[Psychiatrists' obligation to report weapons according to the weapon legislation--why include more specialists?].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Firearms↗
SEARCH · Search PubMed
Results for “Weapons”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
[SSAMK (Nurses and Assistants against Nuclear Weapons) continues the fight against nuclear weapons, for peace. Interview by Jan Thomasson].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Humans↗
[Medical and technical aspects of the weapon effect. II. Far East weapons].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Bone and Bones↗
Types of weapons and patterns of use in a forensic hospital.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe types of weapons and weapon use patterns among inpatients at a state forensic hospital to assist staff in evaluating the weapon-screening program. METHODS: Data for a five-year period were drawn from special incident reports, hospital police crime reports, and supervisory logs to document weapon use in a 973-bed, all-male maximum security forensic hospital. Weapons were categorized as weapons of opportunity (objects available at the site of the attack) and manufactured or contraband weapons. Repeat use of weapons by a patient was documented. RESULTS: Weapon use was relatively rare. During the five-year period less than 3 percent of inpatients used weapons, and less than 3 percent of violent incidents involved weapon use. Available objects were used in most attacks. Only 17 patients were responsible for a fourth of all weapons assaults, and these patients repeatedly used the same types of available objects, particularly furniture. Staff and patients were targeted equally in the weapon assaults. CONCLUSIONS: Weapon-screening programs may prevent weapon carrying but not weapon use. Detailed histories of weapon use should be part of each patient's assessment and should be made known to staff.
Accidents, Occupational↗
The association of weapon carrying and fighting on school property and other health risk and problem behaviors among high school students.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between weapon carrying on school property and engaging in health risk and problem behaviors such as fighting and substance use on school property, fear of attending school, and victimization at school. DESIGN: A complex 2-stage probability survey (Massachusetts Youth Risk Behavior Survey). SETTING: High schools in Massachusetts. PARTICIPANTS: Three thousand fifty-four high school students. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Number of days a weapon was carried on school property during the 30 days prior to the survey. RESULTS: The prevalence of self-reported weapon carrying on school property was 15% among male students and 5% among female students (P < .001). Weapon carrying on school property was significantly (P < .001) associated with frequency of physical fights on school property (r = 0.26), being a victim of threat or injury with a weapon on school property (r = 0.27), being a victim of stolen or damaged goods on school property (r = 0.14), not attending school owing to fear (r = 0.15), and substance use while at school, including smoking cigarettes (r = 0.20), using chewing tobacco (r = 0.18), smoking marijuana (r = 0.24), and using alcohol (r = 0.29). The association between weapon carrying and alcohol use in school was higher among students who were afraid to come to school (r = 0.49) than among students who were not afraid (r = 0.28). Students who had engaged in same-sex sexual activity (P < .001) or had been offered, given, or sold illicit drugs at school (P < .001) were more likely to carry a weapon at school. Multiple regression analysis showed that male sex and the frequencies of physical fighting, being a victim of a threat or injury, drinking alcohol, smoking cigarettes, and being offered or sold an illicit drug while on school property accounted for 21% of the variance in weapon carrying in school. When weapon carrying was dichotomized and analyzed with logistic regression, a model containing age, male sex, lower academic achievement, days not attending school owing to fear, times threatened or injured with a weapon at school, frequency of fighting at school, cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and being offered or sold illicit drugs on school property correctly classified 91.83% of the students who did or did not carry weapons. CONCLUSIONS: Weapon carrying at school was more strongly associated more with use of violence and the use of substances at school than with previous victimization and fear of attending school. However, there is a subgroup of students that seems to have been victimized at school, is afraid to come to school, is using alcohol at school, and is carrying weapons at school.
Adolescent↗
The association between weapon carrying and the use of violence among adolescents living in and around public housing.
PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that adolescents who carry lethal weapons are more likely to engage in violent behavior than adolescents who do not carry weapons. DESIGN: Cross-sectional Survey. SUBJECTS: Black adolescents (N = 225) from a lower socioeconomic (SES) background living in or around nine Housing and Urban Development housing projects. MEASUREMENTS: An anonymous questionnaire containing scales from the CDC Youth Risk Behavior Survey and Self-Reported Delinquency Questionnaire was administered. Data were analyzed with Spearman rho correlation coefficients (r), followed by partial correlation coefficients controlling for age and gender. RESULTS: Thirty-five percent of males and 16% of females reported carrying a weapon during the previous 30 days. Frequency of weapon-carrying was correlated (r = .33, p < or = 0.0001). with the frequency of physical fights in the last month, but the relationship was stronger among males than females. Weapon-carrying was also associated (r = .20, p < or = 0.003) with frequency of receiving a serious injury during a fight and the frequency of attacking someone with a weapon with the idea of seriously hurting or killing them (r = .48, p < or = 0.0001). Although males were more likely to carry a hidden weapon than females, the frequency of weapon-carrying was more highly correlated with the frequency of carrying a hidden weapon by females (r = .63, p < or = 0.0001) than males (r = .49, p < or = 0.0001). Females who carried weapons were more likely than males to be involved in gang fights. Among males (r = .27, p < or = 0.008), frequency of weapon-carrying was correlated with frequency of attacking someone with whom they lived. This was not so among females (r = .02). CONCLUSION: These data support the hypothesis that the lower SES black adolescents in this sample who carried weapons were more likely to engage in violent behaviors than those who did not carry weapons.
Adolescent↗
Emergency medical services providers and weapons in the prehospital setting.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate emergency medical services (EMS) providers' experience with weapons encountered while working, and evaluate the training they have received regarding searching for and confiscating weapons in the field. METHODS: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional survey anonymously completed by a convenience sample of EMS providers in the metropolitan Boston and Los Angeles (LA) areas. RESULTS: Of 2,672 surveys distributed, 2,224 (83%) were returned. Forty-two percent of the respondents (39% of Boston and 46% of LA) reported searching patients for weapons, and 62% (51% of Boston and 76% of LA) reported finding weapons. The LA respondents were more likely than the Boston respondents to have found a firearm. Twenty-seven percent of the respondents reported they had found more than five weapons in their careers. One thousand seven hundred seventy-two (80%) providers replied that they would report discovered weapons, most frequently to law enforcement personnel. Providers with higher EMS education and ones who received weapons-related training were more likely to search for, find, and report weapons. Four hundred fifty-one (20%) respondents reported receiving formal weapons-related training, 291 (13%) considered their initial EMS training on weapons-related topics to be adequate, and 292 (13%) considered their continuing education in these areas adequate. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that weapons encountered in the field are a widespread problem for EMS providers. Although many EMS providers search for and find weapons on their patients, most of them feel they have been inadequately trained in this area. Prospective studies are needed to document the actual incidence of weapon encounters in the prehospital setting. Multidisciplinary discussions are needed to address the above issues.
Adult↗
Girls and weapons: an international study of the perpetration of violence.
The purpose of this study was to describe delinquent girls' weapons preferences where and how often they carried weapons and to identify the most important factors that explained four different weapon-related violent outcomes. A large, high-risk sample of female adolescents consisting of 510 girls aged 14-17 in four cities were interviewed using the same questionnaire and methods. Tabular and logistic regression analyses were applied. Knives emerged as the most frequently reported weapon in all cities. Rates of both lifetime victimization and perpetration of violence with weapons were high in all sites. Starting to carry a weapon as a result of violence was reported by 40% of the girls in Toronto, 28% in Philadelphia, 25% in Amsterdam, and 16% in Montreal. The major predictors of weapon perpetrated violent behaviours included ethnic origin, early onset of delinquent activities, participation in delinquent acts in the past 12 months, gang fighting and carrying a weapon as a result of violence. Site, age and heavy alcohol consumption had a minor impact, and drug use, drug selling, and neighborhood features, none. Despite numerous differences in weapons' prevalence across cities, the logistic regression found that site was only significant in use of an object (Toronto) and not significant in threatening or hurting someone with either a knife or a gun or actually hurting others with a weapon. These findings suggest commonality in serious female violence that extends beyond borders and cultures.
