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PubMed2026

How the Social Context and Peer Helping Contribute to Better Alcohol Outcomes Among Sober Living House Residents: Mediation Analyses.

BACKGROUND: Sober Living Houses (SLHs) adopt a social model approach, which emphasizes peer helping. Although SLHs appear to be effective, little is known regarding why. This longitudinal study examined whether higher SLH social model adherence produces better resident outcomes by increasing resident helping. METHODS: Baselines were conducted with 205 residents entering 28 SLHs, with follow-ups through 6 months. Measures included 1-month perceived SLH social model adherence; 2-month help given to and received from SLH residents; and 6-month alcohol use and severity. Analyses were lagged, multivariate mediation models accounting for clustering within SLH. Separate models examined help given and received for each outcome, yielding four model tests. RESULTS: The hypothesized model was unsupported, with all four tests showing nonsignificant indirect effects. However, exploratory post-hoc tests showed significant indirect effects between higher 1-month resident helping and better 6-month alcohol outcomes via higher 1-month SLH social model adherence. Effects held across three of four model tests. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that residences adhering to social model principles do not achieve better outcomes by stimulating helping, but rather that more resident helping may foster a supportive SLH social environment, which itself drives better outcomes. Thus, residences might emphasize both resident helping and social model principles.

Sober living↗

PubMed2026

Efficacy of targeted neuromodulation treatments: a clinical report.

BACKGROUND: Peripheral neuropathy is a debilitating condition characterized by chronic pain, numbness, tingling, burning, and tightness/swelling. Conventional therapies often focus on symptom management, and some patients experience chronic and refractory symptoms. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This retrospective clinical analysis evaluated the clinical outcomes of neuromodulation neuropathy treatment using the NeuroGen-Series device in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) or idiopathic peripheral neuropathy (IPN). 9,805 unique patients who underwent 133,741 treatments between 18 August 2017, and 23 July 2024, were analyzed. Patients were divided into treatment completers (≥24 sessions) and noncompleters (<24 sessions). Paired t-tests confirmed statistically significant reductions in pre- and post-treatment symptom scores (p < 0.001). RESULTS: Among completers, symptom severity decreased by an average of 46.2%. Tingling and pain showed the greatest improvement, while tightness/swelling and numbness showed the least reduction. 64% of patients reported improvement after one session, and 84% reported improvement after 24 sessions. Nonresponders accounted for 5.8% of patients overall. Younger patients and those with higher initial symptom severity were more likely to discontinue treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, neuromodulation treatment resulted in statistically significant reductions in symptom severity, though nonresponders and high attrition rate highlight the need for individualized treatment strategies and further investigation.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Psychological consequences of AI-assisted training and the buffering role of mindfulness.

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into athletic training is accelerating, yet its psychological implications for athletes remain insufficiently understood. Drawing on the transactional model of stress and the stress-buffering framework of mindfulness, this study examined whether mindfulness training can mitigate adverse psychological responses associated with AI-assisted training. Using a randomized controlled factorial design, 160 collegiate athletes were assigned to AI-assisted training or standard training, with or without concurrent mindfulness intervention, and assessed at baseline, week 4, and week 8. Athletes exposed to AI-assisted training without psychological support exhibited increases in perceived stress and AI dependence over time. In contrast, these stress increases were substantially attenuated when mindfulness training was implemented alongside AI-assisted training. A significant AI × Mindfulness × Time interaction emerged for perceived stress at post-intervention, and difference-in-differences analyses corroborated a robust buffering effect. Mediation analyses further indicated that mindfulness training reduced stress partially through enhancing mindful awareness; a three-wave cross-lagged analysis showed that mindful awareness and stress were reciprocally related over time, with the hypothesized awareness-to-stress pathway remaining robust. Together, these findings suggest that AI-assisted training introduces a distinct form of evaluative pressure, and that mindfulness training may serve as an effective psychological buffer during the adoption of continuous algorithmic performance evaluation systems.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Real-time intraoperative perfusion assessment using indocianine green in pediatric extrinsic ureteropelvic junction obstruction with crossing vessel.

