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Training of radiopharmacists, including self-study and a hospital short-term course, is discussed. A systematic approach for self-study is suggested. The 30-day hospital training program described includes both didactic material and on-the-job experience.
Pedestrian injuries are a complex problem for which no single intervention will be completely effective. One component of a community-wide program, training of schoolchildren in street-crossing skills, is evaluated. The program targeted public school students in grades K through 4 with an eight-session training program by a single teacher, cross-age teaching, videotape feedback, and in 1990 parent-child activity workbooks. Children's street crossing was observed pretraining and posttraining and graded on four behaviors: WALKING on sidewalk/shoulder vs in the street; STOPPING at the curb; LOOKING L-R-L before crossing; KEEP LOOKING while crossing. Analysis was conducted on matched pairs in which observations pretraining were compared with those posttraining on same child. Observations were completed on 137 children in 1989 and 92 in 1990. Nearly all children walked on the side of the road; however, fewer than 50% of children STOPPED, 25% LOOKED, and fewer than 20% KEPT LOOKING before training. Training did not improve the performance on the first two behaviors in either year, significantly increased LOOKING in 1990, and increased KEEP LOOKING by twofold in 1989 and threefold in 1990. It is concluded that pedestrian skills of children can be improved but that such a program must be part of a broader effort if pedestrian injuries are to decrease.
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Surgical training programs use various objective and subjective means to evaluate housestaff performance. However it is less clear how to assess the quality of the educational experience the program itself provides. This study examines the use of a resident-directed survey as a means of identifying and rectifying weakness in a surgical training curriculum. Multiple choice questionnaires covering each of 14 senior rotations were prepared by chief residents and distributed to all senior surgical residents in April 1989 (year I). The survey covered factors considered vital to resident education, including operative experience, input into preoperative and postoperative decisions, autonomy, and time demands, and an overall rating (OR) of the educational quality of the rotations. Responses were numerically graded: 1, appropriate; 0, fair; -1, inadequate (or "excessive" for the variable "time demands"). The results, which were presented and discussed at a departmental retreat that spring, prompted specific curriculum changes for the 1989-1990 academic year. An identical survey was conducted the next spring (year II). Major reorganizational changes were made in three of the four negatively rated rotations from year I. The OR for each of the rotations improved dramatically in year II (average increase of 0.64/rotation; p less than 0.05). None of the eight favorably rated rotations in year I suffered a reduction in OR as a result of the changes. Case load, intraoperative involvement, and input in both preoperative and postoperative decisions correlated most frequently with favorable ORs in both years. This study shows that a resident survey is an effective tool for critically assessing the education curriculum of a surgical training program.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
The training program for custodial staff at the University of Houston provides continuing education and opportunities for advancement for minority women, who make up approximately 90 percent of the staff. The training and opportunities offered may be responsible for the low turnover and absenteeism in the custodial services department.
Currently the prevalent perception is that regular exercise training, besides increasing maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), may have a beneficial effect on blood pressure and plasma lipid fractions. This is the basis for recommending exercise training for health maintenance and as a part of any prevention program for middle aged and older individuals. The purpose of this work was first, to review whether a basis exists for these recommendations and if so, to secondly design an exercise training program adjusted to these groups. Its parameters should be efficient enough to cause improvements in VO2max and risk profile, yet prevent cardial and orthopedic problems. The structure and the results of exercise programs in 27 experimental studies (n = 1153) were reviewed. The findings indicate that significant changes in VO2max, apart from individuals having least favourable values initially, do not necessarily effect simultaneous improvements in either blood pressure or plasma lipid fractions. Results strongly indicate the permanent benefits of participating in a long-term exercise program. This program should therefore provide a very useful and natural addition to the accepted dietary and pharmacological therapies.
Child psychiatry training programs have encountered a number of administrative problems resulting from efforts to recognize, without isolating or submerging, the unique aspects of child psychiatry within existing departments of psychiatry. This paper questions the validity of the concept of general psychiatry, which may be responsible for many of these administrative dilemmas. The thesis is advanced that adult and child psychiatry actually represent distinct fields of practice, however, training programs for each should be integrated within departments of psychiatry through both adult and child divisional administrative lines.