Adolescent↗
Weapon-carrying, physical fighting, and fight-related injury among U.S. adolescents.
INTRODUCTION: Access to firearms and other weapons has been cited as an important factor contributing to the rise in violence-related injury among adolescents in the United States. METHODS: Data from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey supplement to the 1992 National Health Interview Survey were analyzed to examine relationships among weapon-carrying, physical fighting, and fight-related injury among U.S. adolescents aged 12-21 years (N = 10,269). Adjusted odds ratios (OR) were used to describe the association of weapon-carrying during the past 30 days with physical fighting and fight-related injury during the past 12 months. RESULTS: Weapon-carrying (15%) and physical fighting (39%) were common among adolescents. One out of 30 (3.3%) adolescents reported receiving medical care for fight-related injuries. Controlling for demographic characteristics, youth who carried weapons were more likely than those who did not to have been in a physical fight (OR = 3.3). The association between weapon-carrying and physical fighting was stronger among females (OR = 5.0) than among males (OR = 2.9), but did not vary significantly by age, race/ethnicity, or place of residence (urban, suburban, rural). Controlling for frequency of physical fighting and demographics, adolescents who carried a handgun (OR = 2.6) or other weapon (OR = 1.6) were more likely than those who did not carry a weapon to have had medical care for fight-related injuries. CONCLUSIONS: Among adolescents, weapon-carrying is associated with increased involvement in physical fighting and a greater likelihood of injury among those who do fight. Efforts to reduce fight-related injuries among youth should stress avoidance of weapon-carrying.
Adolescent↗
Predictive model of weapon carrying among urban high school students: results and validation.
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to identify the behavioral, psychosocial, and demographic predictors of self-reported weapon carrying among secondary school students who attend urban public schools. METHODS: Self-reported weapon carrying was measured in a schoolwide anonymous health survey conducted in two demographically comparable high schools in 1992, in Boston, Massachusetts. Indicators of self-perception, depression, stressful life events, and adolescent risk behaviors of substance use and sexual behavior, along with self-reported weapon carrying, were measured. The students in both schools were racially heterogeneous, with the majority of about 80% from black or Hispanic backgrounds. A predictive model was developed using a forward stepwise logistic regression model in one inner-city high school, and tested in a second high school. RESULTS: Self-reported lifetime weapon carrying was 32% overall. The major predictors of weapon carrying among urban secondary school students are a combination of demographic, psychosocial, behavioral, and school-related factors. This analysis indicates consistency in eight markers predictive of weapon carrying: lower age, male gender, regular marijuana use, sexual experience, having witnessed a crime, having skipped school, suicidal ideation, and having hit or "beat up" someone. Race parental education, and family composition were not significant predictors. Significant predictors of weapon carrying were marijuana use and sexual experience, each of which was consistently high in both schools. CONCLUSIONS: The model-building and validation presented in this study provide empirical evidence for three important conclusions. First, weapon carrying is associated with multiple and interrelated factors which include demographic, psychosocial, behavioral, and school-related characteristics of high school-age adolescents. Second, students with more risk factors are more likely to carry a weapon, suggesting that the variables are independent markers. Third, this study identified marijuana use and being sexually experienced as both highly predictive of weapon carrying. Implications of this study for prevention point to the need for comprehensive multidisciplinary services in high school that include mental health counseling as well as health education efforts aimed at behavior change.
