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PubMedDate not supplied

A survey of nurse associate training programs.

A survey of nurse associate training programs in the United States and its territories was made in 1972. Data were obtained by questionnaires mailed to program directors, with mail and telephone followup, for 60 operating programs and 9 programs being planned. The response rate was 79 percent of an estimated 87 programs in existence. The survey data indicated that the "typical" nurse associate training program lasts 4 to 6 months, began instruction in 1971, and is sponsored solely by a university or a 4-year college. The most frequently mentioned sources of financial support are the sponsoring institutions or the National Institutes of Health, or both. The typical program receives about 24 trainee applications a year and can accommodate 16 new students annually; 12 students graduate each year at a cost of about $3,536 per graduate. Most students in nurse associate training are white women who have either a diploma or bachelor's nursing degree. In addition to a substantial amount of nursing experience, they are likely to have a guarantee of employment on graduation. Nurse associates are expected to exercise a significant amount of independent judgment in tasks performed, and they are likely to work with primary care physicians in a wide range of settings, including rural and remote areas. They are likely to perform a variety of tasks and activities, including giving physical examinations, ordering tests and medications (under standing order), instructing, counseling, and monitoring patients, and management of disease.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗

PubMed1991

Depression assessment and management: evaluating a community-based mental health training program for nurses.

This mental health training program was designed to increase primary care nurses' knowledge and skills about depression. The program emphasized criteria for assessing depression, presented psychopharmacologic and psychotherapeutic content, discussed care coordination among several agencies and providers, and addressed referral resources. Cultural and developmental issues were highlighted. The 237 participants had significant knowledge gains after the program on comparison of pretest and posttest measures. Client record audit found significant increases in the assessment of and intervention with depression. The training program successfully increased primary care nurses' abilities to use knowledge about depression in clinical practice.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Status of training programs and perceived labor problems in four types of noncommercial foodservice operations.

Training is essential for the effective delivery of quality foodservice products. A well-developed training program is ongoing, comprehensive, planned in advance, and performance based. Such programs facilitate performance and may be beneficial to develop employees and reduce employee turnover rates. The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinds of training programs that are being developed and delivered to employees in noncommercial foodservice operations. A survey instrument was mailed nationally to foodservice directors and administrators in health care and educational foodservice operations requesting information about training programs used for their nonsupervisory foodservice employees. Information regarding perceived existence of potential labor problems was also collected. Relationships between training programs and perception of labor problems were investigated. Training appears to be conducted in some form within the four types of noncommercial foodservice operations investigated. The most severely perceived labor problems among nonsupervisory employees include low motivation, lack of skills, and poor promotability.

Absenteeism↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A supervised training program in flexible sigmoidoscopy: evaluating skills from residency training to clinical practice.

To assess the effectiveness of a training program in flexible sigmoidoscopy for family practice residents, we prospectively studied the performance of four residents during their training and after graduation. One hundred and four training exams performed with the assistance of an experienced gastroenterologist were compared with 118 unassisted post-training, post-residency exams. The mean depth of insertion for the post-training period was 51.1 +/- 1.2 cm, which was significantly greater (P less than .05, Student's t test) than the mean training period depth of 47.6 +/- 1.2 cm. There was no significant difference in the identification of polyps or cancer between the training and post-training periods. The mean duration of an exam was 17.3 +/- 0.6 minutes in the post-training period. No significant complications were encountered in either period. The residency trained family physicians obtained results similar to those reported by trained endoscopists in depth of examination and pathology detected, although their examinations required more time. We conclude that this model of training was effective in the development of flexible sigmoidoscopy procedural skill for family practice residents.

Clinical Competence↗

PubMed1975

A behavior modification training program for staff working with drug addicts.

This paper described a Behavior Modification Training Program, emphasizing self-control, for staff working with drug addicts. The program, which is primarily geared toward the training of paraprofessionals, takes place in ten 1-1/2 hour sessions and includes an overview of behavior modification as well as instruction in techniques of relaxation, desensitization, self-image improvement, behavior analysis, behavior control, assertive training, rational thinking, and how to set up and run similar behavior modification training programs for staff and patients. Since this training began at the New Jersey Neuropsychiatric Institute in November 1971, a total of 898 staff members, mostly paraprofessionals working with addicts, alcoholics, mentally ill patients, and inmates, including 53 from our own institution, 576 persons from other facilities in New Jersey, and 269 from facilities in other states, have been trained, while 2,021 patients have been trained in similar programs. Most of this training has been accomplished by paraprofessionals. Preliminary evaluation data have been promising and the response of participants enthusiastic.

Allied Health Personnel↗

PubMed1989

Occurrence of running injuries in adults following a supervised training program.

