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PubMed2026

Emerging techniques of CRISPR/Cas system in antiviral therapy and diagnostics: Applications, limitations, and translational perspectives.

The CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) system is a versatile technology for developing antiviral medicines and editing viral genomes in both diagnostics and vaccine synthesis. Emerging insights into class 2 effectors, such as Cas9, Cas12, and Cas13, which target viral DNA and RNA, have revolutionized vaccines against viruses such as HIV, HPV, HBV, and EBV. Innovative diagnostic techniques such as SHERLOCK, DETECTR, and FELUDA have demonstrated system's diversity and accuracy in detecting the virus markers, supporting clinical decision-making, indicating adaptability and precision of CRISPR. This review critically evaluates CRISPR's role in RNA editing, emphasizing its importance for functional genomics and development of recombinant vaccines. Translational challenges are critically discussed, including off-target effects, delivery limitations, and ethical issues, for which unique approaches such as high-fidelity Cas variants, non-viral delivery systems, and bioethical frameworks are evaluated to address these limitations. This review also covers other social implications, such as accessibility and biosecurity risks, associated with CRISPR technologies Collectively, these advances underscore the transformative potential of CRISPR technologies in shaping next-generation antiviral diagnostics and therapeutics.

CRISPR-Cas Systems↗

PubMed2026

Culture of infectious human norovirus isolated from live contaminated oysters.

Human noroviruses are a major cause of foodborne outbreaks worldwide. Filter-feeding shellfish, such as oysters, can bioaccumulate these viruses in their digestive tissue when grown in sewage-impacted coastal areas and are often implicated in norovirus foodborne outbreaks. Despite the high sensitivity of current molecular assays, these methods for norovirus detection in shellfish fail to distinguish between infectious and non-infectious particles. Assessing norovirus infectivity in shellfish remains a challenge due to the lack of suitable isolation methods that maintain capsid integrity. In this study, a protocol for isolating infectious norovirus from oyster tissues, based on chloroform-butanol elution and polyethylene glycol concentration (CB-PEG), was optimized for the recovery of human norovirus GI and GII. While CB-PEG method recovered various norovirus GI and GII genotypes, it was less efficient at the genomic level than a protocol based on proteinase K elution (adapted from ISO 15216) and showed genotype-dependent viral recovery rates. By optimizing the flocculation step, we improved the method's compatibility with human intestinal enteroid (HIE) cultures. Using this approach, we successfully quantified infectious norovirus GII.3 titers recovered from artificially-contaminated live oysters. Interestingly, infectious virus was better isolated following a freezing step of the digestive tissues, with titers ranging from 13 to 40 TCID50/mL for positive samples. In conclusion, this study established an optimized methodological approach for the relative quantification of infectious norovirus GII.3 in shellfish, paving the way for future research on viral persistence and inactivation strategies in this foodstuff.

Norovirus↗

PubMed2026

A multi-model genome-wide association study identifies genetic variants underlying resistance to Largemouth Bass Ranavirus (LMBV) in Micropterus salmoides.

Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) is an economically important freshwater aquaculture species, yet recurrent outbreaks of Largemouth Bass Ranavirus (LMBV) continue to impair production and cause substantial losses. The genetic basis of host variation in LMBV resistance remains insufficiently characterized. Here, we applied a multi-model genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify loci associated with resistance following a controlled challenge with the LMBV-23PY strain. Whole-genome resequencing was performed for 146 phenotyped fish, including 72 susceptible and 74 resistant individuals. After stringent quality control, 877,262 high-quality variants were retained and tested using six GWAS models. Across binary survival status and survival time phenotypes, 32 shared suggestive variants were consistently detected across models, representing suggestive loci for LMBV-23PY resistance. Genes within ±50 kb of these loci were annotated, and functional enrichment highlighted immune- and redox-related biological processes. Three prioritized candidates-GSTT3L (glutathione S-transferase theta-3-like), CGRP2 (calcitonin gene-related peptide 2), and NPPC (natriuretic peptide C)-were associated with pathways involved in oxidative stress responses and immune regulation. Collectively, these results provide insight into the genetic architecture of LMBV-23PY resistance in largemouth bass and identify suggestive variants and associated candidate genes for downstream validation, functional interrogation, and the development of marker-assisted and genome-enabled breeding strategies.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

A conserved distal-tail helical extension defines a tailspike attachment architecture in Gram-negative siphophages.