INTRODUCTION: In vascular hitch (VH) particular attention must be paid to preserving lower pole perfusion. Hypoperfusion is normally excluded by macroscopic visual assessment of parenchyma appearance. Our aim is to explore the possible role of indocyanine green (ICG) in highlighting focal hypoperfusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study included pediatric patients with UPJO caused by crossing vessels, treated with robot-assisted VH. Intraoperative evaluation assessed UPJ appearance, reduction of hydronephrosis after vessel mobilization, and the adequacy of pelvic drainage during diuretic testing. ICG was used to assess renal perfusion via NIRF imaging. A 25 mg ICG solution was prepared in 10 mL and administered in 1 mL doses. Fluorescence distribution, operative time, and complications were recorded. Follow-up at 3, 6, and 12 months included clinical evaluations, blood pressure measurements, and Doppler ultrasound. RESULTS: Eight patients (median age 8years) were enrolled between October 2023 and February 2025. ICG assessed renal perfusion post-procedure; one case of focal hypoperfusion due to vessel tension was resolved with intraoperative revision. At a median follow-up of 18 months, no hypertension, pain, or UTIs were observed. Ultrasound demonstrated improved hydronephrosis and normal Doppler flow. CONCLUSION: ICG angiography is a safe and effective tool for the real-time assessment of renal perfusion during pediatric VH procedures.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Development of the zebrafish foveal analogue: a quantitative atlas of high-acuity zone growth and retinal regionalisation.

The vertebrate retina contains specialised regions for high-acuity vision, exemplified by the human fovea and its zebrafish analogue, the high-acuity zone (HAZ). Despite the widespread use of zebrafish to model retinal disease, a stage-resolved quantitative reference describing normal eye, photoreceptor layer (PRL) and lens growth has been lacking. Here, we apply contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to construct the first three-dimensional micro-CT normative atlas of wild-type zebrafish eye development across five larval stages [3, 5, 7, 10 and 18 days post-fertilisation (dpf)], mapping circumferential PRL thickness, eye and lens morphology, and compartment growth rates. Regional PRL thickening within the temporo-ventral region of the expected HAZ emerged by 5 dpf and was sustained by a localised redistribution of growth, persisting and extending towards the optic nerve through 18 dpf. The PRL, lens and eye grew through four phases, alternating between disproportionate PRL expansion and coordinated growth, while the eye remodelled from a nasal-dominant to a temporo-ventral-dominant form. This regional specialisation was protracted relative to gross ocular growth and could proceed independently of it, paralleling the extended postnatal maturation of the human fovea. This atlas provides a quantitative baseline for distinguishing disease-induced changes from normal variation, supporting zebrafish models of foveal hypoplasia and related disorders.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Biallelic Variants in ATP1A4 Are Associated with Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia and Male Infertility.

Male infertility, often caused by structural and functional sperm defects, remains genetically unexplained in a substantial proportion of cases. ATP1A4 encodes a testis-specific isoform of the Na+, K+-ATPase, a membrane enzyme crucial for maintaining cellular ionic homeostasis. Previous studies on Atp1a4 knockout mice have demonstrated severe defects in sperm motility and flagellar architecture; however, the contribution of ATP1A4 variants to human male reproduction remains to be elucidated. In this study, we identified compound biallelic variants in ATP1A4, a missense variant (c.2578 T>A, p.Tyr860Asn) and a frameshift variant (c.2582del, p.Gly861Aspfs*5), in a patient presenting with severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Both variants markedly affected ATP1A4 protein expression. Morphological analyses revealed coiled and folded flagella, disrupted mitochondrial sheaths, and irregular head morphology in the patient's spermatozoa. Expression profiling revealed that ATP1A4 was highly enriched in post-meiotic spermatids and localized along the entire flagellum of mature sperm in both humans and mice, indicating a critical role in flagellar assembly and structural integrity. Notably, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in this patient resulted in low fertilization efficiency and failed implantation, suggesting a potential adverse impact of ATP1A4 deficiency on sperm functional competence beyond motility. These findings broaden the genetic spectrum of oligoasthenoteratozoospermia and highlight ATP1A4 as a potential gene associated with human male infertility.

Male↗

PubMed2026

Molecular mechanisms of neuroendocrine regulation of molting in the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis): A transcriptomic analysis based on eyestalk ablation model.