Adolescent↗
Weapon carriage among major trauma victims in the emergency department.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the occurrence of weapon carriage by major trauma patients at a university/county hospital ED. METHODS: Retrospective observational study of major trauma patients seen in the ED of a major urban trauma center in Los Angeles from 1979 to 1993. All major trauma patients were searched routinely for weapons by the security police. Cases of violence in the ED caused by these weapons were reviewed. RESULTS: Over the 14-year period, 26.7% of the victims of major trauma presenting to ED were armed with lethal weapons. The occurrence of automatic weapon seizure increased significantly from an annual rate of only 0.2 in the first five years to an average of 17 over the last five years (p < 0.001). A total of 115 "incidents" of violence involving weapons in the ED were recorded during this period; 1.7% of the weapons brought to the ED led to violence and injury. There were four fatalities of armed and dangerous patients, but only six minor injuries to the staff. No other (unarmed) patient in the ED at the time of these incidents was injured. CONCLUSION: ED major trauma patients at one urban trauma center in Los Angeles frequently carry weapons, including automatic military weapons. In addition to violence prevention measures such as weapon confiscation, plans must be made and practiced for the management of violence within the "sacrosanct" hospital doors to protect both patients and ED personnel.
Adolescent↗
Circumstances around weapon injury in Cambodia after departure of a peacekeeping force: prospective cohort study.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the circumstances surrounding weapon injury and combatant status of those injured by weapons. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Northwestern Cambodia after departure of United Nations peacekeeping force. SUBJECTS: 863 people admitted to hospital for weapon injuries over 12 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Annual incidence of weapon injury by time period; proportions of injuries inflicted as a result of interfactional combat (combat injuries) and outside such combat (non-combat injuries) by combatant status and weapon type. RESULTS: The annual incidence of weapon injuries was higher than the rate observed before the peacekeeping operation. 30% of weapon injuries occurred in contexts other than interfactional combat. Most commonly these were firearm injuries inflicted intentionally on civilians. Civilians accounted for 71% of those with non-combat injuries, 42% of those with combat related injuries, and 51% of those with weapon injuries of either type. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of weapon injuries remained high when the disarmament component of a peacekeeping operation achieved only limited success. Furthermore, injuries occurring outside the context of interfactional combat accounted for a substantial proportion of all weapon injuries, were experienced disproportionately by civilians, and were most likely to entail the intentional use of a firearm against a civilian.
Adult↗
Prevalence of carrying a weapon and related behaviors in urban schoolchildren, 1989 to 1993.
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the prevalence of weapon carrying in an epidemiologic sample of about 1500 urban schoolchildren between spring 1989 and spring 1993. DESIGN: A descriptive analysis based on 5 years of cross-sectional confidential survey data. SETTING: An urban public school system in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. PARTICIPANTS: The study base included all children who were interviewed in each year from 1989 to 1993, disregarding the number of prior or subsequent interviews. The mean age of the participants in the sample was 9 years when the survey began. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Carrying a nonlethal or lethal weapon (eg, a stick, knife, or gun) to defend or to threaten or hurt someone, assessed by self-report. Reports of interpersonal aggression also were obtained. RESULTS: Knife and gun carrying increased with age while stick carrying decreased. In 1989, carrying a lethal weapon (eg, knife or gun) was reported by 11.7% of boys and 3.3% of girls; in 1993, these proportions had increased to 22.2% and 15.3%, respectively. Gun carrying increased over time; by 1993, 9.9% of boys and 1.4% of girls reported that they had carried a gun in the previous year. Carrying a weapon to defend or protect oneself was more commonly reported than to hurt or threaten someone. Various types of interpersonal aggression were frequently reported among boys and girls in each year. Our findings support the hypothesis that early involvement with a weapon is associated with later more serious involvement with a weapon. CONCLUSIONS: Involvement in weapons-related behavior starts young, well before the middle school year. Effective intervention programs may require attention to the early determinants of involvement with weapons, sex differences, and perhaps also the changing profile of reasons given for carrying and using weapons in conjunction with other forms of aggressive behaviors.
Adolescent↗
Characteristics of students who bring weapons to school.