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Program design for training in Adolescent Medicine is still in an evolutionary state. Postgraduate fellows and program directors have different perceptions with regard to the importance of various components of the ideal training program. Fellows indicate a higher priority for problems associated with the female reproductive system than do their mentors. Inpatient experience received lesser emphasis by the Fellows. Adolescent Medicine as a subspecialty discipline is discouraged.
BACKGROUND: Few affordable training opportunities are specifically designed for the long-term care facility infection control practitioner. There is also little evidence of the success of training in improving infection control practices. The Nebraska Infection Control Network developed a 2-day basic skills training program for Midwestern long-term care facility infection control practitioners that was later disseminated to eastern and western training sites. In this study we examined the effectiveness of the training program in terms of trainee knowledge and practice. METHODS: From 1986 to 1990, a total of 17 courses conducted at the three sites were attended by a total of 266 infection control practitioners. Trainees completed a 40-item multiple choice test before and after training to evaluate their knowledge gain. Implementation of eight key infection control practices and time devoted to infection control duties were measured before training and at 3 and 12 months after training. Implementation of infection control practices was also evaluated in a second study, with infection control practitioners randomly assigned to trained and wait-control conditions. RESULTS: Significant increases after training were found at each site for both knowledge and implementation measures. These increases were maintained at 12 months follow-up. Time devoted to infection control duties increased significantly at the midwest and western sites but not at the eastern site. In the second study, significant differences were found between the trained and the wait-control group in use of infection control practices, providing evidence for a causal relationship between training and increased use of practices. CONCLUSIONS: The training program was effective in producing improvements in knowledge and implementation of recommended infection control practices in long-term care facilities. These improvements were consistent across three diverse geographic areas. There were some specific geographic differences.
A sample of 108 army conscripts answered two personality questionnaires and performed a series of motor ability and mental ability tests at the beginning of their military service. Occurrence of stress injuries was followed for a twelve-week period after the tests. The period included programmed physical training similar for all the subjects. On average, the subjects who experienced a stress fracture during the follow-up were tall and they also turned out to have been inactive in sports. The average personality profile in the stress fracture group showed low scores in achievement, dominance and exhibition traits. In addition to knowing the risk of a sudden increase in training intensity in stress injury development, height and the above mentioned personality factors should be known in order to be able to recognize a high risk patient in optimal stress injury prophylaxis, e.g. when planning training programs.
The impetus for the development of the Gynecorps Training Program was the identification of medically underserved populations of women in Washington State and their need for preventive health care, the maldistribution of physicians, and the success of a pilot program for training midlevel personnel conducted in 1972 by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington School of Medicine. The program trains community-based and -sponsored Registered Nurses and Physician's Assistants as women's health-care specialists, with the goal of delivering preventive care in obstetrics and gynecology to populations of high-risk, low-income, and/or underserved women. A summary of the training program, its curriculum, and the integration of its graduates into community health teams is presented and discussed.
A family therapy training program has been conducted for staff of mental health agencies located throughout Pennsylvania. This paper is a report on the content and results of the four-year-old training program. Three hundred practitioners have been trained in family therapy. The program has also led to the development of a core group of 64 family therapy trainers. There has been an associated delivery of more family-oriented mental health services throughout the Commonwealth.
An emergency skills training program was undertaken in a long-term care setting to increase nursing knowledge about appropriate interventions. The program incorporated readiness activities and a walk-through laboratory approach to learning. Pre- and postcourse knowledge scores revealed improvements, as did a 3-month follow-up assessment of knowledge. Most of all, the response of staff to the program was overwhelmingly positive.
The Medical Scientist Training Program at Washington University has been in existence for 21 years; by 1990, 148 students had completed the program leading to the combined M.D./Ph.D. degree. Of these graduates, most (95%) chose to enter residency programs rather than postdoctoral fellowships. Of the 72 who had completed their residencies or postdoctoral training by 1990, the vast majority (89%) reported that they were returning to academic institutions or the National Institutes of Health. Those in academic institutions were primarily in clinical departments, with medicine being the first choice. Most said they were devoting much of their time to basic research. These graduates were progressing rapidly into tenured positions and appear to have been well funded.