinical-decision making process. Computer graphics have revolutionised the visualisation of physical features of internal and external body parts, providing new and improved modalities of diagnosis. In some centres, surgical planning and rehearsals are already being carried out at the computer terminal with the use of animation and computer graphics. Computer technology has also played an active role in the field of prosthetics and rehabilitation. Intelligent robotic systems and microprocessor with functional neuromuscular stimulation have been applied to benefit, and in some cases restore some motor functions to the physically disabled. With more collaboration between engineers, scientists and the medical community, several prototypes of computer-controlled prostheses and prosthesis designed and manufactured by Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology are available today to assist the amputees in their daily living and ambulatory activities.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed1992

Infrastructure design of a picture archiving and communication system.

A picture archiving and communication system (PACS) infrastructure is the necessary framework to integrate distributed and heterogeneous imaging systems, provide intelligent data-base management of all radiology-related information, arrange an efficient means of viewing, analyzing, and documenting study results, and furnish a mechanism for effectively communicating study results to the referring physician. The PACS infrastructure consists of a basic skeleton of hardware components integrated by standardized, flexible software subsystems. This review describes these concepts and basic building blocks drawn from our original investigation, past experience, and the current clinical system in our radiology department.

Computer Systems↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A voice-enabled, structured medical reporting system.

Kurzweil Applied Intelligence received a research grant from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Advanced Technology Program to develop a prototype voice-enabled, structured medical reporting system. In typical usage, the physician dictates to the system, which then uses automatic speech recognition and medical knowledge bases to produce a structured report. This report can then be formatted and viewed on a computer screen, stored in databases of patient information, transmitted to other systems, used to support outcome studies, or viewed on a Web browser. The output reports are structured according to two standard, platform-independent formats: SGML and CORBA. These formats represent the data in a way that can be read by both computers and humans, and efficiently communicated to a wide range of databases and communications protocols.

Information Storage and Retrieval↗
PubMedDate not supplied

DIABNET: a qualitative model-based advisory system for therapy planning in gestational diabetes.

An intelligent decision support system for the analysis of home monitoring data and therapy planning in gestational diabetes is presented. The paper describes the integration of qualitative and quantitative reasoning modules within the DIABNET advisory system. The system kernel is a qualitative model of the physiological processes involved in the glucose metabolism of this type of diabetic patient. A causal probabilistic network (CPN) has been used to represent the qualitative model in order to manage uncertain and missing monitoring data. The DIABNET inputs are the patient's available ambulatory monitoring data, and the output is a dietary and insulin therapy adjustment that includes initiation of insulin therapy, quantitative insulin dose changes and qualitative diet and schedule modifications. Over periods of up to seven days, monitoring data are analysed by the CPN to detect any diet or insulin therapy items which may require modification. The qualitative insulin needs are translated into a quantitative proposal in line with the characteristics of the patient and the modification strategies usually used by doctors. The first evaluation of the system has been accomplished, the encouraging results of which are also presented.

Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring↗
PubMed1999

Better theatre management through intelligent reporting: the TIME (theatre information, management and efficiency) system.

Hospital managers, clinicians or their colleges, and the government departments of health are interested in a variety of information for understanding the performance of the health care system and making informed decisions. Intelligent reporting aims to provide the most relevant and reliable information to major stakeholders to facilitate evidence-based practice. The key element in the reporting system is its ability to identify unsatisfactory practice. The TIME (theatre information, management and efficiency) system developed at the North Queensland Clinical School and James Cook University aims to provide intelligible reports for better theatre management. It reflects an effective amalgamation of surgical expertise and systems management principles.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2004

[Performance of Cholera-SMART and Pathogen-Detection-Kit in the quick diagnosis of cholera].

