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[Eye fatigue in automobile drivers].
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[Clinical examination and treatment of eyestrain].
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[Visual fatigue in shipboard personnel belonging to various categories].
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Working conditions, visual fatigue, and mental health among systems analysts in São Paulo, Brazil.
AIMS: To evaluate the association between working conditions and visual fatigue and mental health among systems analysts living in São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: A cross sectional study was carried out by a multidisciplinary team. It included: ergonomic analysis of work, individual and group interviews, and 553 self applied questionnaires in two enterprises. The comparison population numbered 136 workers in different occupations. RESULTS: The study population mainly comprised young males. Among systems analysts, visual fatigue was associated with mental workload, inadequate equipment and workstation, low level of worker participation, being a woman, and subject's attitude of fascination by the computer. Nervousness and intellectual performance were associated with mental workload, inadequate equipment, work environment, and tools. Continuing education and leisure were protective factors. Work interfering in family life was associated with mental workload, difficulties with clients, strict deadlines, subject's attitude of fascination by the computer, and finding solutions of work problems outside work. Family support, satisfaction in life and work, and adequate work environment and tools were protective factors. Work interfering in personal life was associated with subject's attitude of fascination by the computer, strict deadlines, inadequate equipment, and high level of work participation. Satisfaction in life and work and continuing education were protective factors. The comparison population did not share common working factors with the systems analysts in the regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The main health effects of systems analysts' work were expressed by machine anthropomorphism, being very demanding, mental acceleration, mental absorption, and difficulty in dealing with emotions.
Perceptions of occupational hazards amongst office workers at the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife.
BACKGROUND: A Survey of 350 office workers at the Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Ile-Ife was conducted to determine respondents' perceptions of the occurrence of work-related hazards and to characterize the pattern of hazards found prevalent in the population. METHODS: The survey employed a descriptive cross-sectional design. Data were generated through the use of a structured self-administered questionnaire and a non-participant observation checklist. RESULTS: Between 39% and 47% of the respondents expressed dissatisfaction with the level of control of the factors of the work environment (heat, noise, illumination, space, ergonomics). Two-thirds of respondents presented with work-related low backache, and this was more so for respondents who had spent at least 10 years on the job than those who had spent less. Of the 227 keyboard operators interviewed, 130 (57%) experienced symptoms suggestive of the overuse syndrome and 70% of the 82 computer operators interviewed had experienced varying degrees of visual fatigue since their appointments. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that the present design and layout of offices/workstations and access to equipment at the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife is not optimal and tend to promote unnecessary physical efforts. This, in turn, might reduce efficiency and productivity. Suggestions for improvement were made as a way forward.
[An age-functional approach to ametropia compensation].
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[The significance of prevention in decreasing visual fatigue in the learning activities of young schoolchildren].
The impact of school loads on visual function was studied in 65 pupils from different classes. Visual fatigue preventive measures were used in a study group; they were not employed in a control group. The children from the study group showed less visual fatigue determined by the light flash test than did those from the control group.
Occupational health problems in modern work environment.
UNLABELLED: Analysis of occupational health problems in Lithuania and their relation to factors of modern work environment is presented. The article analyses the health of transport workers, airlines pilots and stewards, video display terminal workers and its relation to work environment. OBJECTIVE: To investigate and evaluate influence of changing occupational environment to workers' health. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Complex evaluation including several enterprises with different work profile and conditions. Evaluation of work environment, assessment of psychophysiological and ophthalmological data of workers as well as morbidity studies were performed. RESULTS: Occupational environment of transport workers is related with high levels of noise, vibration, mercury, carbon monoxide, welding aerosols, and dust. Main diseases for transport workers are upper respiratory tract and lung diseases, accidents, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal disorders. Cases of temporal morbidity for pilots and stewards are upper respiratory tract and lung diseases, accidents, intoxications and nervous system diseases. The main effects of video display terminal on operators' health are vision fatigue and musculoskeletal disorders. Ophthalmologic symptoms and vision fatigue are related to changes in eyes and central nervous system fatigue, as well as syndrome of "dry eyes". CONCLUSIONS: Changeable work environment is affecting employees' health with specific changes, which depend upon work character, experience and worker's age.
Factors leading to the Computer Vision Syndrome: an issue at the contemporary workplace.