To study the occurrence of running-related injuries, a group of 115 volunteers were supervised in a training program. These subjects who had limited or no running experience were asked to keep a diary in which they registered information on the training program and injuries. Ultimately, 63% of the diaries fulfilled the criteria for inclusion into longitudinal analysis. The training program (18-20 months) consisted of three phases, each phase finished with a contest (15 km, 25 km, and a marathon, respectively). The participants were individually supervised by an experienced coach with special attention to physiologic training and injury-preventive aspects. Eighty-five percent (n = 62) of the research population sustained at least one injury during the experiment. They reported in total 174 injuries. The number of injury cases per week increased gradually over the experimental period; however, when expressed per unit of exposure time (i.e., 1000 training hours), it showed a decline. There was a significant correlation between the number of injured volunteers and the distance covered during the training at the start of the training program. The anatomic distribution of the injuries is in agreement with findings in the literature. There was also a possible preference for the localization of injuries to the lower leg and Achilles tendon on the left side of the body.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Evaluation of training program for volunteer family planning communicators.

The objectives of the VFPCs training program are to develop the strategy for promotion of sterilization by contraceptive comsumers in the provinces. The program promoted coordination among government and the private sector. The project was planned to cover 12 provinces in Northeastern Thailand. The results indicated that the project had achieved readiness to some degree. Consequently, the significant differences between pre and post tests (p less than 0.01) indicated that the VFPCs had benefited by the training program. For the most part, the objectives of training were achieved.

Communication↗

PubMed1975

Development and implementation of a pharmacy technician training program.

A nine-month on-the-job training program for hospital pharmacy technicians is described. The first three months of the program are devoted to didactic training and the remaining six months to acquiring practical experience. Candidates for the program are provided through state-sponsored public assistance or manpower training programs. A minimum of six individuals are needed to begin a program to ensure that during at least three complete it. Forth technicians have completed the program during the past six years, and eight are currently employed by the hospital. Thirteen others are known to be employed at other institutions or in health-related occupations.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Combined internal medicine/pediatric residency training programs.

Combined residency training in both internal medicine and pediatrics has become a popular choice for postgraduate education in the 1980s. Most programs are relatively new, and little is known about their specific curricular structure and what program graduates do when they complete their training. Data collected from a survey of these combined program directors are described.

Curriculum↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A theory-based computer training program.

Using Kolb's learning theory resulted in an effective method of implementing a computer training program. The variety of teaching strategies provided an environment for nurses and other health care providers with different learning styles to understand and use the computer system successfully. The comprehensive training program was critical to the successful conversion to a new computer system in this large public teaching hospital. This project reinforces the need for nursing education and research departments to use teaching strategies that accommodate a variety of learning styles in a heterogenous group. The results of this project suggest one approach to stimulate adult learning and facilitate an effective learning environment. Nurses and other computer users have demonstrated effectiveness of this training program through successful activation of the new computer system.

Computer User Training↗

PubMed1990

Axillary crutch walking: effects of three training programs.

This study compared the effects of three different training programs on physiologic and perceptual responses during axillary crutch walking (ACW) for a distance of 1 km at self-selected speeds in healthy women. Forty subjects completed 18 training sessions in six weeks according to one of the following regimens: (1) 20 minutes of aerobic arm ergometer training at 50% of peak oxygen consumption determined during arm ergometry; (2) isotonic strength and endurance training of the upper extremities with free weights; or (3) axillary crutching at self-selected speeds for 20 minutes on a rectangular indoor course. In comparison with a control group that did not do any systematic training, all three training groups significantly increased their self-selected ACW speeds after training. This also resulted in a significant increase in their heart rates during ambulation. However, no significant changes were observed in oxygen consumption at the faster ACW speeds, suggesting that the training regimens were effective in improving the metabolic efficiency of ACW. Ratings of perceived exertion were significantly lowered for the three training groups even though cardiorespiratory stress was significantly elevated. No significant differences were observed between the three training programs for any of the variables examined. Since heart rate is a reliable indicator of myocardial oxygen uptake, it was recommended that (1) individuals should be screened for cardiovascular problems before axillary crutches are prescribed as a mode of ambulation, and (2) they should be advised to reduce the speed of ambulation because of the high degree of cardiovascular stress associated with this activity.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Preparing the educational interpreter. A survey of sign language interpreter training programs.

Despite rapid growth in the field of educational interpreting little is known about the formal training of educational interpreters. This gap in the research is the focus of this study. A questionnaire was sent to the directors of 50 interpreter training programs nationwide asking for information about their course work in educational interpreting and related areas; instruction in signed English systems; and the directors' opinions on certain ethical and professional questions facing the educational interpreter. The results suggest that graduates of interpreter training programs who obtain employment as public school interpreters are not adequately prepared. Training programs provide few courses on the education of deaf children, on the language systems used, and on issues specific to classroom interpreting. The directors of these programs overwhelmingly support the development of guidelines on the educational interpreter's role. They show some support for the "interpreter as tutor" role but are equivocal about the development of a special certification for educational interpreters.

Data Collection↗

PubMed1990

Success of reentry into anesthesiology training programs by residents with a history of substance abuse.