Molting disability severely restricts the sustainable aquaculture of the Chinese mitten crab, yet the neuroendocrine mechanisms coordinating physiological responses remain poorly understood. Using unilateral eyestalk ablation to remove the primary source of molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH), we performed time-resolved transcriptomic profiling of the thoracic ganglion at 24 h (early premolt) and 48 h (ecdysis) post-ablation. We identified 2825 differentially expressed genes and uncovered a biphasic molecular response. At 24 h, the thoracic ganglion activates pathways associated with neuromuscular adaptation, oxidative stress, and cardiac muscle contraction. Notably, the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway is selectively rewired: cytochrome P450 ω-hydroxylases (CYP2J2, CYP4V2) are upregulated, while competing branches (epoxide hydrolase, cyclooxygenase) are suppressed, promoting local synthesis of the potent vasoconstrictor 20-HETE within the thoracic ganglion. This enzymatic switch provides a mechanistic link between MIH withdrawal and the local generation of elevated hemolymph pressure required for molting. By 48 h, the transcriptional program shifts toward chitin-based extracellular matrix remodeling, glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, and synaptic reorganization. Collectively, our findings redefine the thoracic ganglion as an active neuroendocrine integrator that translates reduced MIH signaling into phased physiological outputs, revealing a "neuro-endocrine-hemolymph pressure" regulatory axis. This study provides novel molecular targets (e.g., CYP2J2, CHS1, UGCG) for mitigating molting disability in E. sinensis aquaculture.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Maternal age as a driver of genome instability: mechanisms linking aneuploidy, mutagenesis and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Advanced maternal age is a well-established risk factor for adverse reproductive outcomes due to increased rates of aneuploidy. However, emerging evidence indicates that the genetic consequences of maternal aging extend well beyond chromosome mis-segregation. Aging oocytes acquire a broad spectrum of genetic abnormalities, including maternally derived nuclear de novo mutations (DNMs) and mitochondrial DNA mutations, together with epigenetic dysregulation of DNA methylation and post-translational modification levels. These changes reflect the unique biology of the female germline in which oocytes remain arrested in meiotic prophase I for decades. Age-related deterioration of key processes, such as erosion of cohesion complexes, altered meiotic recombination, and weakened spindle assembly checkpoint surveillance collectively destabilize meiotic chromosome architecture, directly driving chromosome mis-segregation. At the same time, accumulation of endogenous DNA damage and declining DNA damage and repair processes increase the chances of transmitting lesions that can be converted into sequence-level mutations during the earliest embryonic divisions, when genome maintenance relies exclusively on maternal factors. High-resolution sequencing studies further demonstrate that maternal aging is associated with increased DNMs burden in both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Together, these findings support a model in which maternal aging is a driver of genome-wide instability that links aneuploidy and mutagenesis through shared defects in meiotic surveillance, declining DNA repair efficiency, and mitochondrial function. This framework positions delayed childbearing as a multifaceted genetic risk factor that extend beyond aneuploidy to include mutations and other genomic alterations that can impact intergenerational genetic risk.

Aneuploidy↗

PubMed2026

Correlative analysis of endogenous miRNA expression profiles underlying brown planthopper adaptation to resistant rice.

The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål, BPH) is a major insect pest threatening global rice production. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the adaptation of BPH populations with different virulence levels to resistant rice cultivars remain poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as key post-transcriptional regulators, play critical roles in host adaptation in herbivorous insects. In this study, we analyzed the miRNA expression profiles of a high-virulent population (IR56p) and a low-virulence population (TN1p) after feeding on susceptible (TN1) and resistant (IR56) rice cultivars. Our findings reveal distinct miRNA-mediated regulatory strategies employed by the two populations. The IR56p population showed downregulation of miRNAs including miR-10, miR-124, and miR-316, showing an inverse correlation with increased expression of predicted target genes involved in detoxification (carboxylesterase, UDP-glycosyltransferase) and effector function (calmodulin). In contrast, several miRNAs highly expressed in IR56p, including miR-307, miR-317, and miR-275, were predicted to target rice genes associated with hormone signaling, cell wall biosynthesis, and oxidative homeostasis, suggesting a possible but unproven inter-species regulatory role that requires functional validation. Collectively, these descriptive and correlative findings provide hypothesis generating insights into insect-plant coevolution and identifies candidate molecular targets for future functional validation and RNA interference-based pest management strategies.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

3D epigenomic remodelling mediated by Foxa1 drives gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer.