Rapid growth of bacteriophage genome collections has outpaced functional annotation of tail-tip proteins, limiting comparative analysis of host-recognition structures. Starting from a shared distal-tail gene organization in the Salmonella phages 9NA and Jersey, I developed a morphogenetic bioinformatic framework integrating gene synteny, sequence comparison, profile hidden Markov model (HMM) screening, structural evidence, structure-aware searching, and AlphaFold modeling. Comparison with the experimentally characterized lambda and Sf11 tail assemblies identified a predominantly alpha-helical C-terminal extension of the distal-tail (DT) protein associated with tailspike attachment, termed the distal-tail helical extension (DT-helix). Screening 541,986 proteins from 5167 complete NCBI RefSeq tailed-phage genomes, followed by evidence-based evaluation of sequence, genomic context, and structural architecture, identified 165 curated DT-helical-extension-associated phages. Their DT proteins segregated into six sequence groups. In the four principal multi-member groups, cognate tailspikes showed group-specific conservation in proximal N-terminal regions but substantially greater downstream diversity, consistent with sequence constraint at the DT-tailspike attachment boundary. A complementary ProstT5/Foldseek search supported the established groups but revealed no convincing additional highly divergent family. Together with the experimentally characterized Sf11 attachment interface, these findings define a recurrent morphogenetic architecture linking conserved distal-tail scaffolds to more variable receptor-binding proteins across siphophages infecting Gram-negative bacteria. Although universal exchangeability is not established, the identified scaffold-receptor-binding boundaries provide a framework for molecular characterization and rational phage engineering. Accession-level information for the 165 curated phages is available through PhageTailDB.

Viral Tail Proteins↗

PubMed2026

Studies on functional differentiation of xpr1a and xpr1b genes in zebrafish.

Xenotropic and polytropic retrovirus receptor 1 (XPR1) is known to be involved in various biological processes, including phosphate homeostasis, cellular signaling, brain and vascular mineralization, whereas its specific contribution to bone development remains incompletely characterized. Due to genome duplication in teleosts, zebrafish Danio rerio possess two paralogous genes of XPR1 namely xpr1a and xpr1b, whose functional divergence remains unclear. The amino acid sequence similarity between zebrafish xpr1a and xpr1b was 83.26%. In situ hybridization demonstrated overlapping localization in the head and spinal cord at 24-48 hpf, while diverged by 72 hpf, with xpr1a becoming restricted to the head while xpr1b persisted in both regions. CRISPR/Cas9 was used to generate xpr1a and xpr1b mutants. The xpr1a mutants are comparatively healthy, viable but with mild growth reduction, whereas the xpr1b mutants display high mortality, reduced body length and severe vertebral deformities. Interestingly, all the double mutants died at the embryonic stage. Moreover, to further investigate the molecular and regulatory mechanisms, we conducted comparative transcriptome analysis on bone and brain tissues from xpr1b+/+ and xpr1b-/- zebrafish. In bone tissue, 6749 DEGs were identified, comprising 3846 upregulated and 2903 downregulated genes. These DEGs were mainly enriched in the MAPK signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and ECM-receptor interaction. RT-qPCR validated results showed that seven osteogenesis-related genes (col1a1a, sp7, runx2b, col1a2, col1a1b, alp1 and entpd5), and two phosphate homeostasis related genes (slc20a2 and pdgfba), which are essential for skeletal mineralization and phosphate homeostasis, exhibited significantly downregulated expression in bone tissue of xpr1b mutant zebrafish. These results highlight the pivotal role of xpr1b in regulating skeletal mineralization and phosphate metabolism, thereby elucidating the functional specialization of XPR1 paralogs while providing a theoretical basis for understanding bone developmental mechanism in teleost vertebrates.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Efficacy of NAs in combination with Peg-IFN for functional cure in patients with CHB: a meta-analysis of RCTs.