OBJECTIVES: To compare the performance of two rapid systems for the diagnosis of cholera with the culture method, and to propose a strategy for improving the specificity and sensitivity of these systems and reducing the costs involved in making a diagnosis. METHODS: The following institutions participated in the study: the National Bacteriology Referral Center (Centro Nacional de Referencia en Bacteriologia, CNRB) of the Costa Rican Institute for Research and Teaching in Nutrition and Health (Instituto Costarricense de Investigacion y Ensenanza en Nutricion y Salud, INCIENSA) and various hospitals in the provinces of Alajuela, Guanacaste and San Jose, in Costa Rica. A total of 237 feces samples were used to asses the performance of two tests for the rapid detection of Vibrio cholerae 01: the Pathogen Detection Kit (PDK, Intelligent Monitoring Systems, Gainesville, Florida, USA) and Cholera-SMART (New Horizons Diagnostics Corp., Columbia, Maryland, USA), both when applied directly (direct SMART and direct PDK) and when applied to specimens cultured in broth-enriched medium for 6 hours (SMART-6 and CPK-6) and for 18 hours (SMART-18 and PDK-18) at 37 degrees C in alkaline peptone water. Liquid and partially formed stools were cultured and examined by means of the rapid direct test; when the initial result was negative, the tests were repeated after culture for periods of 6 and 18 hours. Rectal and fecal swabs were obtained from feces cultured in enriched-broth medium for 6 and 18 hours. In addition, we studied the sensitivity of the rapid testing systems by using pure cultures of V. cholerae 01 (strain SOS-833, CNRB, Costa Rica) that were incubated for 18 to 24 hours, and we assessed the usefulness of observing motility under the microscope in order to rationalize the use of rapid methods. RESULTS: The sensitivity of the direct SMART test and of the direct PDK test was 100% when samples obtained from liquid and partially formed stools and from the intestinal contents of dead bodies were used. With these samples, the direct SMART procedure showed a specificity of 100%, whereas the direct PDK procedure showed a specificity that ranged from 85.7% to 77.4%, depending on the type of sample. False positives obtained with the direct PDK method turned out to be negative with PDK-6 and PDK-18. Among the rectal and fecal swabs of persons with and without diarrhea or who had received prior treatment with antibiotics, three results that were negative with the SMART-6 procedure and two that were negative with the PDK-6 procedure turned out to be positive with the SMART-18 and PDK-18 procedures, respectively. Both systems showed excellent concordance (kappa index above 0.9) throughout. Both systems were sensitive to 6 x 10(7) colony-forming units per milliliter (cfu/mL), which was concordant with the microscopic observation of 10 microorganisms or more per field with the type of motility that characterizes vibrios (at 1000 x magnification). Samples having fewer than 10 microorganisms with the motility that characterizes vibrios had concentrations between 6 x 10(3) and 6 x 10(6) cfu/mL and became positive only after incubation in enriched-broth medium for 6 to 18 hours. We propose a strategy for diagnosing the presence of V. cholerae 01 infection in less time than it takes with traditional methods, with positive and negative predictive values of 100%. CONCLUSIONS: The SMART and PDK systems make it possible to accurately diagnose cholera quickly, don't require sophisticated equipment or highly qualified technical personnel, and perform satisfactorily in field conditions. Through the proposed strategy, it becomes possible to improve the specificity and sensitivity of these systems and to reduce the cost of making a diagnosis, thus making them suitable for use in cholera surveillance in low-income settings where this disease is a serious public health problem.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed2024

Bridging the Gap From Proteomics Technology to Clinical Application: Highlights From the 68th Benzon Foundation Symposium.

The 68th Benzon Foundation Symposium brought together leading experts to explore the integration of mass spectrometry-based proteomics and artificial intelligence to revolutionize personalized medicine. This report highlights key discussions on recent technological advances in mass spectrometry-based proteomics, including improvements in sensitivity, throughput, and data analysis. Particular emphasis was placed on plasma proteomics and its potential for biomarker discovery across various diseases. The symposium addressed critical challenges in translating proteomic discoveries to clinical practice, including standardization, regulatory considerations, and the need for robust "business cases" to motivate adoption. Promising applications were presented in areas such as cancer diagnostics, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular health. The integration of proteomics with other omics technologies and imaging methods was explored, showcasing the power of multimodal approaches in understanding complex biological systems. Artificial intelligence emerged as a crucial tool for the acquisition of large-scale proteomic datasets, extracting meaningful insights, and enhancing clinical decision-making. By fostering dialog between academic researchers, industry leaders in proteomics technology, and clinicians, the symposium illuminated potential pathways for proteomics to transform personalized medicine, advancing the cause of more precise diagnostics and targeted therapies.

Proteomics↗
PubMed2000

Problems and solutions for artificial kidney.

