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PubMed2001

The effect of data collection mode on smoking attitudes and behavior in young African American and Latina women. Face-to-face interview versus self-administered questionnaires.

Evaluating smoking prevention and cessation programs requires valid data collection. This study examined two survey modes--face-to-face (FTF) interview and self-administered questionnaire (SAQ)--comparing response rates, sample characteristics, data quality, and response effects. From two family planning clinics, 601 female Latina and African American clients ages 12 to 21 were recruited and randomized to either group. Results reveal that neither mode is superior to the other. The SAQ may therefore be preferable for this population, despite its higher rate of incompletes, because it yields results similar to the FTF yet is more cost effective and less disruptive to clinic routines.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Avoiding common pitfalls in qualitative data collection and transcription.

The subjective nature of qualitative research necessitates scrupulous scientific methods to ensure valid results. Although qualitative methods such as grounded theory, phenomenology, and ethnography yield rich data, consumers of research need to be able to trust the findings reported in such studies. Researchers are responsible for establishing the trustworthiness of qualitative research through a variety of ways. Specific challenges faced in the field can seriously threaten the dependability of the data. However, by minimizing potential errors that can occur when doing fieldwork, researchers can increase the trustworthiness of the study. The purpose of this article is to present three of the pitfalls that can occur in qualitative research during data collection and transcription: equipment failure, environmental hazards, and transcription errors. Specific strategies to minimize the risk for avoidable errors will be discussed.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1989

International Collaborative Effort (ICE) on birthweight; plurality; and perinatal and infant mortality. I: Methods of data collection and analysis.

This paper describes the collection and analysis of data by a group of international collaborators (International Collaborative Effort on Perinatal and Infant Mortality) interested in comparative studies on birthweight distributions and reproductive outcome. This is the first of a series of reports on the results of these studies. It gives an account of the countries or states involved, and the collection and characteristics of the data. The countries and states included sixteen of the United States, plus England and Wales, Denmark, Bavaria and North Rhine-Westphalia from the Federal Republic of Germany, Israel, Japan, Norway, Scotland, and Sweden. The data comprised birthweight distributions in 500-gram groups for all births and for singletons separately, for livebirths, stillbirths, first week deaths and, where available, late neonatal and infant deaths, from 1970 up to 1985.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1983

Validity of injury data collected by interview: a study of men born in 1913 and 1923.

An investigation of the validity of anamnestic injury data with special reference to head injuries, was performed, as part of an epidemiological population study of middle aged men. Injury data collected by interview were checked against control data from an emergency department, covering a 7-year period. About 65% of head injuries in the control data set, and 60% of all types of injuries were reported. Injury severity, alcohol intoxication, ambulance transportation and recall period were factors which tended to influence the reporting frequency.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of children with brachial plexus birth palsy using the Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI) measures differences in function between children with brachial plexus birth palsy (BPBP) who are candidates for shoulder tendon surgery and age-matched controls. The PODCI was administered prospectively to 23 children with BPBP who were candidates for shoulder tendon surgery. Their results were compared with published PODCI data for control subjects, and factors associated with function within the BPBP cohort were determined. Children in the BPBP cohort had significantly lower PODCI scores in upper extremity function, sports, and global function than control subjects. Limited active shoulder external rotation was significantly associated with lower functional scores. The PODCI measures diminished upper extremity function in children with BPBP who are candidates for shoulder tendon surgery, thereby showing promise as a tool for measuring baseline function and postoperative functional gains for children with BPBP.

Birth Injuries↗
PubMed1994

A harness and computer system to facilitate automated body temperature data collection in heat-stressed broilers.

An easy-to-use, low-cost system was developed that permitted nearly continuous, automated core body temperature (Tc) readings on 7-wk-old male broiler chickens via direct computer linkage to thermistor probes held in place by a specially designed harness. Elevated Tc was noted in heat stress studies following the replacement of expelled temperature probes in some hyperthermic birds. To demonstrate the usefulness of the data collection system described herein, three treatments with three to four birds per treatment were used to examine this observation. Birds were designated as handled only (HAN), handled to remove and replace the temperature probe (RPL), or left as nonhandled controls (CON). Treatments had no effect on subsequent Tc in experiments when the thermoregulatory capacity of the birds was not challenged. However, when the birds were sufficiently challenged, Tc of HAN and RPL birds increased within 4 min of the initiation of handling and remained above baseline for up to 45 min. The Tc of CON birds in that trial also increased, but to a smaller degree, within 5 min and remained above baseline for up to 20 min. This study indicates that Tc of hyperthermic birds can be superelevated by simulated manual placement of cloacal temperature probes and that fixed probes connected to an automated data monitoring and collection system is a relatively simple way to avoid this problem.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Data collection in decision-making: a study in general practice.