Gemcitabine remains a cornerstone treatment for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), yet the emergence of resistance constitutes a major clinical challenge with poorly understood epigenomic mechanisms. Here, we identified the pioneer transcription factor Foxa1 as a master regulator of gemcitabine resistance through multi-omics analysis. Mechanistically, Foxa1 drives widespread super-enhancer (SE) reprogramming and 3D genome remodelling in resistant cells, which coordinately activates the expression of key resistance genes, notably Rrm1 and Cdadc1. This is accompanied by increased chromatin accessibility, elevated H3K27ac enrichment at SEs, and enhanced Foxa1 binding at regulatory elements. Moreover, post-translational stabilization of Foxa1 via USP7-mediated deubiquitination sustains this epigenomic program. Genetic ablation of Foxa1 or specific SE regions near Rrm1 resensitizes resistant cells to gemcitabine. Building upon this mechanism, we demonstrate that bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) inhibitors, which disrupt SE function, potently reverse resistance. Notably, the clinical-stage BET inhibitor AZD5153, in combination with gemcitabine, achieves robust tumor suppression and overcomes resistance in cell-derived xenograft (CDX) models by dismantling the Foxa1-mediated resistant transcriptome and reinvigorating drug sensitivity. Our findings establish Foxa1-orchestrated enhancer reprogramming as a fundamental mechanism of gemcitabine resistance and unveil a promising epigenetic therapy to restore treatment efficacy in PDAC.

Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-alpha↗

PubMed2026

Sutimlimab for cold agglutinin disease: an updated perspective from approval to real-world clinical treatment.

INTRODUCTION: Sutimlimab, a classical complement pathway (CP) inhibitor, was approved in 2022 in the US, EU, and Japan for the treatment of cold agglutinin disease (CAD), a rare form of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) characterized by CP‑mediated extravascular hemolysis and circulatory symptoms related to IgM‑mediated red blood cell (RBC) agglutination. This review reexamines the clinical trial data and compares those findings with published real‑world experience (RWE), providing clinicians with efficacy and safety data that extend beyond the clinical trial experience in this rare AIHA. AREAS COVERED: The first-in-human trials, the two seminal clinical trials (CARDINAL and CADENZA), and the published post‑marketing RWE are presented. Literature searches for CAD and sutimlimab were conducted in PubMed and in abstracts from ASH and EHA from 2016 to present. All articles and abstracts regarding sutimlimab and CAD were included. EXPERT OPINION: Long-term data from clinical trials and published RWE support the safety and efficacy of sutimlimab. Targeting the CP as primary therapy for CAD offers a unique, targeted management strategy that minimizes exposure to immunosuppressive regimens. The rapid onset of sutimlimab's activity provides a potentially lifesaving treatment option in situations where immediate control of hemolysis is critical. Opportunities remain to increase our understanding of the role of complement inhibition combined with immunosuppressive therapy in CAD. The impact of complement inhibition on morbidity and mortality in CAD remains to be determined.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Long-term efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) on depressive symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Depressive symptoms are common in individuals with persistent insomnia. Previous meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) showed that cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) can reduce depressive symptoms at post-treatment. However, the long-term maintenance of these improvements has never been systematically examined. To fill-in this gap, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the long-term (≥3 months) effects of CBT-I on depressive symptoms. The review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251146061). Only RCTs in adults with insomnia were considered. Pubmed, Scopus, Psycinfo, CINAHL, and Medline were searched up to 12 September 2025 with no predefined time constraints. From 5359 records initially retrieved, we included 53 articles reporting on 13,608 individuals. After outliers removal, random effects meta-analysis showed that CBT-I was superior to control conditions in reducing depressive symptoms at 3 [k = 29, d = -.35, [95% CI: -.49 to -.21], p < .001], 6 [k = 29, d = -.32, [95% CI: -.59 to -.05], p = .018], and 12 [k = 10, d = -.25, [95% CI: -.39 to -.12], p < .001] months follow-ups. Results demonstrate that the effects of CBT-I on depressive symptoms are sustained throughout the year following treatment, although effects may decline over time.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Pre-treatment polyfunctionality percentage (PFA) of CD8+ T cells is associated with development of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

