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Results for “Value Orientation”

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PubMed1995

Teachers' value orientations in urban and rural school settings.

The purpose of this research was to describe physical educators' value orientations for curricular decision making in urban and rural teaching settings. The revised Value Orientation Inventory (Ennis & Chen, 1993) was used to collect data from 495 physical educators in urban and rural districts. Data were analyzed descriptively using a full-design and a nested MANOVA model. Results indicated that teachers in urban school districts placed a higher priority on self-actualization and social responsibility than did teachers in rural school districts. Conversely, teachers in rural school districts placed a higher priority on disciplinary mastery and learning process than did their colleagues in urban schools. The discussion focused on differences in school contexts in urban and rural schools. Teachers appeared to shape their curriculum to reflect the opportunities and constraints within their school settings.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Value orientations as an assessment tool in cultural diversity.

Value Orientations is the term used for a theoretical construct and its cultural assessment tool that was developed by Florence Kluckhohn in the 1950s. The tool, tested in rural and urban areas, has been useful in identifying the dominant and variant values and beliefs that characterize groups. This paper describes the tool, its theoretical underpinning, and data analysis techniques with the Annang of Nigeria as an example of how the tool is used on context of a single culture. In addition, use of the tool with individual clients to establish possible areas of culture conflict in values is examined.

Cultural Characteristics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perceived value-orientations toward premarital virginity of female virgins and nonvirgins.

Various studies have suggested an increase in the incidence of premarital intercourse among women with a corresponding decline in premarital virginity. The present study was conducted in an attempt to determine perceived value-orientations toward premarital virginity of female virgins and nonvirgins. It examined the possibility of different orientations for different virgin or nonvirgin classifications and motivations. Results suggested significant differences between female virgins and nonvirgins among ten value-orientation criteria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Age and gender differences in value orientation among American adolescents.

This study investigated the development of a caring value orientation in four age groups. The sample included 1,247 students in grades 6, 8, 10, and 12 who were asked to complete a questionnaire, containing 14 contrasting word pairs and phrases, designed to measure preference for more caring, personal values. Gender differences were found across age groups and geographic regions. These findings are discussed in terms of theories that hypothesize gender differences in worldview.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Do not prime hawks with doves: the interplay of construct activation and consistency of social value orientation on cooperative behavior.

Low and high consistent pro-socials and pro-selfs were primed with neutral, morality, or might concepts in mixed-motive situations. The authors expected participants' social value orientation to influence cooperative behavior among (a) high consistent individuals in all prime conditions and (b) low consistent individuals in the neutral prime condition only. The authors also expected the primes to influence cooperative behavior more among low than high consistent individuals. Four experiments using supra-liminal (Experiments 1, 2, and 4) or subliminal (Experiment 3) priming and 2-person (Experiments 1-3) or N-person (Experiment 4) social dilemmas partially supported these initial predictions. One intriguing exception was that morality primes reduced cooperation among high consistent pro-selfs. Experiments 2-4 allowed testing for the potential role of expectations in shaping participants' cooperative behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Private self-consciousness as a moderator of the relationship between value orientations and attitudes.

The author examined implications of private self-consciousness (PrivSC; Fenigstein, Scheier, & Buss, 1975) for the relationships between social values and issue attitudes. Indeed, the author expected that the value orientations of authoritarianism and individualism would shape attitudes toward physician-assisted suicide. Values and attitudes were consistent in the high-PrivSC participants, who tended to be more aware of different beliefs held simultaneously than were the low-PrivSC participants. However, for the low-PrivSC individuals, there was no relationship between values and attitudes. The results of 2 studies among U.S. undergraduate students confirmed these predictions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Integrating social value orientation and the consideration of future consequences within the extended norm activation model of proenvironmental behaviour.