PURPOSE: This study explores the relationships between social, demographic, and behavioral characteristics and self-reported carrying of a weapon to school among middle school students. The results provide a statistical profile of youth most likely to bring weapons to school and help to identify characteristics that are only spuriously related to this behavior. METHODS: Study respondents were part of an ongoing randomized evaluation of a school-based drug use prevention program in Illinois. Self-administered questionnaires were completed by 1,503 seventh and eighth graders in the spring of 1992. RESULTS: Fifteen percent of respondents brought some type of weapon to school in the past month. In a multivariate logistic regression model, being male, not living with both parents, not feeling close to parents, drinking heavily, participating in fights, damaging school property, and perceiving that at least a few other students brought weapons to school, were significantly associated with weapon carrying. Victimization and fear for safety in school were not significantly associated with weapon carrying in the multivariate model. CONCLUSIONS: Study results suggest that both the structure and the dynamics of the family play an important role in weapon carrying behavior. Weapon carrying also appears to cluster with other deviant behaviors. Furthermore, the findings suggest that weapons are not brought to school because of a heightened need for protection, but rather may be in response to normative influences in school.
Adolescent↗
Association between illegal drugs and weapon carrying in young people in Scotland: schools' survey.
OBJECTIVES: To identify the type and extent of weapons being carried among young people in Scotland, and to determine the relation between use of illegal drugs and weapon carrying. DESIGN: Questionnaire school survey. SETTING: Independent schools in central Scotland and schools in Lanarkshire and Perth and Kinross. PARTICIPANTS: 3121 students aged 11 to 16 in 20 schools. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self completion questionnaire reporting history of drug use and weapon carrying. RESULTS: Overall, 34.1% of males and 8. 6% of females reported having carried a weapon (P<0.0001), ranging from 29.2% of boys aged 11-13 (classes S1 to S2) to 39.3% of boys aged 13-15 (S3 to S4). These values are higher than those in a recent survey of young people in England. Weapon carrying in Lanarkshire was 70% higher for males than in the rural area of Perth and Kinross. Both males and females who had taken drugs were more likely to carry weapons (63.5% of male drug users versus 20.5% of non-users and 22.8% of female drug users versus 3.7% of non-users; both P<0.0001). The proportions of males carrying weapons who used none, one, two, three or four, or five or more illegal drugs were 21%, 52%, 68%, 74%, and 92% respectively. A similar trend was found among females. CONCLUSIONS: Better information is needed on the nature and extent of weapon carrying by young people in the United Kingdom, and better educational campaigns are needed warning of the dangers of carrying weapons.
Adolescent↗
Cross-national study of fighting and weapon carrying as determinants of adolescent injury.
OBJECTIVES: We sought to (1) compare estimates of the prevalence of fighting and weapon carrying among adolescent boys and girls in North American and European countries and (2) assess in adolescents from a subgroup of these countries comparative rates of weapon carrying and characteristics of fighting and injury outcomes, with a determination of the association between these indicators of violence and the occurrence of medically treated injury. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional self-report surveys using 120 questions were obtained from nationally representative samples of 161082 students in 35 countries. In addition, optional factors were assessed within individual countries: characteristics of fighting (9 countries); characteristics of weapon carrying (7 countries); and medically treated injury (8 countries). PARTICIPANTS: Participants included all consenting students in sampled classrooms (average age: 11-15 years). MEASURES: The primary measures assessed included involvement in physical fights and the types of people involved; frequency and types of weapon carrying; and frequency and types of medically treated injury. RESULTS: Involvement in fighting varied across countries, ranging from 37% to 69% of the boys and 13% to 32% of the girls. Adolescents most often reported fighting with friends or relatives. Among adolescents reporting fights, fighting with total strangers varied from 16% to 53% of the boys and 5% to 16% of the girls. Involvement in weapon carrying ranged from 10% to 21% of the boys and 2% to 5% of the girls. Among youth reporting weapon carrying, those carrying handguns or other firearms ranged from 7% to 22% of the boys and 3% to 11% of the girls. In nearly all reporting countries, both physical fighting and weapon carrying were significantly associated with elevated risks for medically treated, multiple, and hospitalized injury events. CONCLUSIONS: Fighting and weapon carrying are 2 common indicators of physical violence that are experienced by young people. Associations of fighting and weapon carrying with injury-related health outcomes are remarkably similar across countries. Violence is an important issue affecting the health of adolescents internationally.