The uremic syndrome is the prototype of a slowly progressive endogenous intoxication, when a detoxifying organ (in this case the kidney) fails. It is characterized by the gradual retention of a host of metabolites, which is in part corrected by dialysis, allowing survival with an acceptable quality of life. This paper reviews the main problems of hemodialysis today, and possible solutions. Adequacy of dialysis is estimated currently from the concentration of urea, which is used as a marker molecule. The problem is that urea is not really toxic by itself. Other markers with known toxicity, such as middle molecules (300-12,000 D) and protein bound compounds should be considered. The question then arises whether the classical dialytic concept based on diffusion should be modified. Adsorptive systems may be strong binders of protein bound solutes. Other concepts that are now arising, and that may add to toxin removal, are slow and daily dialysis. Another question that could be raised is whether it would not be possible to support toxin removal, by administering peroral sorbants. Dialysis patients are prone to vascular disease and die early from cardio-vascular complications. One of the solutions for this problem could be to bring the blood of dialyzed patients into contact with antioxidants (e.g. vitamin C or E). The risk for perdialytic hemodynamic instability is increased in many dialysis patients. The ideal solution would be to develop an "intelligent" dialysis system, whereby blood volume and plasma osmolality are sensed continuously, and ultrafiltration and dialysate sodium concentration are adapted in function of this evolution. An adequate vascular access is indispensable to perform adequate dialysis, but thrombotic/stenotic complications are frequent. This could be prevented by molecular biological modification of vascular grafts, whereby genetic information is entered into the cells, blocking the natural chain of events that otherwise unavoidably leads to neointimal hyperplasia and atherosclerosis. Another old dream is to develop a wearable artificial kidney, whereby patients can move around, and be treated 24 hours per 24 hours, in stead of being treated intermittently at a specific location by the dialysis machine. According to some authors, part of the natural renal function could be replaced by cultured renal tubular cells, which are brought in contact with the blood of the patients. It is concluded that thrilling improvements lie ahead in the future, but the following questions arise: 1) What is the cost of all these improvements? 2) Will it remain possible to reimburse all this? 3) What is going to happen in transplantation, mainly regarding improvements in immunosuppression and the development of xenotransplantation?

Forecasting↗
PubMed1990

Significant differences in the structural basis of the induction of sister chromatid exchanges and chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary cells.

The structural basis of the induction of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and chromosomal aberrations (Cvt) in Chinese hamster ovary cells was investigated by the CASE (Computer Automated Structure Evaluation) method, an artificial-intelligence-based system. Using the relevant National Toxicology Program data bases CASE identified a set of structural determinants responsible for the induction of SCE and another one for Cvt. A comparison between the structural determinants associated with SCE and Cvt revealed an overlap of only 22.6%, while the overlap between SCE and the determinants of mutagenicity in Salmonella is 54.5%. This indicates a) that the structural bases of the two phenomena differ and b) that it is likely that SCE, but not Cvt, involves a significant electrophilic/DNA-damaging component.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Prognosis after total removal of craniopharyngiomas via the frontobasal interhemispheric approach].

Prognosis after total removal of craniopharyngiomas via the frontobasal interhemispheric approach is reviewed. Seventeen patients with craniopharyngiomas were operated on in Sapporo Medical University Hospital between January, 1985 and December, 1993. In eleven patients, lamina terminalis was incised and in the last six patients, it was left intact. Tumors were completely resected in all patients. After removal of the tumor, hypothalmic--pituitary functions, visual functions and psychometric functions were examined. Two of the 17 cases showed hypernaturemia and fourteen (82%) had permanent DI. Fourteen patients are receiving DDAVP and all are receiving endocrine replacement. Of fourteen patients who had disturbance of their visual acuity, nine (64%) improved. Five of six patients (83%) who presented visual field defect showed improvement in their deficits. Thirteen patients had a psychometric assessment at the time of follow-up examination. Full-scale intelligence quotient scores were distributed as follows: three above 120, five between 90 and 109, three between 70 and 79 and two below 69. Four (32%) had some impairment of memory. Concerning the QOL after total removal of craniopharyngiomas via the frontobasal interhemispheric approach, thirteen patients (76%) are leading normal lives, and three (18%) are leading nearly normal lives but require some help to overcome mild deficits. One (6%) has suffered a significant handicap.

Adolescent↗