In a study of simulated consultations with patients suffering from dyspepsia, the amount and nature of information required by 20 general practitioners to make management decisions about these simulated patients were analysed. The number of items of information required to complete all eight cases ranged from 23 to 128 (median 66). Doctors who consulted more rapidly in actual surgeries required less information in the simulations (P less than 0.01). Two-way analysis of variance showed that both cases and doctors independently influenced the number of items of information collected, but that doctors were a more powerful influence (P less than 0.05). The nature of the information collected by doctors varied widely between individuals. There was no correlation between the professional experience of the doctors studied and the amount or nature of data collected; this is at odds with previous studies and requires an alternative explanation.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of the quality of patient data collected by hospital and departmental computer systems.

The quality of patient data routinely collected in hospitals is rarely assessed, though by repute it may often be incomplete and inaccurate. To explore their completeness and accuracy, patient data separately collected by a hospital Patient Administration System (PAS) and by a departmental Clinical Information System (CIS) used by clinicians were compared. The results indicate that, although both systems appear to record reliably demographic and administrative data, PAS data are more complete than CIS data. Moreover clinicians and medical records staff seem to use classifications of diagnoses and procedures in profoundly different ways. More attention should be paid to the need to assess and improve data quality. The development of a shared database, used and validated by medical records staff and clinicians alike, may be the best way to achieve this.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interactive data collection: benefits of integrating new media into pediatric research.

Despite the prevalence of children's computerized games for recreational and educational purposes, the use of interactive technology to obtain pediatric research data remains underexplored. This article describes the development of laptop interactive data collection (IDC) software for a children's health intervention study. The IDC integrates computer technology, children's developmental needs, and quantitative research methods that are engaging for school-age children as well as reliable and efficient for the pediatric health researcher. Using this methodology, researchers can address common problems such as maintaining a child's attention throughout an assessment session while potentially increasing their response rate and reducing missing data rates. The IDC also promises to produce more reliable data by eliminating the need for manual double entry of data and reducing much of the time and costs associated with data cleaning and management. Development and design considerations and recommendations for further use are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed2005

[Setting up a data collection and assessment system of the Permanent Healthcare Access Activities (PASS)].

INTRODUCTION: Five years after introducing the Permanent Access to Healthcare activity (PASS), it became necessary to analyse how it works. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A computerized data collection and assessment system intended to evaluate the PASS health activities has been set up in 11 University Hospitals and ten General Hospitals. From January 1st to June, 30th 2003 data was captured in a computer. RESULTS: The patients requiring medical advice are young (with an average age of 35 years) and present several signs of poverty in terms of accommodation, social relationships and financial means. Besides, almost all of them are uninsured. The PASS public corresponds completely to the created system. Poverty risk factors vary according to the geographic origin. Indeed, French people often suffer from isolation, whereas foreign patients present financial problems. The major part of patients are foreigners and more than a third of them do not speak French, which is an additional obstacle to care. Most of the time, the PASS patients present digestive disorders, nevertheless there are some differences between French and foreign patients. Indeed, foreigners very frequently have digestive and osteoarticluar problems, whereas French patients suffer from psychic disorders and present addictive behaviours. Some patients are sent to physicians downtown (9%) and to external medicosocial assistance centres (39.5%). DISCUSSION: This study (first one in France) provides us with homogenous data regarding the activities of PASS centres nationwide. The usefulness of computers and its acceptability facilitate data diffusion, with possibilities of adapting to each centre while preserving a common basis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Accuracy of emergency physician data collection in automobile collisions.

