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Ten years after the key Earth Summit in Rio, a key group of influential politicians in Britain are flagging up the need to support research into taxonomy as a basis for biodiversity studies ahead of this summer's meeting in South Africa. Nigel Williams reports.
It's clear that one thing that would boost scientific input to the issue of biodiversity would be evidence that researchers can model effectively the large-scale behaviour of ecosystems. A new issue of a prestigious journal aims to explore just that. Nigel Williams reports.
The mechanisms by which some animals are able to achieve astonishing feats of migration have often eluded researchers because of the difficulty of designing suitable experiments. Two Canadian researchers believe they now have a set-up to throw light on the flight of the monarch butterfly. Nigel Williams reports.
Expansion of the EU now looks set to take place but the major efforts to develop common policies continue to be stymied by national differences, no more so than in on the issue of genetically modified (GM) crops, as Nigel Williams reports. But other moves are aiming to draw together Europeans in an effort to exploit closer collaboration as Michael Gross reports below.
The British government said it would consult the public on its decision whether or not to block the introduction of genetically modified crops following analysis of a series of field trials which will be completed this month. But their efforts have drawn scorn from the media and opponents as Nigel Williams reports.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
With growing concern that women are still failing to progress in scientific careers, many countries are trying to address the problem. The British government has just received a hard-hitting report with recommendations for swift action to tackle the problems. Nigel Williams reports.
In 1907, Gradenigo described the syndrome of constant otorrhea, headache, and diplopia which he attributed to inflammation of the petrous apex. In 1908, Baldenweck described the pathology of petrositis. Renewed interest in this syndrome occurred 20 years later through the papers of Eagleton, Kopetsky and Almour, Frenckner, and Ramadier. Various surgical approaches were described during the 1930's by Eagleton, Frenckner, Ramadier, and on this continent by Lempert. In 1932, Lillie and Williams reported two cases of petrositis from the Mayo Clinic. Stacey Guild in 1935 and John Lindsay in 1938 reported on the pathology of petrositis in post mortem cases. After the advance of chemotherapy, Thornell and Williams in 1946, emphasized the need for adequate surgical drainage. In 1958 DeWeese reported three cases of petrositis with the admonition "Lest we forget that this condition still occurs". The purpose of this paper is to present a case of petrositis and to stress the importance of modern radiological techniques in its diagnosis and management.
Britain has given the green light for research on stem cells derived from human embryos. Nigel Williams reports on the discussion ahead of this controversial decision.
Williams' syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic condition of autosomal dominant inheritance with varying penetrance, which consists of supravalvular aortic stenosis, a characteristic dysmorphic facies named "elf face", mental retardation and other clinical manifestations including transient infantile idiopathic hypercalcemia, growth retardation, and frequent dental problems. It usually presents sporadically, and there are only a few cases of family involvement reported in the literature. Recent studies show that mutations in the elastin gene at chromosome 7q11.23, which occur approximately in 90% of cases, could be the cause of the different clinical manifestations in this syndrome. In this paper we report a case of family involvement with five family members involved with WS (three siblings, the mother, and the siblings' maternal uncle) and all had cardiac structural disorders (supravalvular aortic stenosis being the most frequent), a characteristic face and a low intellectual coefficient. The complementary tests included blood chemistry, chest X-ray, and echocardiogram, which led to the diagnosis of the associated valve pathology. Three patients required therapeutic catheterism with Stent valve implant and valve prosthetic replacement to control cardiac manifestations.
A recent meeting highlighted how much Darwinian thinking on natural selection illuminates the background to some major current human diseases and may offer insight into many more. Nigel Williams reports on a field seeking a place in mainstream medical education.
The power of genetic analyses to study relationships between human populations is growing rapidly but there are some worries about the use of historically collected human material. Nigel Williams reports on a new study showing the value of such approaches.
With developments in genetics, researchers are increasingly able to address historical issues surrounding human migration and provenance by studying present populations. Nigel Williams reports on one of the latest studies looking at a crucial period of British history.
Orchids show an astonishing floral diversity yet an ability to hybridize in the hands of breeders. Nigel Williams reports on a new study that shows how neighbours appear to avoid the hybrid trap in the wild.
Reports of adults with Williams syndrome (WS) have been rare. We have evaluated 13 adult WS patients and reviewed 16 case reports of WS in patients older than age 16 years. Adults in our study had progressive multisystem medical problems. Cardiovascular complications were common (12/13) including hypertension (8), supravalvular aortic stenosis (9), aortic hypoplasia (3), pulmonic artery stenosis (4), peripheral stenoses (3), and mitral valve prolapse (2). Joint limitation (12/13) was progressive, often accompanied by kyphoscoliosis and lordosis. Recurrent urinary tract infections in 6 individuals led to radiologic studies showing urethral stenosis in 2, and bladder diverticula and vesicoureteral reflux in 3. Gastrointestinal problems included obesity (5), chronic constipation (7), diverticulosis (3), and cholelithiasis (4). Hypercalcemia was documented in 5 patients, although others had hypercalcemic symptoms (abdominal pain, polyuria, and constipation). One 45-year-old man had parathyroid hyperplasia. Previous reports likewise document significant morbidity. Thus, Williams syndrome in an adult appears to dictate aggressive evaluation and monitoring. Investigation of calcium metabolism should be undertaken in each adult WS patient.