BACKGROUND: The goal of treating chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is to achieve functional cure. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of nucleoside (acid) analogues (NAs) and pegylated interferon (Peg-IFN) on the functional cure of CHB patients at the EOT and at the EOF. METHOD: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched systematically up to March 15, 2025. Sixteen RCTs on CHB patients receiving combination or monotherapy were included. RESULT: Compared with NAs treatment, the NAs combined with Peg-IFN treatment group significantly improved HBsAg clearance rate (RR: 14.05, 95% CI 6.13-32.20) and HBsAg seroconversion rate (RR: 12.82, 95% CI 5.08-32.33) at the EOT. Moreover, compared with NAs treatment, the NAs combined with Peg-IFN treatment group significantly improved HBsAg clearance rate (RR: 7.70, 95% CI 4.24-13.98), HBsAg seroconversion rate (RR: 11.93, 95% CI 5.14-27.67) at the EOF. However, compared with Peg-IFN monotherapy, the combination therapy group did not show any improvement in HBsAg clearance rate, HBsAg seroconversion rate, and the rate of qHBsAg decrease > 1 log10 IU/mL at the EOT and the EOF. Moreover, in terms of safety, the Peg-IFN monotherapy group showed more ALT flares (ALT > 5 × ULN) during the treatment process. CONCLUSION: Compared with NAs therapy, Peg-IFN combined with NAs therapy significantly improves functional cure rate. However, combination therapy shows no additional advantage over Peg-IFN monotherapy in achieving functional cure. The Peg-IFN monotherapy group has a higher incidence of ALT flares than the combination therapy group.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Proteomics in environmental pollution research: Advances, challenges, and future directions.

Environmental proteomics has emerged as a powerful approach for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying pollutant-induced biological effects. Although this field has developed rapidly, the systematic review of recent proteomics applications in environmental pollution research remains limited. This review explored the emerging roles of toxicoproteomics in biomarker discovery and mechanistic elucidation, as well as ecotoxicoproteomics in ecological risk assessment and bioremediation strategies. Here, we review the field, highlighting recent trends such as the integration of proteomics with genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics to provide a comprehensive view of biological responses to environmental stressors. We further discuss the growing application of artificial intelligence in improving proteomics data interpretation and accelerating biomarker discovery. In addition, recent technological advances in environmental proteomics are highlighted, including next-generation tissue microarray proteomics, nanoscale proteomics, single-cell proteomics, and spatial proteomics. Despite its potential, proteomics faces challenges, such as high operational costs, computational complexity in analysis, and technical limitations in low-abundance protein detection. We propose that the convergence of proteomics with artificial intelligence and multi-omics approaches offers promising solutions to these challenges, enhancing the practical application of proteomics in environmental monitoring and risk assessment.

Proteomics↗

PubMed2026

Suppression of HIV-1 replication in CEM-A cell cultures by trans-splicing group I introns targeting PAS/PBS sequences and conditionally expressing ΔN-Bax.