OBJECTIVE: Triage decisions must be based on accurate information with a valid understanding of injury patterns and their sources. Only a data base that includes both medical and collision factors can best provide the breadth of information required to achieve this goal. In the study reported here we assessed the accuracy of automobile collision data collected by emergency physicians compared with Police Accident Reports. DESIGN: Prospective study in which emergency medicine attending physicians completed questionnaires placed near the entrance to the trauma rooms in the emergency department. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During a two-month period the emergency medicine attending physicians obtained data concerning vehicle collision factors for all automobile collisions resulting in major trauma to patients over 18 years of age who were triaged to the Emergency Department at Stanford University Hospital, a level-I trauma center. These data were then compared by one of the investigators with the data contained in Police Accident Reports, which were available for 50 of the 64 patients who met the study eligibility criteria. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: For each automobile collision, the attending physician was asked to collect the following data: direction of impact; extrication required; ejection; type and use of restraints; deployment of an airbag; type of vehicle; reported severity (minor, moderate, or major) of impact; presence and degree of steering wheel deformation; presence and degree of intrusion into occupant compartment; estimated speed and collision type (i.e., vehicle to vehicle, to fixed object, etc.) Nearly three-fourths (74%) of all cases had at least one discrepancy when compared with the Police Accident Reports, while 46% of these had multiple discrepancies. CONCLUSIONS: When data obtained by emergency physicians are compared with the information in Police Accident Reports, there are notable differences on several collision factors. Triage decisions must be based on accurate information with a valid understanding of injury patterns and their sources. Only a data base that includes both medical and collision factors can best provide the breadth of information required to achieve this goal.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2005

The effect of data collection mode and ethnicity of interviewer on response rates and self-reported alcohol use among Turks and Moroccans in the Netherlands: an experimental study.

AIMS: To test the effects of data collection mode and ethnicity of interviewers on response rates and self-reported alcohol use among second-generation Turks and Moroccans in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. METHODS: Two hundred and sixty-nine Turks and 271 Moroccans were interviewed face-to-face, and 475 Turks and 482 Moroccans received a mailed questionnaire. Half of the Turks and Moroccans randomly allocated to the interview mode were ethnically matched to the interviewer; the remainder were allocated to a Dutch interviewer. RESULTS: Turks and Moroccans more often responded to a face-to-face interview than to a mailed questionnaire. No effect of ethnicity of interviewer on response rates was demonstrated. With respect to the effects on alcohol reports, Turks and Moroccans tended to report a higher alcohol use in the mailed survey than in the face-to-face interview. They reported significantly more often excessive drinking in the mail survey than in the face-to-face interviews. Ethnicity of the interviewer resulted in Turks and Moroccans reporting a higher prevalence of alcohol use during the previous 6 months when interviewed by a Dutch interviewer compared with an ethnically matched interviewer. CONCLUSIONS: Among second-generation Turks and Moroccans, mail surveys seem most suitable to measure mean and excessive alcohol use. However, interviews held by Dutch interviewers seem to be the most appropriate method to study the prevalence of alcohol use during the previous 6 months.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Automating research data collection.

This article reviews the capabilities, advantages, and disadvantages of three forms of automated data collection-scannable data forms, Web-based forms, and handheld computers-compared with the current standard of data entry by hand on paper forms. Each of these methods is reviewed with respect to ease of use, experience required of designer, end-user training requirements, costs, flexibility, speed, accuracy/error rate, potential for data loss, need for technical support, and equipment and/or software requirements. A discussion of their appropriate application to various kinds of studies is included, followed by examples of research studies using each of these methods.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Community Hospital-based Stroke Programs: North Carolina, Oregon, and New York. I: Goals, objectives, and data collection procedures.