Adolescent↗
[Chemical weapons and chemical terrorism].
Chemical Weapons are kind of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD). They were used large quantities in WWI. Historically, large quantities usage like WWI was not recorded, but small usage has appeared now and then. Chemical weapons are so called "Nuclear weapon for poor countrys" because it's very easy to produce/possession being possible. They are categorized (1) Nerve Agents, (2) Blister Agents, (3) Cyanide (blood) Agents, (4) Pulmonary Agents, (5) Incapacitating Agents (6) Tear Agents from the viewpoint of human body interaction. In 1997 the Chemical Weapons Convention has taken effect. It prohibits chemical weapons development/production, and Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) verification regime contributes to the chemical weapons disposal. But possibility of possession/use of weapons of mass destruction by terrorist group represented in one by Matsumoto and Tokyo Subway Sarin Attack, So new chemical terrorism countermeasures are necessary.
Chemical Terrorism↗
Weapon carrying on school property among middle school students.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between carrying a weapon at school and the age of onset of substance use, other indicators of violence, and other health risk behaviors among middle school students. DESIGN: In 1995, a modified version of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Youth Risk Behavior Survey was administered to 2227 students (49% were female) attending 53 (of 463) randomly selected middle schools in North Carolina. Weapon carrying on school property during school hours was measured with 2 questions assessing carrying a gun and carrying other weapons such as knives or clubs. The Youth Risk Behavior Survey also assessed other indicators of violence, drug use, suicide plans and attempts, and being threatened with a weapon at school. Variables significantly (P< or =.001) associated with gun and other weapon carrying by chi2 tests were analyzed with stepwise logistic regression using the likelihood ratio approach. Odds ratios (ORs) were adjusted for all other variables in the model and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed. RESULTS: Our study showed that 3% of students had carried a gun and 14.1% had carried a knife or club to school. Gun carrying was associated with increased age (OR, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.15-2.14]); male sex (OR, 5.62 [95% CI, 2.42-13.03]); minority ethnicity (OR, 3.30 [95% CI, 1.55-5.05]); and earlier age of onset of cigarette (OR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.74-0.97]), alcohol (OR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.71-0.94]), marijuana (OR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.71-0.92]), and cocaine use (OR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.62-0.86]). Knife or club carrying was associated with age (OR, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.14-1.53]); male sex (OR, 2.39 [95% CI, 1.77-2.32]); and ear-lier age of onset of cigarette (OR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.84-0.94]), alcohol (OR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.76-0.86]), and marijuana use (OR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.72-0.83]). Gun carrying was also associated with frequency of cigarette (OR, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.14-1.57]), alcohol (OR, 4.59 [95% CI, 1.27-16.58]), cocaine (OR, 2.96 [95% CI, 1.29-6.82]), and marijuana use (OR, 3.66 [95% CI, 1.67-8.06]) after adjusting for male sex and minority ethnicity. Carrying a knife or club was associated with carrying a gun (OR, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.31-2.55]); being threatened with a weapon at school (OR, 1.65 [95% CI, 1.10-2.49]); fighting (OR, 4.62 [95% CI, 2.56-8.37]); frequency of alcohol (OR, 2.91 [95% CI, 1.88-4.50]) and cigarette use (OR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.10-1.31]); and a suicide plan (OR, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.07-2.20]). CONCLUSIONS: Middle school students are more likely to carry a knife or club (14.1%) than a gun (3%) to school. Young adolescents who initiate substance use early and engage in it frequently are more likely to carry guns and other weapons to school, after adjusting for age, sex, and ethnicity. Being threatened with a weapon at school and fighting were only associated with knife or club carrying at school. These findings suggest that school-based prevention programs targeting both violence prevention and substance use should be introduced in elementary school.
Adolescent↗