To determine incidence and outcome of reentry into anesthesiology training programs by residents with histories of substance abuse, a survey was sent to the 159 US anesthesiology training programs. One hundred thirteen (71%) responded, with 82 (73%) submitting at least one case report of substance abuse. A total of 180 case reports were submitted, including 26 in which the resident died as a result of substance abuse. The prevalence of substance abuse among trainees was 2%. Sixty-one (74%) of the responding training programs submitted a total of 113 case reports of resident reentry into anesthesiology training. The success rate of reentry in the parenteral opioid abuser group was 34% (27/79). The success rate of reentry for the nonopioid abuser group was 70% (16/23). There were 14 cases of suicide or lethal overdose among trainees who were allowed to reenter anesthesiology training. Death as the initial relapse symptom occurred in 16% (13/79) of the parenteral opioid abusers who were allowed to reenter anesthesiology training. This study suggests that drug rehabilitation followed by redirection into another specialty may be the most prudent course for the anesthesiology trainee who abuses parenteral opioids.

Anesthesiology↗

PubMed1991

Support services for pediatric trainees. A survey of training program directors.

We conducted a survey of pediatric training program directors (75% response rate) regarding program support services for house staff, directors' attitudes about stress in training, and program plans to ameliorate such stress. Support services included explicit measures to alleviate stress, policies that may minimize stress, evaluation of house staff performance, feedback regarding career concerns, and benefits (eg, medical insurance and child care). Most programs offered services to reduce stress from training, but few offered preventive services. Support policies were reported to be inadequate, especially in the areas of coverage for leaves of absence. Maternity leave represented most leaves of absences, as 10% of the female house staff and 11% of the male house staff members became parents. Program directors' terms were short, and only 30% perceived these roles to be their primary roles. Male directors believed that female house officers had a harder time adjusting to their programs. We suggest changes and present a simple way for program directors to evaluate their support services.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed1978

[Cardiac arrhythmias and other complications in patients after myocardial infarction during a long term training program].

In 85 patients with myocardial infarction undergoing a physical training on a bicycle ergometer 3 times a week over a period of 18 months beginning 5 weeks after the acute infarction, telemetric and haemodynamic investigations were made. The telemetry was done during ergometer training, dynamic and isometric gymnastics and during work at home. The diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure under exercise was registered in 43 patients before the beginning of the training program; in 16 of these patients a control heart catheterization was made after a training period of 4 months. During the ergometer training program 32% of all patients had ventricular premature beats more than 1:10, 6% had paroxysmal ventricular tachycardias, 1 patient had supraventricular tachycardias and 1 patient died at home after having a tachycardia of unknown origin. During dynamic or isometric gymnastics or under work at home the patients had not more arrhythmias than in the telemetric controls during the ergometer training. Arrhythmias and other complications are very often found in patients with high diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure in the exercise test.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

Six-month pharmacy technician training program at a community college.

A six-month pharmacy technician training program at a community college is discussed. Establishment of the program, recruitment and screening of applicants, and the curriculum are described. Also discussed are the advantages of community college training, the program's pharmacist advisory committee, contracts with hospitals that provide practical experience, reaction of state pharmacy organizations to the program, and the employment record of graduates. It is suggested that short, effective pharmacy technician training programs should be established in community colleges to supply high quality supportive personnel to hospital pharmacies. A national testing and certification program for pharmacy technicians is recommended.

Allied Health Personnel↗

PubMed1977

A model training program for child mental health specialists.

The Child Mental Health Specialist Training Program was established in 1970 at Camarillo State Hospital to train personnel specifically for work with mentally disturbed and delinquent children in a variety of settings. In collaboration with local colleges, the two-year program offers training at the master's-, bachelor's-, and associate-degree levels. Its focus is on clinical experience, supplemented by academic courses taught by staff of the Camarillo Children's Treatment Center. The authors describe the growing need for qualified child-care workers, the concepts underlying the program's structure, and the operation of the program. They emphasize the importance of designing training programs to produce versatile and flexible workers with skills that are adaptable to changing treatment approaches.

Allied Health Personnel↗

PubMed1989

A model for the objective assessment of clinical training programs: the initial application to two pulmonary medicine fellowship programs.

A model is presented for the objective assessment of clinical training programs. The model documents the clinical trainee's experience by the diagnoses seen and procedures performed during a full year of experience. It also surveys faculty impressions of the trainee's experience and their judgment of what is necessary to constitute an adequate experience. In the pilot study applying this model to two pulmonary medicine fellowship programs, several important observations were made: (1) faculty members may not have an accurate perception of the fellow's actual clinical experience, (2) faculty impressions of the fellow's experience often do not correspond to their own conception of an adequate clinical experience, (3) interprogram variability exists, (4) pulmonary fellows may have inadequate experience with certain invasive procedures. These observations suggest that wilder application of such a model could provide valuable information to program directors and subspecialty boards. In addition, directors of pulmonary disease training programs have been asked by the American Board of Internal Medicine to establish systems to evaluate, document, and substantiate those components of overall clinical competence considered essential for certification in the subspecialty. The model presented here provides an accurate and efficient means for such evaluation and documentation.

Clinical Competence↗