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PubMed1978

Biochemical characterization of some species of Trypansoma (Schizotrypanum) from bats (Microchiroptera).

Trypanosoma (Schizotryanum) species isolated from bats (Microchirotera) in Europe and Latin America were examined by determining the buoyant densities of their nuclear and kinetoplastic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and the electrophoretic patterns of six isoenzymes. By these criteria they were separated into three distinct groups -- two from Europe (T. dionisii and T. vespertilionis) and one from America. T. dionisii was also separable by its morphology in vitro. Geographical location and DNA buoyant densities suggested that the American stocks were more closely related to T. cruzi than to the European species, though they differed from it marginally in kinetoplastic DNA density and in being noninfective to mice. Similar stocks studied by other workers have been shown to differ from T. cruzi also in reduced infectivity to, and lack of natural association with, Triatominae, and in antigenic composition. It is therefore proposed that trypanosomes of the subgenus Schizotryanum occuring naturally in Microchiroptera and differing from T. cruzi sensu stricto as outlined above should be treated as a distinct subspecies, T. cruzi marinkellei ssp. nov. T. cruzi sensu stricto thus becomes the nominate subspecies T. cruzi cruze Chagas 1909.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1976

The inheritance of radiation induced semi-sterility in Rhodnius prolixus.

Eggs from crosses of 40 adult male R. prolixus irradiated with 6K rad gamma-rays with normal females had a mean fertility of 23.9%, only 2 crosses being completely sterile. The 86 F1 progeny of both sexes, when outcrossed with normal mates, had a mean egg fertility of 12.6;, and 43 of these matings were completely sterile. Twenty-eight "F2" bugs reared from F1 X normal crosses were mated with normal partners and had a mean fertility of 44.6%, 6 of them being fully fertile, a reversal towards normal fertility. Cytogenetic examination of F1, "F2" and "F3" males showed that these changes in fertility correlated well with the degree of chromosomal abnormality found. The very high recovery rate of translocations in F1 generation males can be related to the holocentric chromosomes of these bugs which precludes the formation of dicentric chromosomes which are inviable in monocentric species. In F1 and "F2" males the majority of one bug was found with a ring of IV chromosome association and it is suggested that chromosome morphology, combined with a low chiasma frequency, favours chain association. Most chain multivalents showed linear orientation which may lead to duplication deficiencies and zygotic death. However, "parellel", "indifferent" and the more stable "convergent" modes of chain orientation were also all observed indicating that survival of some translocations in this species may be possible. The survival to the "F2" generation of chromosomal fragments confirmed the holocentric nature of triatomine chromosomes. It is suggested that semi-sterile males would prove more effective than releases of completely sterile males for reducing wild populations of R. prolixus, because of the delayed effects of sterilizing radiation consequent upon the holocentric structure of triatomine chromosomes.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Change with age of Feulgen-DNA values in the blood-sucking insect, Triatoma infestans Klug.

Feulgen-DNA values were evaluated cytophotometrically in the Malpighian tubes of T. infestans at the nymphal, adult and ageing life periods. In all cases the total nuclear Feulgen-DNA contents were found to be distributed within the 32C and 64C classes. However, part of the Feulgen-DNA values is shifted to lower intervals in ageing insects, as compared with nymphal and adult individuals, promoted by decrease in Feulgen-DNA values of the euchromatins. Changed response to Feulgen reaction due to some aging-induced alteration in DNP complexes, and/or breaks and loss of DNA in the euchromatins, as part of the senescence process, are ascribed to be responsible for such phenomenon.

Aging↗
PubMed1977

Enzymatic synthesis of polyprenol monophosphate mannose in insects.

The microsomal fraction of insects was found to contain an enzyme which transfers mannose from guanosine diphosphate mannose to an endogenous or exogenous insect lipid and to other acceptors such as dolichol monophosphate or ficaprenol monophosphate. This activity depended on the presence of Triton X-100 and magnesium ions, the optimal concentration of the latter being 10mM. The optimal temperature of the reaction was 25 degrees C and the maximal activity was obtained at pH 7.9. The mannolipid formed behaved as a monophosphodiester when chromatographed on DEAE-cellulose. Weak acid treatment of the product liberated mannose. Its behaviour both on thin layer and Sephadex G-150 chromatography would indicate the presence of a number of isoprenyl units similar to the dolichol and different from the ficaprenol derivative. Stability to phenol treatment indicated that the lipid fraction of the mannolipid is an alpha-saturated polyprenol phosphate similar to dolichol monophosphate.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Proteolytic enzymes in the Rhodnius prolixus midgut.

Sequential chromatographic fractionation of Rhodnius prolixus midgut homogenate yielded only one endopeptidase, but revealed the presence of carboxypeptidase-A and B-like enzyme, di- and tripeptidases, as well as aminopeptidase activities.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed1975

A comparison of Rhodnius prolixus, Triatoma infestans and Panstrongylus megistus in the xenodiagnosis of a chronic Trypanosoma (schizotrypanum) cruzi infection in a rhesus monkey (Macaca mullatta).

Fifth instar Rhodnius prolixus, Triatoma infestans and Panstrongylus megistus were fed on a rhesus monkey (Macaca mullatta) with a chronic infection of Peru strain Trypanosoma cruzi and examined 30 days later for the presence of trypanosomes in the rectum. No correlation could be demonstrated between either blood meal size or sex and the subsequent development of a rectal infection with T. cruzi. As T. infestans and P. megistus were more highly infected than R. prolixus in terms of both percentage infected and degree of infection, the two former species can be regarded as more suitable for the xenodiagnosis of this particular strain of T. cruzi in M. Mullatta.

Animals↗