Anti-HIV group I introns containing antisense guide sequences directed against the HIV-1 primer activation signal and primer-binding site (PAS/PBS) were designed and evaluated. Because PAS/PBS sequences are present in the viral RNA species examined, these RNAs can serve as trans-splicing substrates. The introns were active against both artificial target RNAs and viral RNA generated during infection. Cleavage and degradation of targeted viral RNA may have contributed to suppression, whereas inclusion of a 3' exon encoding the proapoptotic protein ΔN-Bax was associated with increased programmed cell death and may have augmented suppression of viral replication. In cultured CEM-A cells, transgene expression of these introns markedly suppressed HIV-1 replication, with p24 levels falling below the assay detection limit in selected clones. RESULTS: RT-PCR and sequence analysis detected splice products containing the expected PAS/PBS junctions. In the dual-luciferase assay, intron expression reduced normalized Gaussia luciferase signal by approximately 70% relative to the negative control. Qualitative Annexin V imaging and caspase-3 assays were consistent with infection-dependent apoptosis after ΔN-Bax splice-product formation. Transient expression of each intron in HEK293T cells followed by infection with VSV-G-pseudotyped HIV-1NL4-3 at an MOI of 2 reduced p24 levels by approximately 50% at 4 days post-infection. Construct 128L produced the strongest RT-PCR band under the tested conditions and was selected for subsequent experiments. A canonical splice product and a low-abundance noncanonical splice product were detected; both involved the intended HIV-derived target RNA, although transcriptome-wide off-target splicing was not assessed. Heterogeneous transformed HEK293T populations showed an approximately 2-log10 reduction in p24. In selected clonal HEK293T and CEM-A lines, p24 was below the assay detection limit at the measured endpoints, including up to 90 days after infection in some CEM-A clones. CONCLUSIONS: PAS/PBS-targeting group I introns suppressed HIV-1-associated p24 production in the tested cell-culture models. Linking the introns to a ΔN-Bax 3' exon was associated with infection-dependent apoptosis and may further limit viral replication and spread. The use of highly conserved, functionally constrained target sequences may reduce the likelihood of escape, but viral evolution and transcriptome-wide off-target effects were not assessed. This conditional death-upon-infection strategy warrants further evaluation in primary-cell and in vivo models.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

PGR expression as a pharmacogenomic companion biomarker to GENE70-derived genomic risk in ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: The biology of the estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) breast cancers is heterogeneous even when they are categorized by their risk via genomics. Transcriptomic PGR expression reflects endocrine pathway activity and may provide complementary biological information within established GENE70-derived genomic-risk categories. Whether this molecular marker improves the biological interpretation of genomic-risk stratification beyond conventional clinicopathological assessment remains uncertain. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine whether transcriptomic PGR expression provides complementary biological and prognostic information within reconstructed GENE70-derived genomic-risk categories and refines the characterization of endocrine-related tumour biology in ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer. METHODS: This study analysed publicly available transcriptomic and clinical data from three cohorts: METABRIC (discovery cohort), GSE96058/SCAN-B cohort (validation cohort) and TCGA-BRCA cohort (molecular validation cohort). The GENE70-derived genomic-risk score was reconstructed for each cohort using matched genes. Cox regression, Kaplan-Meier analysis and subgroup comparisons were used to assess relationships between PGR expression, clinicopathologic variables, molecular features and survival outcomes. RESULTS: Across the three independent cohorts, low transcriptomic PGR expression was consistently associated with higher GENE70-derived genomic risk, increased MKI67 expression, reduced ESR1 expression and enrichment of the Luminal B subtype. Survival findings differed between cohorts. In the discovery METABRIC cohort, transcriptomic PGR expression showed heterogeneous associations with survival, particularly within GENE70-derived high-risk subgroups, whereas the external GSE96058/SCAN-B validation cohort demonstrated consistent associations between low PGR expression and poorer overall survival in both the overall ER-positive/HER2-negative population and GENE70-derived high-risk subgroups. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that transcriptomic PGR provides complementary biological and prognostic information within GENE70-derived genomic-risk categories. However, because treatment response was not evaluated in the present study, the findings should not be interpreted as evidence of predictive or pharmacogenomic utility and prospective studies incorporating treatment-response analyses are required before such applications can be established.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Assessing the threat of Bacillus cereus: From toxin characterization to modern detection strategies.