In order to assess the impact of variations in stroke care on outcomes, and to make geographic comparisons, the three Community Hospital-Based Stroke Programs in North Carolina, Oregon, and New York, aggregated their data on 4,132 hospitalized stroke patients. Complete demographic data or "Major Profile" were obtained on 2,390 (57.8%) of the 4,132 stroke patients. This includes those patients on whom informed patient and physician consents were obtained during the hospitalization. Of the major profile patients, 1,490 (62.3%) were followed for periods up to one year, 502 (21.0%) were lost to followup and 398 (16.6%) died within the one year followup period. Incomplete demographic data or "Minor Profile" were observed on 1,742 (42.1%) of the 4,132 patients. Minor profile includes those who died before comprehensive interviews were completed or those for whom informed consent for an interview could not be obtained. Of the minor profile group, 813 (46.7%) died in hospital, and 929 (53.3%) were alive when discharged from the hospital. This paper, which describes the programs, data collection procedures, and study cases, also highlights specific issues on stroke diagnosis, risk factors associated with stroke, and the influence of interventions on stroke outcomes. We conclude that: 1) the merging of data on hospitalized stroke cases from rural and urban hospitals in geographically distinct regions can be used in the study of stroke diagnosis, the use of diagnostic tests, and the effect of interventions on stroke outcomes; and 2) these data are consistent with the hypothesis that part of the national decline in mortality from stroke is due to a decline in stroke severity.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

A quantitative assessment of femoral head activity using 99Tcm -polyphosphate and a computer data collection system.

Abnormal femoral head activity in Legg-Calve-Perthes' disease has been measured using 99Tcm -polyphosphate and a gamma camera/computer data collection system. A reference point on the data matrix, which is unaffected by the diease, is used for deriving comparative uptake ratios in each femoral head. The reference point remains unaltered after surgical procedures or short intervals between follow-up studies. Early abnormality can be measured in both unilateral and bilateral femoral head pathology.

Child↗
PubMed2005

Long-term personality data collection in support of spaceflight and analogue research.

This is a review of past and present research into personality and performance at the University of Texas (UT) Human Factors Research Project. Specifically, personality trait data collected from astronauts, pilots, Antarctic personnel, and other groups over a 15-yr period is discussed with particular emphasis on research in space and space analogue environments. The UT Human Factors Research Project conducts studies in personality and group dynamics in aviation, space, and medicine. Current studies include personality determinants of professional cultures, team effectiveness in both medicine and aviation, and personality predictors of long-term astronaut performance. The Project also studies the design and effectiveness of behavioral strategies used to minimize error and maximize team performance in safety-critical work settings. A multi-year personality and performance dataset presents many opportunities for research, including long-term and follow-up studies of human performance, analyses of trends in recruiting and attrition, and the ability to adapt research design to operational changes and methodological advances. Special problems posed by such long-duration projects include issues of confidentiality and security, as well as practical limitations imposed by current peer-review and short-term funding practices. Practical considerations for ongoing dataset management include consistency of assessment instruments over time, variations in data acquisition from one year to the next, and dealing with changes in theory and practice that occur over the life of the project. A fundamental change in how research into human performance is funded would be required to ensure the ongoing development of such long-duration research databases.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

Algorithms to qualify respiratory data collected during the transport of trauma patients.

We developed a quality indexing system to numerically qualify respiratory data collected by vital-sign monitors in order to support reliable post-hoc mining of respiratory data. Each monitor-provided (reference) respiratory rate (RR(R)) is evaluated, second-by-second, to quantify the reliability of the rate with a quality index (QI(R)). The quality index is calculated from: (1) a breath identification algorithm that identifies breaths of 'typical' sizes and recalculates the respiratory rate (RR(C)); (2) an evaluation of the respiratory waveform quality (QI(W)) by assessing waveform ambiguities as they impact the calculation of respiratory rates and (3) decision rules that assign a QI(R) based on RR(R), RR(C) and QI(W). RR(C), QI(W) and QI(R) were compared to rates and quality indices independently determined by human experts, with the human measures used as the 'gold standard', for 163 randomly chosen 15 s respiratory waveform samples from our database. The RR(C) more closely matches the rates determined by human evaluation of the waveforms than does the RR(R) (difference of 3.2 +/- 4.6 breaths min(-1) versus 14.3 +/- 19.3 breaths min(-1), mean +/- STD, p < 0.05). Higher QI(W) is found to be associated with smaller differences between calculated and human-evaluated rates (average differences of 1.7 and 8.1 breaths min(-1) for the best and worst QI(W), respectively). Establishment of QI(W) and QI(R), which ranges from 0 for the worst-quality data to 3 for the best, provides a succinct quantitative measure that allows for automatic and systematic selection of respiratory waveforms and rates based on their data quality.

Algorithms↗