This study integrates social value orientation (Messick & McClintock, 1968) and the consideration of future consequences (CFC; Strathman, Gleicher, Boninger, & Edwards, 1994) within the extended norm activation model of proenvironmental behaviour (Stern, Dietz, & Kalof, 1993). A survey of college students (N = 161) revealed some preliminary support for the proposed model, using past and intended involvement in proenvironmental political behaviour as the primary outcome variables. Relative to proselfs, prosocials expressed stronger proenvironmental intentions and a stronger belief in the social consequences of environmental conditions. Relative to low CFCs, high CFCs expressed stronger proenvironmental intentions, greater involvement in proenvironmental behaviour, and a stronger belief in the personal, social and biospheric consequences of environmental conditions. Perceived consequences mediated the relationship between CFC and proenvironmental intentions and behaviour, and high CFCs evidence a stronger positive relationship between perceived social consequences and proenvironmental intentions.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Suicide in the elderly: collapse of value orientation?].

Suicide of the aged has often been understood as a careful deliberation of the quintessence of life. Nevertheless, it displays the breakdown or the entire lack of value orientation. Some gerontologists have come to terms with the fact that the ideal of value-free living results in the suicidality of the aged. Suicide seems to be a probable solution of their problems. But values regulate the social existence of humans. Accordingly, this paper considers suicide of the aged to be a result of this disorientation. Thus, it demands first of all that a rich set of values has to be developed, and secondly, that adequate resources of values have to be proposed. This can be achieved by four steps: 1) distance from the critical situation, 2) combination of interaction and mutual appreciation, 3) analyzing the reduced set of values, and 4) opening new priorities and preferences.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Personality and value orientations in early adolescence.

An analysis of the Psychoticism, Extraversion, Neuroticism and Lie scores of 674 13-year-old pupils in comprehensive schools revealed that they held specific relationships to six value orientations: Family Loyalty, Intolerance, Complacency, Passivity, Cynicism and Educational Primacy. These relationships are seen as pointing to an area which, by systematic investigation, would permit the psychology of personality and the sociology of values to be more closely integrated. The existence of three basic 'life orientations', 'Asocial', 'Unsocial' and 'Hypersocial', is suggested.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Emotional range and value orientation: toward a cognitive view of emotionality.

This study focused on emotional range--a personality variable introduced to the study of emotion. It is argued that individual differences in emotional responsiveness need to be described and analyzed not only in terms of emotional intensity but also in terms of emotional range. What are some of the factors that influence an individual's range of emotional experiences? Do cognitive factors play a significant role? Questions such as these were central to the present investigation. In accordance with recent cognitive formulations of emotion, we hypothesized that individual differences on the emotional range variable would be associated with differences in value orientations. Lending support to this proposition, the results revealed a pattern of emotional range--value associations that challenge the prevailing view of emotionality as intimately linked with primitivism and impulsivity. At the same time, the findings strongly suggest that emotionality cannot be understood as divorced from a person's mental life. Implications of the findings for the development of a cognitively oriented approach to the study of individual differences in emotional dispositions are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Value-oriented parameters in migration policies in the 1990s: the Israeli experience.

"This article focuses on value inputs at various junctures of the immigrant-absorption process in Israel and their possible implications for the future of the immigrants.... The model of value inputs of the 1990s suggests several directions in which absorption policy may head....One such direction is dominant in other immigration countries: the integration of the stronger immigrants--those whose ability to function in modern Western society is high--is left to market forces.... Another possible paradigm of absorption is one in which the government intervenes selectively to help especially disadvantaged groups....A third orientation depends on the immigration trend. If immigration tapers off, the government will intervene more intensively and extensively in the integration of the 1990s immigrants, particularly at the municipal level." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA)

Acculturation↗
PubMed1979

Relationships among experience level and value orientation and the performance of paraprofessional telephone counselors.

The effectiveness of indigenous paraprofessional helpers is thought to be partially due to the similarity in style and values between then and their clients. However, there is a concern that as they gain experience in an agency, their identification may shift from the clients to the agency. Also, there is a question as to how effective paraprofessionals (selected due to their shared values with a target population) are with value-dissimilar clients. Truax and Carkhuff's scales of facilitative conditions as well as a technique functioning scale were used to assess the helping behavior of paraprofessional telephone counselors at three levels of experience in response to value-similar and value-dissimilar simulated calls. The results indicate that performance generally improved with training and experience and that instead of a uniform deterioration with dissimilar value calls, a complex relationship existed between performance, values, and experience level.

Adolescent↗