Bacillus cereus is a spore-forming pathogen responsible for both diarrheal and emetic foodborne illnesses worldwide. Its significance in food safety has received growing attention. Recent advances, including the discovery of novel virulence factors and the development of emerging detection technologies, have provided new insights into its pathogenic mechanisms and surveillance strategies. This review critically examines the global burden of B. cereus infections, and molecular mechanisms of its major virulence factors, and the performance characteristics of current detection knowledge gaps such as the viable-but-non-culturable state and regulatory blind spots for emetic toxins, and discuss unresolved challenges in clinical management. By integrating epidemiological, microbiological, and technological perspectives with critical lens, this review aims to provide a valuable reference for future research and food safety practices.

Bacillus cereus↗

PubMed2026

Genetic overlap between estimated glomerular filtration rate and cardiovascular disease identifies potential targets for cardiorenal syndrome.

Heart and kidney diseases frequently coexist, but the genetic basis of this relationship remains unclear. We analyzed genetic data from large-scale studies to investigate how kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR) and six common cardiovascular diseases share genetic risk factors. Using MiXeR method, and conjunctional false discovery rate (conjFDR) to identify overlapping genetic regions, we found 478 shared genomic loci between eGFR and cardiovascular diseases. These shared genes are involved in tissue development and structure. We also identified 29 genes that could be targeted by existing medications approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, such as PRKAG2, PDE1A, and IGF1R. Among these, genetically predicted higher level of IGF1R expression is associated with a higher eGFR, which reflects good kidney function and is protective against cardiorenal diseases, such as atrial fibrillation, and myocardial infarction. These findings reveal genetic overlap between kidney function and cardiovascular diseases, highlighting potential targets for understanding and treating cardiorenal syndrome.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Divergent evolutionary strategies in spider venoms: A comparative proteomic profiling of four sympatric species from Yunnan.

Spider venoms comprise complex cocktails of bioactive molecules evolved for predation and defense, representing a valuable resource for biological research and pharmaceutical discovery. In this study, we performed a systematic analysis of venom gland extracts from four common spider species indigenous to Yunnan, China: Agelena limbata, Hippasa lycosina, Lycosa grahami, and Sinopoda pengi. Using an integrated transcriptomic and proteomic targeted profiling approach, we successfully annotated 141 distinct toxins. Comparative analysis revealed significant interspecific heterogeneity, suggesting distinct evolutionary trajectories and "weapon system economics." Both A. limbata and L. grahami exhibited a "peptide-dominant" profile anchored by neurotoxic peptides and isomerases, optimized for rapid chemical paralysis. In contrast, S. pengi displayed a distinct "protein-dominant" signature enriched with high-molecular-weight enzymes and CAP superfamily proteins, likely functioning to facilitate tissue degradation and toxin diffusion. Occupying an intermediate position, H. lycosina demonstrated a hybrid composition. These findings suggest that although these species share the same geographical range, their venom systems have undergone divergent evolutionary adaptations driven by specific ecological niches and hunting strategies. This study represents the first systematic proteomic characterization of these venom components, providing a valuable reservoir of molecular candidates while highlighting the bioinformatic nuances of analyzing whole-gland homogenates.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Bioactive peptides for meat quality and preservation: Integrating peptidomics and computational screening.

Bioactive peptides generated from meat proteins, fermented meat products, and slaughter by-products have attracted increasing attention as functional molecules for improving meat quality and preservation. In meat systems, peptides can be produced through endogenous postmortem proteolysis, microbial fermentation, gastrointestinal digestion, or controlled enzymatic hydrolysis of underutilized animal by-products. These peptides are closely associated with key meat science endpoints, including postmortem tenderization, oxidative stability, color retention, flavor development, microbial inhibition, and the valorization of processing by-products. However, although high-resolution peptidomics has greatly expanded the identification of meat-derived peptide sequences, their translation into practical meat applications remains limited by matrix interactions, processing stability, sensory constraints, safety concerns, and insufficient validation in real meat systems. This review synthesizes recent advances in meat-related peptidomics and computational screening, including sequence-based prediction, machine learning, molecular docking, molecular dynamics, stability assessment, and safety-oriented filtering. Particular attention is given to how these approaches can prioritize peptides with antioxidant, antimicrobial, flavor-modulating, and preservation-related functions under meat-specific technological constraints. By integrating peptide generation pathways, mass spectrometry-based identification, in silico prioritization, and meat quality endpoints, this review proposes a stage-gated framework for translating meat-derived bioactive peptides from discovery to application. Future research should strengthen matrix-specific validation, standardized peptidomic reporting, and safety assessment to support the use of bioactive peptides in meat quality improvement, clean-label preservation, and circular utilization of meat industry by-products.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Integrated multi-omics profiling of amniotic fluid identifies predictive biomarkers for fetal growth restriction trajectories.

