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PubMedDate not supplied

Light scattering determination of various characteristic paramenters of spermatozoa motility in a serie of human sperm.

In this paper are presented the results obtained by the light scattering method of systematic study of different parameters characterizing spermatozoa motility in a series of human sperms, one hour and five hours after ejaculation. These results are relative to the concentration of spermatozoa, the percentage and the number of motile spermatozoa, the characteristic velocity and the velocity distributions. All these parameters are discussed one by one, the advantages (objectivity, small quantity of not diluted sperm, short time needed for measurements) and the limits of the light scattering method being pointed out. A comparison is made with results obtained by conventional methods. The fineness of this study shows that this method can be used with success in fundamental research as well as in a routine functional sperm study, allowing an objective and precise analysis of motility in a given population as a complex factor.

Cell Count↗
PubMed1977

Immunodetection of a human chorionic gonadotropin-like substance in human sperm.

The presence of a human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-like substance in human spermatozoa is reported. A highly sensitive immunocytochemical procedure was utilized (double-antibody immunofluorescence technique). Rabbit anti-hCG or rabbit anti-hCG beta-subunit was used as the first antibody. A positive fluorescence reaction was found in all human specimens analyzed and in positive controls (choriocarcinoma cells). No fluorescence was detected in other species studied (sheep, pig, goat, horse, bull, and guinea pig), nor in the negative controls. These findings open a new research area on the physiologic role of this hCG-like substance in human reproduction.

Antigen-Antibody Reactions↗
PubMed2025

Short-term diet intervention comprising of olive oil, vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acids alters the small non-coding RNA (sncRNA) landscape of human sperm.

Offspring health outcomes are often linked with epigenetic alterations triggered by maternal nutrition and intrauterine environment. Strong experimental data also link paternal preconception nutrition with pathophysiology in the offspring, but the mechanism(s) routing effects of paternal exposures remain elusive. Animal experimental models have highlighted small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) as potential regulators of paternal effects. Here, we characterised the baseline sncRNA landscape of human sperm and the effect of a 6-week dietary intervention on their expression profile. This study involves sncRNAseq profiling, that was performed on a subset (n = 17) of the participants enrolled in the PREPARE trial: 9 from the control group and 8 from the intervention group. 5'tRFs, miRNAs and piRNAs were the most abundant sncRNA subtypes identified; their expression was associated with age, BMI, and sperm quality. Nutritional intervention with olive oil, vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids altered expression of 3 tRFs, 15 miRNAs and 112 piRNAs, targeting genes involved in fatty acid metabolism and transposable elements in the sperm genome. PREPARE Trial registration number: ISRCTN50956936, Trial registration date: 10/02/2014.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

[Round cells of human sperm].

Many round cells are found whose number may become conspicuous. These cells may originate as well from germinal as from somatic lines. Electron microscopy is the only way to distinguish the two kinds of origin. In some specimens germinal cells predominate (spermattids, plurinuclear cells), in others there are many phagocytic cells which may ingest a great number of spermatozoa and this phenomeon may stimulate an azoospermy by failure of spermatogenesis. The study of human sperm (or testicular biopsies) by electron microscopy is needed to obtain the necessary information in order to orient diagnosis, prognosis and therapy.

Cell Nucleus↗
PubMed1977

Stabilization of adenylate energy charge and its relation to human sperm motility.

The adenylate energy charge of human ejaculated spermatozoa was studied when the sperm motility was perturbed by varying pH, prolonged incubation, and caffeine. Between pH 8 and 9, which was optimal for the sperm motility, the energy charge was in the physiological range of 0.8 to 0.9. Above pH 9, the mobility, ATP content, and adenine nucleotide pool declined rapidly but the energy charge was maintained slightly below 0.8. Below pH 8, the motility also dropped drastically, but the ATP, nucleotide pool, and energy charge fell only slightly. Prolonged incubations of the spermatozoa decreased the motility, ATP, and nucleotide pool. However, the energy charge would remain above 0.6. Caffeine stimulation of the motility caused a rapid fall of ATP and the reduction of the physiological energy charge by 0.2 unit, unless glucose was added. Imidazole which reduced the caffeine-stimulated motility did not alter the physiological energy charge of the spermatozoa. The study showed that the spermatozoa could maintain the energy charge above 0.6 under stress.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1977

F-bodies as Y chromosome markers in mature human sperm heads: a quantitative approach.