INTRODUCTION: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved cancer survival, but immune-related adverse events (irAEs) occur frequently and can have devastating consequences. There are no validated methods to evaluate risk of irAEs prior to initiation of ICIs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a pilot study evaluating the ability of blood-based, single-cell secretomic analysis to characterize irAEs. A total of 10 patients with thoracic malignancies who were scheduled to receive ICIs were enrolled. Each patient had a pre-ICI blood sample drawn as well as a sample at the time of irAE development or 12 weeks after ICI initiation, whichever came first. Utilizing IsoPlexis's IsoLight system, polyfunctionality percentages (PFAs) and strength indices (PSIs) were analyzed for CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. RESULTS: Five patients developed irAEs and 5 patients did not develop irAEs. Pre- and post-ICI CD8+ T cell PFA was significantly elevated in patients who developed irAEs compared with those who did not (p = 0.017 and p = 0.014, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study, pre-ICI CD8+ T cell PFA was associated with development of irAEs. While this is a pilot study, this is a first step toward developing a blood-based, streamlined assay to assess risk of irAEs prior to initiation of ICIs. Validation in larger cohorts is warranted.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Effects of Vacuum Compression Therapy on Healing of Chronic Lower Limb Ulcers: A Randomised Controlled Study.

Chronic lower limb ulcers remain difficult to manage when unresponsive to conventional treatment. This study evaluated the clinical and physiological effects of vacuum compression therapy on wound healing and quality of life. Fifty patients with chronic lower limb ulcers were randomised to receive 12 sessions of vacuum compression therapy plus standard care or standard care alone over 4 weeks. Wound dimensions, exudate, pain intensity and quality of life were assessed at baseline and post-treatment. Estimated wound volume was calculated as length × width × depth. Tissue oxygenation was measured at the dorsum of the foot in the experimental group. The vacuum compression therapy group showed greater improvements in wound width, depth, volume and quality of life. Estimated wound volume decreased by 61% in the intervention group, whereas no statistically significant volume reduction was observed in controls. Local tissue oxygenation in the experimental group increased by 43%. Baseline wound size was associated with poorer quality of life. Vacuum compression therapy may enhance wound healing and quality of life in patients with chronic lower limb ulcers. Observed increases in local tissue oxygenation represent exploratory physiological findings within the treated cohort that warrant controlled comparative evaluation. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT07737184.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Transcriptomic analysis provides molecular insights into the innate immune defense of Mactra veneriformis against Vibrio alginolyticus infection.

Mactra veneriformis is an economically important bivalve mollusc in China, but its aquaculture is frequently threatened by Vibrio infections, particularly Vibrio alginolyticus. To investigate the molecular immune response of M. veneriformis to V. alginolyticus, we performed RNA-seq analysis of hepatopancreatic tissues collected at 48 h post-infection, the peak mortality time point, with PBS-injected individuals used as controls. Infection with V. alginolyticus caused severe histopathological damage in the hepatopancreas and resulted in a cumulative mortality of 53.3% over 14 d, compared with 3.3% in the control group. Transcriptomic analysis identified 2623 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 1585 significantly up-regulated genes and 1038 down-regulated genes. KEGG enrichment analysis demonstrated that DEGs were significantly enriched in immune related and metabolism pathways, including the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) signaling pathway, and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) signaling pathway. Collectively, these findings revealed candidate immune related genes (tlr3, tlr5, myd88, nfkb1, il-17d, and ifi44l), a putative TLR-MyD88-NF-κB signaling axis, and KEGG signaling pathways, including JAK-STAT, RLR and CYP450, that may be involved in the innate immune response of M. veneriformis to V. alginolyticus infection. These results provide a transcriptomic basis for understanding host-pathogen interactions in this species and highlight candidate genes and pathways for future functional validation and potential application in disease-resistance breeding.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Analysis of the Relationship between Early Clinical Factors and Glasgow Outcome Scale in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the association between early clinical factors and the Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 98 TBI patients who underwent emergency surgery between January 2021 and January 2024. Based on GOS scores at 6 months post-surgery, patients were classified into a favorable outcome group (GOS ≥ 4, defined as moderate disability or good recovery, n = 58) and an unfavorable outcome group (GOS < 4, i.e., death, persistent vegetative state, or severe disability, n = 40). Baseline and early clinical parameters were compared between groups. Statistically significant variables from univariate analysis were entered into a multivariate logistic regression model to identify independent prognostic factors. RESULTS: Significant intergroup differences were observed in age, time from injury to surgery, bleeding site, midline shift, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score at admission, blood glucose level, and D-dimer level (all p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis confirmed that age, time from injury to surgery, GCS score, blood glucose, and D-dimer level were independent predictors of GOS (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Early clinical factors, including age, time to surgery, GCS score, blood glucose, and D-dimer level, independently influence GOS in TBI patients. Time from injury to surgery emerged as a potentially modifiable factor in this cohort, suggesting that minimizing delays may improve outcomes.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Integrative analysis of transcriptome and DNA methylome dynamics during caudal fin regeneration in silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus).