BACKGROUND: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a complex condition with highly heterogeneous clinical outcomes, making prenatal distinction between transient and persistent growth failure challenging. This study aims to identify amniotic fluid (AF) biomarkers capable of differentiating distinct FGR trajectories and characterizing persistent growth failure mechanisms. METHODS: Integrated proteomic and metabolomic profiling was performed on AF samples from transient FGR (n = 11), persistent FGR (n = 9), and healthy controls (n = 13). Diagnostic and prognostic models were developed using multivariate analysis. Selected protein candidates were validated via ELISA in an independent cohort (n = 69). RESULTS: Multi-omics analysis revealed distinct molecular signatures for FGR stratification. A two-protein diagnostic panel (PDGFA and phospho-STAT5A) achieved an AUC of 1.000 in the discovery stage and 0.780 in the external validation cohort. For prognostic assessment, a molecular signature including IREB2, HLA-C, and PLXNB2 accurately predicted persistent growth failure from transient recovery (AUC = 0.966). Cross-platform integration highlighted the mass spectrometry-derived WASHC2C as a central hub protein with a significant progressive increase across the control, transient, and persistent groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study establishes a multi-omics framework for prenatal FGR stratification. Our findings identify distinct molecular signatures reflecting the intrauterine environment and provide high-performance molecular tools for predicting divergent fetal growth trajectories to guide personalized clinical decision-making.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Improved comprehensive profiling of fecal bile acids through chemical derivatization combined with HPLC-MS/MS analysis.

Bile acids (BAs) facilitate the digestion and absorption of fats and influence lipid and glucose homeostasis, making them potential therapeutic targets for obesity and related metabolic disorders. The liver and intestinal microbiota modify BAs structurally, generating diverse chemical forms and isomers. Comprehensive profiling of the BA pool is critical for understanding their key biological functions and as a therapeutic approach for related diseases. High-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) is usually chosen as the preferred method for BA detection due to the complex chemical structures, the wide range of actual concentrations and the complexity of fecal sample matrices. However, free BAs are difficult to ionize, resulting in low detection signals and a lack of characteristic structural fragments to assist in structural identification. In this method, the labeling reagent (2-aminoethyl) trimethylammonium (AETMA) is employed to label the carboxyl group of BAs. Compared with underivatized BAs, the detection sensitivity of unconjugated BAs was enhanced by 25-180 fold, while that of conjugated BAs increased by 6-160 fold. It also generates unique fragment ions and enhances MS response, facilitating the discovery of potential BAs. Methodological parameters were validated using 38 BAs as representatives. Through methodological validation, it was verified that the precision, recovery, matrix effect and stability parameters of the method met acceptable criteria. We also identified 61 confirmed BAs and 55 additional candidate BAs in human pooled fecal samples. It has been successfully applied to fecal BA analysis in obese populations, providing valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies for obesity.

Tandem Mass Spectrometry↗

PubMed2026

Distinct molecular responses to acute cold exposure revealed by comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling in the bay scallop Argopecten irradians.