INTRODUCTION: Vision and eye related problems are common among computer users, and have been collectively called the Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS). METHODS: An observational study in order to identify the risk factors leading to the CVS was done. Twenty-eight participants answered a validated questionnaire, and had their workstations examined. The questionnaire evaluated personal, environmental, ergonomic factors, and physiologic response of computer users. The distance from the eye to the computers' monitor (A), the computers' monitor height (B), and visual axis height (C) were measured. The difference between B and C was calculated and labeled as D. Angles of gaze to the computer monitor were calculated using the formula: angle=tan(-1)(D/ A). Angles were divided into two groups: participants with angles of gaze ranging from 0 degrees to 13.9 degrees were included in Group 1; and participants gazing at angles larger than 14 degrees were included in Group 2. Statistical analysis of the evaluated variables was made. RESULTS: Computer users in both groups used more tear supplements (as part of the syndrome) than expected. This association was statistically significant (p<0.10). Participants in Group 1 reported more pain than participants in Group 2. Associations between the CVS and other personal or ergonomic variables were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that most important factor leading to the syndrome is the angle of gaze at the computer monitor. Pain in computer users is diminished when gazing downwards at angles of 14 degrees or more. The CVS remains an under estimated and poorly understood issue at the workplace. The general public, health professionals, the government, and private industries need to be educated about the CVS.
[Lighting condition analysis at work].
Following a wide review of the national and international technical standards which make up the principal reference points when designing illumination systems for work areas, the most commonly used methods of photometric analysis are examined from both a medical and technical point of view. It can be observed that photometric analysis of the work place, which currently is almost exclusively based on the measurements of illuminance, does not appear to adequately reach the targets set by Occupational Health and Occupational Hygiene, for reasons pertaining to the anatomy and physiopathology of the visual function. Moreover, the procedures applied to evaluate the workers' subjectivity and/or symptomatology, that both in research and during on-site investigations makes use predominantly of self-administered questionnaires, shows some shortcomings in terms of reliability and validity. In conclusion, it is proposed, especially in studies regarding office environments (i) to carry out photometric analysis where primary and secondary luminance is always measured and, if light-linked subjectivity is required (ii) to make available valid and precise questionnaires whose administration be followed by a multivariate data analysis.
[Investigation of color vision fatigue in car driver].
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[Ophthalmology].
The Headache Classification Subcommittee of the International Headache Society classifies headaches related to eyes as "Headache attributed to disorder of eyes" in the International Classification of Headache Disorders; 2nd Edition(ICHD-II). It consists of "Headache attributed to acute glaucoma", "Headache attributed to refractive errors", "Headache attributed to heterophoria or heterotropia(latent or manifest squint)", "Headache attributed to ocular inflammatory disorder". But other causes of headache related to eyes exist. For example, dry eye causes the headache. This article mentions to "Headache attributed to disorder of eyes" in ICHD-II, and additionally, describes other causes of headache associated with disease of eye.
[Analysis of the clinical effectiveness of vitrum vision in the tired eye syndrome and senile macular degeneration].
The paper evaluates the clinical effectiveness of Vitrum Vision ("Unifarm") that contains a complex of carotenoids, vitamins, and trace elements, which is adapted to ocular tissue metabolic features, in the tired eye syndrome and senile macular degeneration. The use of Vitrum Vision in patients with the tired eye syndrome improved the basic parameters of photosensitivity and increased the reserve of relative accommodation and in those with myopia enhanced uncorrectable visual acuity, ameliorated the magnitude of subjective visual and ocular symptoms, and increased the duration of a visual load until sensations of eye tiredness appeared. The administration of the drug in all clinical forms of senile macular degeneration increased visual acuity, improved the basic parameters of photosensitivity, enhanced the functional activity of neurons in the central portions of the retina (as shown by electrophysiological studies) while that in the subretinal neovascular membrane diminished retinal edema, improved the patients' general condition, far vision, and increased comfort on reading.
[Take high of the study of VDT related eye symptoms].
The characteristics of visual display terminal (VDT) and related eye symptoms were analyzed. Research of the effect of VDT on visual function, visual development and characteristics of ocular surface was presented. Currently research still stays in the initial stage. Intensive research of VDT related eye problem will provide effective prevention and treatment methods for clinic work.
[Influence of microclimate factors on ocular discomfort in video display terminal workers].
The objective of the present research was to evaluate the effect of environmental parameters (temperature, air velocity, relative humidity, illumination level, cubature) on ocular symptoms (tiredness, tearing, redness, blinking, itching, burning, photophobia, foreign body sensation, and heaviness) in a group of 54 male Video Display Terminal (VDT) workers. The subjects were employed in a public office placed in Messina and naturally ventilated; the investigation was performed in Spring time. Information about the ocular symptoms, occurring during the workshift, were gathered through a questionnaire; environmental measurements were performed by a data collector LSI. The results showed that 43 subjects out of 54 (79%) reported a lack of eye comfort; in addition the illumination level, temperature and air velocity were not consistent with those suggested by the Italian Regulatory Authority. A significant correlation between illumination level, temperature, air velocity and eye discomfort (tearing, heaviness, blinking, photophobia itching, respectively) was found. The Authors conclude that the inadequate environmental condition, possibility in interaction with the indoor chemical contaminants and the workload at VDT, may be responsible for the irritative eye symptoms complained by VDT-workers at workplace.