It is generally accepted that at least some Y chromosomes in human mature sperm heads are represented in preparations by fluorescent F-bodies. From data consisting solely of F-body scorings and the visually estimated size of sperm heads from normal donors, a quantitative model is developed which permits simultaneous estimation of six parameters representing biological factors (the proportions of ploidy classes and of their sex-chromosome complements) and biassing factors (not all Y chromosomes represented by F-bodies, not all F-bodies representing Y chromosomes, and error in scoring ploidy from visual size). The analysis is statistically adequate and succeeds in predicting a variety of independently validated phenomena. The work may be regarded as a contribution to the integration of qualitative and quantitative evidence in the study of F-bodies. In all, 21,700 one-headed spermatozoa from 12 donors were scored. A mean of 54% spermatozoa lacking F-bodies was subject to a standard deviation between donors of 4.8, over and above binomial error. Analysis yielded the following estimates: 83.3% of diploid spermatozoa are XY, the remainder XX and YY in assumed equal number (this information assists analysis of the origin of embryonic triploidy); 2.4% of spermatozoa are diploid (this estimate does not compete in accuracy with direct estimates from DNA absorbance); only 83% of Y chromosomes are represented by F-bodies; 7% of haploid heads and 14% of diploids contain one or more "adventitious bodies" indistinguishable from true F-bodies. The visually scored head sizes "Small" and "Medium" correspond approximately with haploidy and diploidy; nearly all haploids are scored as Small, and 72% of the Medium are diploid. F-bodies are not thought at present to give a useful basis for estimating the presumably low incidence of sex-chromosome aneuploidy and nondisjunction. No such estimate has been attempted. The problem is overshadowed by not fully understood complicating factors of greater magnitude, which now appear to be a major subject of enquiry. Some implications and possible future developments are discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

In vitro stimulation of human sperm motility by acetylcarnitine.

An increase in motility of ejaculated human spermatozoa was observed after the addition of acetylcaritine or carnitine. Similar results were also obtained in the diluted semen with 25--30% initial motilities. However, indirect evidence suggests that carnitine is converted to acetylcarnitine prior to its stimulatory action. In addition, this stimulation was shown to be the result of no increase in ionic strength nor any change in the levels of ATP.

Acetylcarnitine↗
PubMed1977

[Cold preservation of human sperm].

The authors report the development and investigation of a new technique for freezing and storage of human spermatozoa. Utilizing isolated container of different kind the average rate of freezing was between 1,3 grd/min and 14 grd/min in the sphere from 5 degrees C to--10 degrees C and between 2,9 grd/min to 55 grd/min in the sphere from--10 degrees C to--60 degrees C. The technical expense was low. Semen specime were provided by 33 andrological patients. A total of 53 samples of human semen were frozen and stored for periods of time up to 25 days. The authors used the cryoprotective medium from Behrman and Sawada. The best results were obtained in the mode of freezing at 2,8 grd/min respectively 12 grd/min in ejaculates of original motility about 80%. The recovery of motility and fertilizability of spermatozoa was 50% of original motility, in cases of oligospermia only 34%. The results of this new technique of freezing and storage of human spermatozoa are similar to other new reports in literature.

Freezing↗
PubMed1976

Human sperm antigens and antisperm antibodies. II. Age-related incidence of antisperm antibodies.

Naturally occurring human antisperm antibodies (ASA) detectable by immunofluorescence, were found to have a peak indicence of 90% in both sexes before puberty. Thereafter, the incidence declined to about 60% and persisted through life. This age-related incidence resembled that for foreign and not self antigens. The natural incidence of the six antibodies under investigation varied: the most frequent were antibodies to acrosomal antigen Acl and equatorial antigen; the least frequent were antibodies to acrosomal antigen Ac2 and sperm nuclear protamine; and between these were antibodies to the mainpiece of tail and post-acrosomal region. Irrespective of their natural incidence, these antibodies increased at a comparable rate in men following vasectomy indicating these six sperm antigens have comparable immunogenicity. These results provide evidence for the lack of immunologic tolerance in man toward many sperm antigens. The variation in the natural incidence of individual ASA is explanable by differences in prevalence of crossreaction between each sperm antigen with exogenous antigens. Thus, antibodies to acrosomal antigen Acl and equatorial antigen, which occurred most frequently, appeared to crossreact with ubiquitous microorganisms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Elimination of errors induced during a routine human sperm motility analysis.

Influence of some variables on the accuracy of sperm motility evaluation was studied by analyzing normal seminal specimens with the aid of themultiple exposure photography (MEP) method. Results of this study demonstrated the existence of variations in sperm motility between view areas of the same sample or between different samples of the same specimen. Variations were found even when the same view area was analyzed intermittently during a short period of time. Motility was practically unaffected when a regular sized drop was kept within the preparation for about 20 min. The light from the microscope neither stimulated nor depressed sperm motility when they were illuminated continuously for that period of time. Percent of motility and sperm velocity was directly related to the thickness of the examined drop when the latter ranged between zero and ten micrometers. According to these findings it is suggested that several view areas from various drops of the same specimen should be analyzed with each view area being inspected several times before motility of that field is assessed. Motility should be evaluated from drops of standard and constant thickness; otherwise major errors in sperm motility assessment are to be expected.

Diagnostic Errors↗