Acute cold stress can elicit distinct molecular responses even when bay scallop populations show similar phenotypic outcomes. We compared a seventh-generation fast-growing bay scallop line (BS) with a commercial control population (CC) during a 72-h acute cold exposure at -1 ± 0.3 °C. RNA-seq was used as the discovery layer, representative BS cold-responsive genes were evaluated by qRT-PCR, and paired LC-MS profiles provided a comparative metabolic layer. At baseline, 138 genes differed between BS and CC; after cold exposure, 134 of these baseline differences disappeared and 61 of 65 cold-state differences newly emerged. BS showed a larger transcriptomic response magnitude than CC, with 1129 cold-responsive genes compared with 28 genes in CC, and this ordering remained robust across multiple sensitivity analyses. Survival after 72 h was identical in BS and CC (83/90, 92.2% in each population). Biochemical responses were time-dependent and marker-specific: CAT, LZM, T-SOD and T-AOC showed population-by-time interactions, whereas GSH-Px and MDA did not, and the 72-h differences were not consistently favourable to BS. Metabolomic cold effects were strongly concordant between populations, and no feature showed a significant population-by-cold interaction. Features putatively assigned to arachidonic acid metabolism were enriched, but this provider-annotated pathway signal remains exploratory because authentic-standard confirmation was not performed. These findings indicate population-specific differences in molecular responsiveness but do not establish superior cold tolerance in BS.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Genomic science and the nurse educator's role: Promoting integration from curriculum to clinical practice.

BACKGROUND: Registered nurses and nurse educators play a critical role in preparing future clinicians to translate genomic discoveries into practice. However, emerging evidence suggests that both groups may lack sufficient knowledge and confidence in genomics, potentially limiting their ability to teach, mentor, and apply genomics in real-world settings. This gap is especially concerning in Aotearoa New Zealand, where the genomic literacy of nurse educators and clinicians remains underexplored. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to: (1) assess nurse educators' genomic literacy and confidence in teaching genomics; and (2) evaluate registered nurses' knowledge and confidence in applying and teaching genomics in clinical practice. DESIGN: Exploratory descriptive qualitative. SETTING: This study was conducted in the greater Auckland area. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 17 participants were recruited using purposive sampling to ensure a diverse range of perspectives across varying levels of teaching experience, disciplinary backgrounds, and exposure to genomic content. METHODS: Data were collected using semi-structured focus group interviews, a method well-suited for generating in-depth discussion and facilitating interaction among participants with shared professional interests. The collected data were analysed using thematic analysis methods. RESULTS: The findings offer insight into the preparedness of New Zealand's nursing workforce to engage with genomic-informed healthcare and inform strategies for integrating genomics into nursing curricula and continuing professional development. Given the interdisciplinary nature of genomic healthcare, these insights may also be relevant to other health professionals-including midwives, pharmacists, and allied health practitioners-who increasingly encounter genomic information in clinical practice and require foundational competencies to support patient care. CONCLUSION: Addressing this educational gap is critical to ensuring that nurses-key facilitators of patient care and public health-are equipped to deliver safe, equitable, and evidence-based genomic healthcare.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Do vaccinated cases transmit measles? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: We reviewed evidence on whether vaccinated individuals can transmit measles and conducted a meta-analysis to understand transmission characteristics. METHODS: We searched and extracted data from peer-reviewed and gray literature and included studies reporting measles transmission events from vaccinated individuals. We meta-analyzed the data to calculate the median number of transmissions from vaccinated cases by measles burden, number of doses, and time since first and last dose. RESULTS: We identified 11,911 peer-reviewed and 22 gray literature records and included 33 articles in our review. Seventy individuals who had received 1 or more doses of measles-containing vaccine transmitted measles virus, resulting in 237 secondary cases. Vaccinated transmitters in eliminated areas were older (median age of 19 years (IQR: 3, 21)) than those in non-eliminated areas (median age 16 years; IQR 13, 18) (p = 0.12). Additionally, 91% (30/33) of studies provided data on subsequent transmission generations, leading to 812 measles cases traced back to vaccinated individuals, with a median of 4 (IQR: 1, 10) cases per vaccinated transmitter. CONCLUSION: Measles transmissions from vaccinated cases, although relatively uncommon, must be considered in public health investigations, as such transmissions can contribute to outbreaks.

Adolescent↗