Caudal fin regeneration in teleost fish is a complex, multi-stage process involving coordinated molecular and cellular changes. While the role of epigenetic regulation particularly DNA methylation has been studied in model freshwater species such as zebrafish, its contribution to regeneration in marine teleosts remains largely unexplored. In this study, we integrated transcriptomic and DNA methylomic data to characterize the temporal dynamics of gene expression and methylation during caudal fin regeneration in the silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus). Using RNA-sequencing and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) at three biologically critical time points 1, 3, and 7 days post-amputation (dpa), we characterized the spatiotemporal molecular landscape of caudal fin regeneration. These time points capture the key transitional phases of wound healing and inflammation (1 dpa), blastema formation and progenitor proliferation (3 dpa), and regenerative outgrowth with tissue remodeling (7 dpa), enabling robust detection of the major molecular programs underlying epimorphic regeneration. Concurrently, CG-methylome analysis identified thousands of dynamically changing differentially methylated regions (DMRs). A strong global inverse correlation was observed between promoter methylation and gene expression. Integrative analysis pinpointed key regeneration genes (fgf20a, msxb, sox9b) whose expression was associated with dynamic methylation changes in their promoters or gene bodies. We conclude that DNA methylation is a dynamic and key regulatory layer that acts in concert with transcriptional reprogramming to coordinate tissue regeneration, providing new insights into the epigenetic mechanisms underlying complex regenerative processes in teleosts.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Disentangling oscillatory and aperiodic neural activity in autism: A spectral parameterization analysis of neurofeedback intervention.

BACKGROUND: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by atypical neural oscillations and heterogeneous alterations in excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance, the directionality of which varies across individuals, neural circuits, and developmental stages. While Alpha-band neurofeedback (NFB) is a promising intervention, its underlying neurophysiological mechanisms remain unclear, partly due to the conflation of periodic and aperiodic signals in traditional EEG analysis. METHODS: This randomized controlled trial recruited 40 children with ASD, assigned to either an experimental group (Alpha-training NFB) or a no-feedback group. Resting-state EEG and behavioral assessments (SRS, ABC) were collected pre- and post-intervention. We employed spectral parameterization to decompose neural activity into aperiodic (1/f slope, offset) and periodic (periodic alpha power, center frequency) components. RESULTS: NFB training yielded significant behavioral improvements in social cognition and relating skills. Physiologically, the experimental group exhibited a significant steepening of the aperiodic slope (increased exponent), reflecting a reduction in neural noise and potential optimization of inhibitory modulation. Furthermore, we observed enhanced periodic alpha power and an acceleration of the alpha center frequency (ACF), indicative of improved neural efficiency and maturation. These physiological shifts in frontal and occipital regions were significantly correlated with improvements in behavioral scores. CONCLUSION: Alpha-training NFB was associated with improvements in caregiver-rated behavioral scores and modulated spectral features of resting-state EEG in children with ASD. These findings validate the utility of spectral parameterization markers in evaluating neuromodulatory interventions.

Humans↗